2017년 2월 21일 화요일

The name of Indian people

The name of Indian people

The name of Indian people is based on a method and a tradition of various christening and it is different every district and is various. In addition, it varies according to religion and the social position (so-called caste). Because a domain India contains many languages and main religion of the world, it is to sometimes produce a delicate, confusing difference about christening.

Table of contents

Kind of the name

Many Indians have the name of the form called "a personal name, a by-name" or "a personal name, a middle name, a by-name". As for the by-name, how to put including a family name, the name of a god, father name is various. Because I may be used when I call a partner with respect, in the case of Hindi, an honorific title such as "G" (जी; -ji) (used between Hinduism mischief mainly) and "サーハブ" (साहब्; -saheb) equal to a Japanese "state" "Sahib" (साहिब्; -sahib) (used among Muslims mainly) is touched, for example, for the by-name at the time of conversation.

Only a personal name lasts, and the example having four names alone is rare now.

Personal name

The personal name is the name to use when an Indian generally calls a partner. In addition, this name is used for a legal document and an official record. A near relative and close friends call each other it by a personal name.

family masterpieces

The family name is the name of the family, but the origins are a great variety of. The main thing has the following kinds.

  • The late place name
  • Occupation name
  • Caste name

The late place name is the name of the village which is ancestral hometown. As for many Indians, the late place name is a family name. I add kar to the late place name in the マハーラーシュトラ state, and there are a family name and an example doing. There is the example that the late place name is just a family name in Andhra Pradesh.

With the occupation name, the name of the occupation that the family of the person with the name engages in becomes the name. Pearl she adds wala to an occupation name and assumes it a family name, but it is performed that I change my name from a family name depending on an occupation to have at that point. wala is a meaning of a "... person "... person" to work" as. Because the occupation is often hereditary, such the family name lasts for several generations and it is stable and will be maintained.

  • If "a screw shop" is Cyclewala if it is Screwala, it is a family name called "a bicycle shop".
  • However, Talukdar, Tehsildar, Tarafdar, Pillai are family names expressing social status.

The caste name shows an ancestral occupation. An Indian is common, and, in the same caste, people in the same sub caste get married in many cases. However, it is not necessarily the thing indicating there being kinsmanship even if I have a same caste name. From this, the caste name has the opinion that you should distinguish from a family name.

  • If it is the name called Mohandas Gandhi (Gandhi), I show that I belong to caste of miscellaneous goods merchant (Gandhi). However, himself was a lawyer before becoming a political leader. As for the caste name before the marriage of his wife, a caste name before the marriage of his mother and grandmother was all Gandhi, too.
  • Iyer Iyengar Gounder Nair Naidu Reddy Gowda Tuluva of south India is a caste name.


In addition, the family name has a variety of origins.

The family name to come from an ancestral academic achievement.

  • In the マハーラーシュトラ state, there is in vain this Hinduism example.

A family name by the created name.

  • It is a family name of ジャワーハルラール Nehru who was Indian Prime Minister Hatsuyo, and "the nail" is the family name who gave it when his father moved to Allah Harvard from Kashmir. Therefore, the family name of the cause cause is not a nail though the wife of the ジャワーハルラール nail is caste same as him.
  • The family name "pilot" of the ラジェーシュ pilot who is a former minister is the name that I touched by oneself when he finished the military service in the air force.

A family name of the Syrian Christian. In many cases, Hebrew or the name of the Greek origin was adopted for mullah yeah lamb word. It becomes the name peculiar to a family again without changing between generations because it is the personal name of the ancestors before several generations.

  • Verghese.

The British Indian family name, family name (including Fernandes) of the Portuguese Goan are characteristic, too.

Name of a god

In all-India, it becomes common in the caste of the Brahman in particular that one caste is divided into some systems by God whom the family admires. Therefore, the name of a god to admire may function as some names. However, it is rare to be considered to be the legal name.

  • I am used widely in Andhra Pradesh in particular. Tamma in Reddy is the name of a god.
  • The name of Balgangadhar Tilak which was an independent campaigner is this kind of thing.

But it is often a personal name attached after the name of merely God when the name of God is a personal name.

family masterpieces

Although domestic each place is dotted, there is little society where a family name is used for.

