The fourth (Japanese-person)

The fourth (よんせい) is Japanese expressing the fourth generation of the Japanese (Japanese-person) who emigrated to each country from Japan used in North America and South America, Australia.

Table of contents

Fact of each country

It is done first with Brazil United States of America, Canada Peru that but it is said with "the Enomoto emigrant" that 35 people went over to Mexico as for the Japanese organized emigration carried out in 1897 [¹] particularly many Japanese emigrants and the descendant live.

in Brazil

 

The first Japanese emigrant who arrived at Brazil on the shade door-maru in 1908

I refer to "a Japanese-Brazilian"

When the person who marries the Brazilian except the Japanese-person in Brazil, and was born includes it, it is said that I am [²], and the Japanese-person of approximately 1,500,000 has the population of the Japanese-person that there is the most it in the world, and most come to occupy the important post in Brazil society. The Japanese-Brazilian fourth comes to occupy 12.95% of population of the Japanese-person in Brazil in 1987 [³] and comes to be able to say that I form important factor in a minority race in South America even if I see it statistically.

in the United States

I refer to "a Japanese-American"

The Japanese emigrant in Hawaii was the greatest ethnic group in the state until 1900 through 1960, but after that follows a course of the decrease [⁴]. The fourth in Hawaii tends to halve a Japanese tradition with the United States without being concerned with establishment of the identity of own ethnic group lively [⁵]; [⁶]. The famous literary work about the fourth who is the object of the scientific study that the fourth in the United States is relatively few [⁷] is poetry "Making Yonsei" which carry Takahata announced in 2002 [⁸], and, as of 2008, a comparison compares the fourth and a Japanese-person in Hawaii in the generation before it with her in a work by the same author product [⁷].

As for the fourth, the prisoners' camp which threw a shadow in the life of clear discrimination and World War II and the previous generation is different from the generation before the Japanese-American at a point to be unrelated to the life for their days [⁹]. Because there was not so that the fourth experiences the clear fight that the generation before the Japanese-American faced or difficulty, I may be occasionally referred to "an indulged generation". Even if it is comparable existence, and the fourth in Hawaii does not go until upgrading with a white of the mainland in an education side and an economic aspect, a political side, I build the position where it may be said that it is the same class and the number of the Japanese emigrant declines from 1965 and after that has a low emigration rate [¹⁰]. In addition, getting married generalizes the non-Japanese-authority of with the person in the Japanese-American society after the 1960s, and, as for the ratio, it is 70% in 50%, the 1990s in the 1970s [⁹]. As a result, this cultural distance from the mother country which is the origin produces ethnic "symbolic" expression to be seen together in a group of the white in the continent and the fourth in Hawaii. It is one of the minority in the United States where the fourth in Hawaii expresses own ethnicity by a "symbolic" method except the white in the continent.

Even if people of a Sansei and the fourth visit Japan, I tend to regard this only as a simple sightseeing tour for them. The cultural nature of Japan does not generally exist among the fourth. I hold the auspicious occasions such as ceremonies on a holiday in conjunction with Japan, and, according to the study on fourth woman in Hawaii performed in 2006, the Japanese-American of this generation eats Japanese food and tends to insist on the ethnicity of oneself by a "symbolic" method to give its Japanese middle name. In the study, a focus is affected by the fourth not regarding the ethnicity as important than the Japanese-person of the previous generation.

in Canada

I refer to "a Japanese-Canadian"

in Peru

I refer to "a Japanese-Peruvian"

Culture

Generation

Said the word "Japanese-" (Nikkei) was devised by the multi-national group of sociologists, and the range has the nationality of the country living in the world concerned and to include all human beings inheriting a trait or talent from the Japanese [¹¹]. The collective memory of the person of the big generation was an image of the Meiji era from 1870 through 1911 of Japan among a generation and the Niseis, and it did contrast with the image for Japan where emigrants who came later left for later than oneself definitely [¹²]. A different posture to both Japan and the social sense of values often cause friction among both, and there was not the thing that both grooves are buried after World War II.

There is mainly the Japanese-British more than 100,000 now in London in the U.K., but, as for the British, a Nisei, the name that I generalized so that it is said with a Sansei do not do Japanese society not the thing like the Japanese-person seen in world each place traditionally now in a generation [¹³].

Allied item

• Anti-Japan sentiment
• Person Museum pro-on United States day
• List of the Japanese-American

Footnote

1. ^ [1]
2. ^ Japan-Brazil Relations
3. ^ Doi, Elza Takeo. "Japones," Enciclopedia das Linguas no Brasil.
4. ^ Okamura, Jonathan Y. (2008). Ethnicity and Inequality in Hawai'i. Temple University Press. p. 26. It is http://books.google.com/books?id=mmqx_G9qzScC&pg=PA139&dq=yonsei#PPA26,M1. ISBN 1592137563 
5. ^ Okamura, p. 125
6. ^ Okamura, p. 142
7. ^ ^{a b} Okamura, p. 138
8. ^ Takahata, Carrie. (2002). "Making Yonsei" in Okamura Jonathan (ed.) The Japanese American Contemporary Experience in Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-824-82687-6
9. ^ ^{a b} Armbruster, Shirley. (1998-3-1). "Melding into the melting pot Third-generation Japanese-Americans who intermarry want their children to remember and honor their heritage", The Fresno Bee.
10. ^ ^{a b} Ishikawa, Juri (2006). Yonsei Japanese American Women in Hawai'i quoted in Okamura, Jonathan Y. (2008). Ethnicity and Inequality in Hawai'i, p.144.
11. ^ "What is Nikkei? "Japanese American National Museum.
12. ^ McLellan, p. 37.
13. ^ [2]

Outside link

• Japanese American National Museum; JANM generational teas
• Living-in-United States of America Japanese Embassy（Washington D.C.）
• Japanese American Citizens League
• Japanese Cultural & Community Center （North California）
• Japanese American Community and Cultural Center (Southern California)
• Japanese American Historical Society
• Densho: The Japanese American Legacy Project
• Japanese American Museum（San Jose）
• Japanese American Network
• Japanese-American's own companies in USA
• Japanese American Relocation Digital Archives
• Online Archive of the Japanese American Relocation during World War II
• Photo Exhibit of Japanese American community (Florida)
• The Asians in America Project - Japanese American Organizations Directory
• Nikkei Federation
• Discover Nikkei
• Summary of a panel discussion on changing Japanese American identities
• Interment and American samurai
• "The War Relocation Centers of World War II: When Fear Was Stronger than Justice," it is a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
• U.S. Government interned Japanese from Latin America

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