2017년 3월 3일 금요일

The Spanish army

The Spanish army

Crest of the Spanish army

The Spanish army (Spanish: Ejército de Tierra de España) is the Spanish army.

Table of contents

History

The Spanish army exists since rule of the king Aragon Fernando second and the Castilia Queen Isabelle first (both Catholic King) after end of the Reconquista of the 15th century continually. It is the oldest in the Spanish 3 military, and a scale is the biggest. The duty is nation protection by Spanish mainland, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Melilla, defense of Ceuta, accomplishment of the duty as the NATO member, disaster dispatch or the public welfare activity, participation in international peace activity.

The third leaf war

Spain did not participate in 2 degrees World War alone in a European major country. It was to feel uneasy about the weakening of the military by a diplomatic interest and the industrial inadequacy that has just started about inner World War I. It gave a serious blow for a strategy study of the Spanish army for large-scale war to have been nonparticipation. The case that should be called the symbol is the third leaf war.

The war is started from the Spanish military of 25,000 people having started invasion in the township of the leaf group living in the North Africa (some families of the Berber). The Spanish King Alfonso thirteenth who continued losing an overseas territory in American-Spanish War strengthened the rule of the Moroccan district to keep the prestige of the own country and started rule of the subtribe who was loose as the part. Leaf head of a family アブド Al クリム gives warning to the Spanish military, but the Spain forces which underestimated the leaf group which only 3,000 were able to slightly mobilize ford the candy curan river and march to capital Ann Waal. But a backward base is recaptured in sequence, and supply is short, and the Spanish military which marched in the interior of the desert falls into the corps of アブド Al クリム oneself several hundred people to lead. I started only the damage in front of the trench which a leaf group built and have been repulsed though the Spanish military put off the capital capture and sent a large-scale breakthrough corps over twice to. Spain which was indifferent to World War I did not half understand the value of the trench. A little less than 10,000 Spain soldiers were lost in this point in time, but the leaf soldier slightly started only 30 people killed in action.

15,000 Spanish militaries which lost supply gave up Ann Waal and started retreat, but because I received the attack of the leaf forces in a journey, the retreat took place of a flight, and it was in 壊走 that I disturbed in formation before long. The Spanish soldier who was able to run back by this fight safely to the own country slightly started the captive of 12,000 people of death in battle, war wound and several hundred at half degree and was missing while the シルベストレ general of the commander retreated. It is said that the dead person of the leaf forces on the other hand was less than 100. I add the cause of defeat by the fight of this Ann Waal to the equipment for Spanish military having been mediocritized by lack of the industrial power, and it is given by the problems of the salary that morale and 錬度 of soldiers turned worse remarkably. In addition, it became the fatal injury for the war that the army was modern to have been totally ignorant.

Ahead of a landslide victory more than expected, the leaf forces of encouraged 3,000 people start invasion adversely and they occupy the eastern part of Spain territory Morocco and approach to Melilla City with the general headquarters of the Spain forces. The Spanish military cornered in the last moment scraped up Foreign Legion and militiaman corps までもを not to mention dispatch of the reorganization of the failure soldier and the reinforcement from the own country and resisted it. The large-scale support of the air force began, too, and the Spanish military of tens of thousands of people barely prevented the Melilla capture of the leaf forces. But, as for the willpower to regain the territory which I was robbed of in the Spain forces as much as possible because I stopped a march, there did not remain it. A resistance group is opposed to a peace group to the brink of an internal disturbance in Spain and Primo デ General Ribera of the peace group finally spreads a military regime and starts confusion control and begins to push forward leaf republic and peace that declared independence. However, デ Ribera who turned to a hard-liner on the way receives support of neighboring country France which disliked destabilization of the Mediterranean Sea and starts a counterattack. The Spanish military placed the Foreign Legion and a Berber hired soldier as the main force of the military in place of the Spanish soldier who had low reliability, too and tried it to get 錬度 which could fight against a leaf soldier on equal terms. Furthermore, there was the effort such as starting, and doing the injection of the tank by the support of the French military and succeeded in the repulse of the leaf forces temporarily.

However, one leaf republic unified other Berber tribes, too and strengthened armaments, and the force swelled to 70,000 because the tribes of the western part of Morocco revolted against Spain again, and the leaf side was accompanied. When the offensive of the leaf forces began, the Spanish military repeated defeat again and I suffered a complete defeat by a fight of シャウエン and started 12,000 damage and flighted. There was the case that the convoy of 40 transportation trucks was destroyed by a difficult matter at a stretch in front of the leaf forces which pressed it even to retreat for the Spanish military, and came by an ambush. Still the Spanish military succeeds in the survival of 30,000 people, and Francisco Franco who was a commander is promoted to a major from this achievement.

The French Government which I felt uneasy about when the war may leap to the cowardly fight of the Spanish military to the North Africa territory of the own country decides the direct intervention of the ally. However, I occupied a border zone with the own country within the territory just to have let some military units cross the border at first, and the full-scale military intervention waited. However, it follows that this causes the full-scale participation in a war of the French military adversely because the leaf forces gave some damage by a fight over the supply in the French military. France started a march in addition to 60,000 whole stationary forces of French Morocco with 160,000 big armies which extracted 100,000 from this national military which unfolded in the Rhine, and General hero Philip ペタン of World War I took office as a total commander. The French military leading famous admiral ペタン overwhelms the leaf forces and I break the leaf forces by a large offensive with the Spanish military which called this using poisonous gas and occupy Ann Waal. In 1925, the 漸 くにして war terminated.