  • Itaru God of the animal said to that I have kinsmanship with each person is, and the name is used for a Chota Nagpur group as a family name.
  • In the society of the Kodava group of south India, a family name is used.

go thoramasterpieces

The go thoraname is the oldest ancestral name among the whole families of the paternal line that I can usually follow from the family of the person, but may be the name of an occupation and the village to reach from an ancestor. The ancestral genealogy is known from this go thoraname and may become important at the time of marriage in particular. In other words, there is custom not to be able to get married because "a go tiger" is considered a relative in the case of the same man and woman in some areas of India.

birth masterpieces

In the Indian, there are a birth name unlike the name to use formally namely the people having the name that is touched when I was born. The birth name is the name to begin with a happy letter based on astrology.

Characteristic according to the area

Name of the Bengali

In Bengalis (West Bengal), it is particularly common between Hinduism mischief to have Daak naam which is not listed in an official document or a nickname other than a personal name and a by-name.

Name of the person from マラータ

In the マハーラーシュトラ state, a method of the christening resembles a method of Western first-middle-last closely.

  • If it is the name called Sunil Manohar Gavaskar, Sunil is a personal name, and, in Manogar, Gavaskar is by-names such as family names the name of father.

As for the boy, the name of the grandfather may be named as a personal name.

The middle name is abbreviated and is often transcribed in an initial. The woman uses the name of the husband as a middle name traditionally and changes the family name of father to the family name of the husband.

The family name adds kar to the late place name and often assumes it a family name.

  • The ancestral hometown of the person is Gavas if I have a family name called Gavaskar. Similarly, if it is Tendulkar, I am from Tendol and am a native place of Pawas if it is Pawaskar.

If it is Hinduism mischief, I may have a forthcoming family name from an ancestral academic achievement.

  • The ancestor of the person shows to Shahs stole that it was a deep scholar of the profound knowledge if I have a family name called Sastri.
  • If it is Dwivedi, to two Vedas, it means that I have the ancestor who knew four Vedas to three Vedas if it is Trivedi if it is Chaturvedi.
  • There are Pathak, Acharya, Upadhyaya, the name such as Pandit elsewhere, too.

Name of the Gujarati

People with the name called "a personal name, father name, family name" are often found and the father name who is a middle name is abbreviated and is often transcribed in an initial like マハーラーシュトラ state in Gujarat. In addition, after marriage, the woman uses the name of the husband as a middle name and changes the family name of father to the family name of the husband.

Name of the Tamil

Because the Tamil did not have other than a personal name traditionally, the names such as use, the middle name of the father name by the initial, the family name are foreign. Therefore, the very long personal name may be attached among them. In this case the personal name may be left a space between words of, but is not a family name and other names.

  • Therefore, the name of the Tamil is originally a thing such as merely Murugeshan and Lakshmanan.
  • The long name such as Murugeshalakshmanan may be left a space between words of like Murugesha Lakshmanan, but is not a family name and other names.

Under rule in the U.K., inconvenience will produce it by the use only for personal names from the registration of a school system and the land, a report of the date of birth and in total administrative need. It was necessary to avoid confusion with the same name. Therefore modern jurisprudence was maintained, and the way of holding name like the U.K. would be called for generally, and the use of the by-name was promoted. Therefore the Tamil arranged the ancestral personal names of the paternal line to in front of several generations and I did it for an initial and adopted the method that I put before a personal name. This custom was called Villar Sam (விலாசம்; vilasam).

  • For example, it is Mu. Ko. Ka. Mu. Tha. Er. Ganesh and Mu. Ko. Ka. Mu. Tha. Ka. Ganesh is in a relation between cousins.

Without the name by complete Villar Sam being used recently only in a scene with the important meaning of the life; usually one generation former;, in other words, only the initial of the personal name of father is used. Therefore, a personal name of father is considered to be a by-name basically and may be considered to be a family name. In the case of the woman of the Tamil, it is common to use the personal name of the husband as a by-name after marriage.

  • For example, when is a meaning called Ajith which is a son of Abraham, and the name called Ajith Abraham writes it using an initial; A. It becomes Ajith. When if there is a son called Ashwin in Ajith, is the name called Ashwin Ajith, and the son writes it using an initial; A. It is Ashwin.
  • The woman before the marriage called Sunitha Gopalan is a meaning called Sunitha which is a daughter of Gopalan, but her name changes with Sunitha Rajiv when I get married with the man of the personal name called Rajiv.

