Big Science
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I cast a large amount of fund, and the Big Science (きょだいかがく British: big science[1]big science) is a scientific research project to mobilize a large number of researchers, and to be performed.
Table of contents
General statement
The natural science was born from natural philosophy, but or but it performed it as a hobby modestly because originally (by natural philosophy-like motives to be going to mainly know "the intention of God prepared nature into") a priest and a person (stable easy person of the life) of the noble social position met personal intellectual interest, in the about 19th century, form of the different knowledge of some hair colors was born with the conventional knowledge from philosophy, and it was admitted, and the value was incorporated in a university system at the time to people partly, and what got Shikano fund from the company, and by some came to study the by a demonstration and the political tactics that leading figure (scientist) of such a knowledge and others performed for the world. It was 2 degrees World War happened in the 20th century to have greatly changed such a scientific character [2]. It came to be thought, and the science would be thereby incorporated in national polity by people while a nation fought against a nation when it was to the thing that technology controlled economical political military affairs-like fate because there were a lot of scenes where weapons using the technology had a big influence on the victory or defeat [2]. It was become gigantic, and the government (the huge companies which or greatly adhered to the government) came to give advice about the choice of the study contents at the same time to contribute a fund to scientists as a sponsor [2] particularly the advanced part of the science became military in this way [2]. Thus, it was, and it came to be elaborated a plan as a project to achieve a military politics-like specific aim by the thing which was considerably different from it of the time when science was ever born [2], and the vast fund of the national scale and a huge organization came to be cast into the motive of research activities (by an intention of the government which anything is anything, but is going to overwhelm a victory, other countries for war for the scale) [2].
The things which had a decisive influence on such a flow include A-bomb production project that the United States of America performed during World War II, so-called "Manhattan Project" [2]. Each country which did that the United States got hegemony in the world in one of eyes came to in this way use this Manhattan Project as "copybook" (model) of the technology policy [2]. In addition, the space development race that the United States and the Soviet Union performed with a political intention in the 1960s had a big psychological influence on the people [2]. The flow that a large amount of expense and a huge organization were cast into has been possible in this way.
Such a flow possible once will get up to in a field of the basic science without remaining in the technology-like field such as Manhattan Project, a nuclear fusion plan, the space development [2]. In a domain of the high-energy physics, the fund which exceeded 1 trillion yen from hundreds of billions of yen was cast into the construction of the huge particle accelerator, and a vast fund came to be used for maintenance, driving [2]; (is the tax that was collected by people when this huge fund follows the cause).
Such Big Science has been promoted by expectation created in the heart of the people who often took advertising (which "there should be) technical ripple effect like ○○ plan of (past" advertising such as "I contribute to national pride") by scientists and such a sales message seriously [2].
But the Big Science was really fraught with problems. For example, judging from the viewpoint of the scientist, as for a vast fund being spent in only in the specific field that was only a scientific small portion, criticism to invite the result that money was not supplied to enough to various fields of other science came to be thereby done [2]. (e.g., it is to lose the opportunity when 1,000 various scientific research that, as a result, for example, it is possible for on a 1 billion yen scale in the shade gets the study fund that 1 trillion yen is spent by huge accelerator only one)
Furthermore, I determine the national finance managed by the tax that the nation took out, and, as for the limit and the thing of the appropriate scale, there are a limit and the thing of the appropriate scale in a budget to assign to science in everything not the thing such as "a mallet of the magic" so that there is it. In addition, national economy does not continue expanding endlessly and remains in a certain constant scale and may reduce. The review of the budget and the review of the plan came to be considered from the side of the government when it came to be recognized that Big Science not a little adversely affected a national finance and the life of the people by people. For example, as for the SSC (superconduction super large size accelerator) construction project, decision with the cancellation wants to be accomplished in the United States of America [2]; (1993).
According to Kiyohiko Ikeda, the Big Science is similar to public construction of Japan [3]. A lot of nonsense things become the worst structure that only a debt accumulates recently (there was some economic effect once). It is only the politician who adhered to general contractor and it that make a profit (when an example of the engineering works business), and a country and the debts of the local government become enormous, and the nation is in condition to have to pay it in the form that a tax is collected, and "a demerit is much bigger than a merit for the majority of nations". Even if it was any system to change a thing made as a system, it was not easy, and Kiyohiko Ikeda stated, "there is not the guarantee that it was not in the baggage that the Big Science was also difficult like it was in the baggage that a public works project was serious" once [3].
References
- For philosophy thought encyclopedia, Iwanami Shoten, 1,998 years, it is Kaoru Narisada writing p.357
Footnote
Allied item
Allied documents
- Book
- Hitoshi Yoshioka "reckless driving process calling of the sea company of the scientific civilization", 1991
- Others
- Koji Fushimi "modern のだだっこ Big Science" study technology plan 6(4), 200-201, 1992-10-15 [1]
- Is there the ability to manage the megatechnics to Seishu Tanno [article of this month] human being, and to run? -It is monthly four - lamb 9(6), 6-9, 1997-06 from the radioactivity leak of - Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, the reprocessing plant explosion accident
- Yasumasa Takeda "scientific government science 70(9), 700-705 which gave priority to Big Science, and treated the fundamental researches of the national university coldly", 2000-09
- A history of Shizue Hinokawa "(introduction to history of science) that each country comparison of the cyclotron development investigates the origin of the Big Science" science study. Stage II 45(237), 34-37, 2006-03-28
- Junichi Onuma "limit characteristics (to the society without the special feature nuclear power generation from - - field from the world) of the megatechnics that - - Fukushima nuclear plant accident proved a preventive principle for nuclear power generation" people plan (55), 110-116, 2011-09
- "Why the megatechnics development fails 橋山禮治郎; is responsibility world (828), 60-69, 2012-03 of a policy evaluation and the Diet"
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