Originally a caste name was considered to be a family name of the Tamil, but did not tend to show caste in the society in south India particularly Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Therefore, it is not common among particularly young generations to give caste name. Some Tamils may use, for example, both late place name (in this example Madurai) and caste name (in this example Iyer) as some names like Madurai Mani Iyer, and in this case it is in the form called "a family name, personal name, caste name" like the name of the person from テルグ.

Name of the person from テルグ

The person from テルグ of Andhra Pradesh has the name of the form called "a family name, personal name, caste name" traditionally in most cases. The caste name is often omitted. It is often found that the family name is the late place name, but may use an occupation name of the family as a family name. If a family name is the same, it is considered that it is a relative.

  • If it is the name called Nara Chandrababu Naidu, personal name, Naidu are caste names family name, Chandrababu Nara. But this caste name is a title of the whole families who were given it from King when there is the past. It is thought that Naidu from northern part of Andhra Pradesh is a person of the Kamma caste, and it is thought that Naidu from downstate is a person of the Kapu caste.
  • The appeal to this person is Naidu garu (Ney do: Mr. Naidu) or Chandrababu Naidu garu (Chandra vav Ney do: Mr. Chandrababu Naidu); (a Nara garu (Japanese oak: is not Mr. Nara)).
  • The title called Rao may be a person of which caste. P. which is Prime Minister of former India V. Narasimha Rao is a person of the caste of the Brahman, and Jalagam Vengal Rao of the Prime Minister former Andhra Pradesh is a person of the Velama caste.
  • Reddy is a caste name indicating the landowner of the Hinduism mischief. Patel, Iyer, Mudaliar is a caste name, too.
  • In the family of the Brahman, caste name, Vaideeki of the descendant of the person that Niogi was appointed from King by a minister are caste names of the descendant of the religious school teacher.
  • Velanati and Telaganya are family names by the ancestral hometown.

In late years it is prevalent than it says a tradition to use a title in substitution for a caste name. In addition, a lot of glossology except these exists, too and cannot necessarily discuss the glossology of the person from テルグ.

  • As for the name called Raghunadh Polavarapu, Raghunadh is a personal name, and Polavarapu is a family name.

Name of the perception Nada person

The late place name, family name / caste name / title, a father name, a personal name are included in the name of the perception Nada person of Karnataka. Typically,

1.The late place name is put in the beginning of the name.

  • If it is the name called Mangalooru Manjunatha, Mangalooru is the late place name, and Manjunatha is a personal name.

2.The father name is put in the second of the name. When they do not have the late place name, other names are put first, and father names are secondly always put.

  • If it is the name called Kuppalli Venkatappa Puttappa, in Kuppalli, father name, Puttappa are personal names late place name, Venkatappa.

3.The family name / caste name / title is put in the last of the name.

  • If it is the name called Panemangalooru Ramesh Shenoy, in Panemangalooru, in late place name, Ramesh, personal name, Shenoy are family names.
  • If it is the name called Satish Ramanath Hegde, in Satish, in personal name, Ramanath, father name, Hegde are titles.

There are rarely the people using the name of the ancestral house, but that case is put like the late place name. In addition, there are the people with only a personal name, but it is forced other name, to write the late place name jointly in most cases legally.

Name of the person from Kerala

I do not tend to show caste in the society like Tamil Nadu in Kerala, and father name custom using a personal name of father as a by-name is performed widely. In other words, I am that the personal name of the person of a certain generation becomes the by-name of the person of the next generation. In this case, like the case of the name of the Tamil, I am put before the personal name of the person when I transcribe this by-name in an initial. A personal name is understood like a by-name when I have a look, but is an error.

Among Christians of Kerala, it is common to have a baptismal name as a middle name. In this case the baptismal name is a personal name of grandparents or the godparent. *Roshni Mary George or Anoop Antony Philip.

The particularly Syrian Christian puts ancestral hometown after a personal name.

  • For example, it becomes like Pramod Perumparambil and Paul Chemmanoor and Paul Tharavaad.

Until the 1980s, there was the person with the name of the form called "a family name, personal name, caste name", too.

  • The name called Kannoth Karunakaran Maarar is a meaning called Karunakaran of the person of Kannoth of the Maarar caste.

Indian Malaysian name

As for the Indian most of Malaysian people, an ancestor is from south India, and the name becomes the form called "a personal name, father name". The woman is listed in the form "personal name A/P father name", and, on an identification card, as for the man, in A/L, anak lelaki (son of ...), A/P of Malay are cable addresses of anak perempuan (daughter of ...) of Malay "a personal name A/L father name". The woman was transcribed in the form called "a personal name D/O father name", but, for the rule era in the U.K., as for the Indian man, she succeeded this "a personal name S/O father name". In S/O, D/O of son of is a cable address of daughter of. Because A/L resembles "al" included in the name of Arab people, it is often misled into thinking that it is a part of the name, but it is the sign in mention of the identification card to the last and is not a part of the name.

  • If it is Murugan of the son of Vellupillai, I am listed in an identification card with MURUGAN A/L VELLUPILLAI.

In the women, I may use the personal name of the husband replacing with a father name after marriage. When I use the sketchy description by the initial, a father name is abbreviated and is put before a personal name. Thus, it may be understood as if a personal name is a by-name, but is an error.

  • If is Murugan of the son of Vellupillai named MURUGAN A/L VELLUPILLAI; V. It is abbreviated to say Murugan.
  • R. K. Narayan and R. K. Laxman is a brother.

In late years an Indian Malaysian emigrates to Europe and America and comes to often register the name in form except A/L and A/P.

  • When if is Murugan of the son of Vellupillai named MURUGAN A/L VELLUPILLAI, register the name publicly with MURUGAN VELLUPILLAI, and sketch it; M. I assume it VELLUPILLAI.

Characteristic according to the religion

There is the by-name to be decided by religion to believe in.

Sikh

The Sikh believing in Sikhism established for Mogul Empire Era is believer Great Society; called Singh (lion) will name it and, as a middle name, usually put it before a family name and is used, but do not use a family name; the Sikh is, too, and, in that case, in Singh, it is the only by-name. Or I may add -singh to the last of a personal name and the family name. The faith of the Sikh discriminated against as for this name by neither any caste nor the hometown can follow the origin. ちなみにシーク教徒は女性にも男性と同じような名前をつけるため、パンジャーブ人女性で男性のような名前を持つ物がいればその者はシーク教徒であることがうかがい知れる。

  • インドの元大統領 Zail Singh は、シーク教徒の学者であった。
  • クリケット選手の Navjot Singh Sidhu も、シーク教徒である。

ただし、この Singh は、北インドではヒンドゥー教徒によっても副名として好んで用いられる。

シーク教徒の女性は、Kaur（姫・雌獅子）という名を副名として用いている。

芸能人の中にはSinghやKaurを省いて名と氏族名のみを名乗る者が多い。例えば、歌手のSurjit Bindrakhiaの本名はSurjit Singh Bindrakhia、女優のParminder Nagra（パーミンダ・ナーグラ）の本名はParminder Kaur Nagraである。

ジャイナ教徒

ブッダと同世代のマハーヴィーラを崇拝するジャイナ教徒たちは、副名に Jain を用いることがよくある。

ただし、特に上級クシャトリヤの Thakur や Rajput のカーストに属する人々を中心に、ヒンドゥー教徒によっても副名として Jain が用いられている。

ヒンドゥー教徒

典型的なヒンドゥー教徒の名前は、個人名、父名などの中間名、そして家族名などの副名から成っている。しかし、地域別の特徴に書かれてあるとおり、地域によって様々な形式がある。

キリスト教徒

インドのキリスト教徒の名前は、過去2世紀の経過を経て、インドの命名法と西欧の命名法とが独特な形で融合したものとなった。たとえば Xavier Antony Alex Miranda という名前があり得るが、この場合 Xavier は父名、Antony が個人名、Alex が第二名、Miranda が家族名である。しかしやはり地域によって様々な形式がある。

イスラム教徒

イスラム教徒の名前は、世界の他の地域と同じように付けられる。

人の呼び方

インド人が相手を呼ぶ時には、一般的に個人名で呼ぶ。 また、法的な文書や公式の記録にも個人名が用いられる。 A near relative and close friends call each other it by a personal name. 同名の人が社会的に近く存在する場合には、個人名の前に「上の / 下の」という形容詞を付けたり、他の綽名で呼んだりする。 丁寧な呼びかけをする場合は、श्री / श्रीमती (シュリー / シュリーマティー。英語の Mr. / Ms. にあたる。タミル語では திரு / திருமதி ティル / ティルマティ であるなど、言語によって異なる。) を個人名の前に付けて呼ぶ。 さらに敬意を表する場合には、श्री / श्रीमती を付けた個人名の後にさらに「様」 (जी ジー, साहब् サーハブ など) を付ける。

地域によっては、改まった場面では個人名で呼ばずに、称号などの副名を श्री / श्रीमती に付けて呼ぶことがある。

一部の地域、特に非都市部においては、結婚した女性を呼ぶ際には個人名を用いずに、「 (夫の名) の奥さん」「 (子供の名) のお母さん」と呼ぶ慣習がある。

頭文字による名の略し方

家族名は省略して表記される場合、個人名の前にも後にも付けうる。

  • Noushad Shafi Ulooji 「Ulooji 家の Shafi の息子である Noushad」という名前であれば、Noushad S. U. とも、S. U. Noushad とも表記することができる。

南インドでは、頭文字 (initial) の用い方に固有の特徴があるので、名前のどの部分が個人名であるのかについて誤解を生むことがしばしばである。タミル人は普通、個人名しか持たないので、社会的な混乱を防ぐために父親の名が頭文字で名前の一部として用いられる。

  • Gopal の息子の Raman であれば G. Raman、Dinesh の息子の Raman であれば D. Raman である。

しかし、もともとの名前は、個人名の後に父名が来るという形式のものである。したがって、頭文字で示された父名などを略さずにすべて表記する場合、それは個人名の後に付けられなければならない。

  • P. Chidambaram は Chidambaram Palaniyappan であって、Palaniyappan Chidambaram ではない。個人名はあくまでも Chidambaram である。
  • チェスの名手 V. Anand は、頭文字を用いずに表記する場合 Anand Vishwanathan である。
  • 解放運動の旗手であった C. Rajagopalachari は、もともとは Rajagopalachari Charkaravarty という名前である。

学校での学籍登録では、必ず父名の頭文字が個人名とともに登録される。また、政府の諸記録の上では父名の頭文字の使用が義務付けられている。そのため、父名の頭文字を用いない人々は証明書の発行や銀行での取引などの際に不法とみなされて不利益を受けたり、場合によっては差別の対象となることがある。

タミル・ナードゥ州の一部では、この制度に適応するために、伝統的な家族名による命名法が捨てられた例も見られる。父親の名あるいは夫の名が副名として用いられるため、家族名を伝統的に用いていた社会ではこれら父名と夫名が家族名とみなされるようになっている。

旅券などの文書には、頭文字ではなく名前全体が記入されることが一般的である。資産証明書などの場合には、同じ形式で父名、祖父名、夫名や故地名が記載されるが、頭文字による表記を用いることも許される。しかし、一般的には公的な記録においては、頭文字の使用が義務付けられ、父名を個人名の後に付けた形式の名は認められない。

  • P. Chidambaram も Chidambaram Palaniyappan もともに一人の人物の名であるが、法的には P. Chidambaram しか用いられない。

一般的に、名を短く略記する場合には、頭文字の部分を省略して、父名を個人名の後に付ける。

  • たとえば、M. Gopal Krishnan の息子の G. Raja Ravi Varma の名を略記する場合、Raja Gopal とする。

女性の場合、結婚前は父名の頭文字を用い、結婚後は夫名の頭文字を用いる。しかし近年では、女性の社会進出に伴い、特に雇用されている女性の間では、結婚後も変わらず父名の頭文字を用い続ける例が多くなってきている。女性の卒業証明書や履歴書は、多くの場合結婚前の記録であって頭文字は父名のものとなっているため、この傾向は結婚による改名後の名前を確認する煩雑さを避けるための手立てと考えられる。父名のままの頭文字を用いつつ、結婚後は夫名をさらに個人名の後に付けるということも、一部では行われているようである。

近年の名付け方の特徴

近年流行している名付けの方法の一つに、世界的な偉人に因んだ名を子供に付けることが挙げられる。ただし、この場合にはその偉人の家族名などの副名が、子供の個人名として付けられてしまう。

  • アインシュタイン、チャーチル、ケネディ、ベートーヴェン、シェイクスピアなど。

奇抜さを狙った個人名も増えてきている。

  • プロトン、アルファ、オメガなど。
「https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=インド人の名前&oldid=58820666」から取得

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