I spent a force more than 200,000 in this war, and the Spanish army which sent the person killed in action more than 40,000 greatly lost prestige. The armaments are largely reduced, and the military authorities have dissatisfaction, and the domestic politics is confused, and innovation power begins to gain power. This confusion is finally tied to the worst situation called establishment of the popular front government and the revolt of the military authorities.

The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War was four years later from end of the third leaf war.

20th century

The staff of the army became to 240,000 people including 170,000 inductees by 1987. (maintained in around 280,000 people before it). Furthermore, it was found that the government reduced it in 195,000 or less by 1991. 19,000 people were stationed any place other than the Spanish mainland and were stationed in Ceuta and Melilla. These include four N.Afr. regular regiments in addition to the Spanish Foreign Legion and other specialized military units. Furthermore, as for 10,000 people, 5,800 were assigned to the defense of the Balearic Islands in the Canary Islands.

The Spanish Foreign Legion (is organized in Morocco after the fashion of French Foreign Legion in 1920) of the Chief of Staff of the Army direct; was under the command of it, and was known existence in the best in the Spanish army. However, the Foreign Legion was reduced by a person of all the members 6,500 as a result that it was made reconstitution in succession by 1987. But all the members were considered by a volunteer to win, and to make the number of the career serviceman a little large than a military unit. The supplement of the non-Spanish member (the composition ratio did not exceed 10% of the whole) was finished in 1986. I have already worked, and the member of the nationality just becomes the remaining.

The Spanish Foreign Legion assumes four テルシオ a basic unit, and the military unit scale is a unit equal to the middle of a regiment and the brigade. As for the head of テルシオ, a colonel was appointed. First テルシオ and second テルシオ constituted Melilla and the main force of the Ceuta (North Africa) garrison. After a motorization battalion was reduced, each unit became the following organization. I consist of one motorization battalion, one mechanization battalion, tank squadron and headquarters squadrons. Third テルシオ (the Canary Islands) consists of two mechanization foot soldier battalions and headquarters squadrons. I am stationed in the suburbs of Malaga, and fourth テルシオ consists of a variety of military units from whole support to the combat troop in the Foreign Legion headquarters.

The Department of Defense completely planned the foundation of the rapid deployment force consisting of volunteers. I can cast this military unit (including the Spanish Foreign Legion, parachute brigade, aerial movement brigade and the Marine Corps) into the world hot spot after order bottoms in 12 hours. However, it becomes the cause that the ability is limited because the sea air force does not hold a carrier and the transportation vessels of enough numbers.

In spite of a new procurement plan carried out from the mid-1980s, the supply of a weapon and equipment parts was not still enough. The Spanish army at the time did not even hold the standard equipment for other NATO clubs forces above all and was the mixed state of old and new weapons. As for the total number of tanks, tank (M47 Patton, M48 Patton) made in 700 United States and (introduction was decided for Franco Era, and procurement by the license production was pushed forward from 1974 through 1983) AMX-30 held 300 cars. The army keenly realized that it is important that I adopt the third generation main force tank at the mid-1990s, but, after examination to pass to several degrees, a modernization plan (a diesel engine and communication facilities, upgrading to increase-type explosion reaction armor and laser firearms control device designed newly in Germany) of AMX-30 is done with postponement, and Leo paletot 2 will be adopted.

The situation and equipment of 1985

To this age, the Spanish army carried out reorganization including the reduction of 45,000 people. One armored division (one armored brigade and two spare armored brigade), one mechanization division, five brigade (it becomes a paratroop, armored (or various organization which are aerial movement) infantry, artillery) became a target of the reorganization elsewhere.

  • *2 Mountain Division
  • *1 アルピネ brigade
  • *9 infantry (the organization of each regiment: three foot soldier battalions, one gunner group, one reconnaissance squadron, one company of engineers, one communication squadron)
  • テルシオ *4
  • *1 whole artillery
  • *2 gunner regiment
  • *1 local defense brigade (consisting of five coast gunner regiments)

The others are as follows. Balearic Islands (three infantries and support people), canaries archipelago (first テルシオ and three infantries), Ceuta and Melilla (third テルシオ and two Africa regiments).

The equipment at the time

  • A tank: M47E/E1/E2, M48A5E, AMX-30E, M41
  • An armored car: AML60, AML90, VEC, BMR600, BLR, M113
  • A cannon: M108, M56 (105mm), M109, M44, M114, M59 (155mm), M107 (175mm), M110 (203mm), MLR Teruel 1 (140mm), L21 (216mm), L10 (300mm)
  • A coast gun: 88, 152, 203, 305, 381mm
  • A trench mortar: エスペランサ 60, 81, 120mm, M125 (81mm), M125A1 (120mm)
  • Anticraft firearms: M55 12,7 mm, 20mm GAO-B1, 35mm GDF, 40mm L70, M117 90mm.AMX-30 deployment type Roland, hawk, Nike Hercules.
  • Anti-tank firearms: 89mm rocket launcher M65, 40RLC 106mm, ATGW cobra, Milan, HOT, TOW, M47 dragon
  • A rifle: M41/59 7,62 mm (Seto memo Japanese poplar A 7,62 mm)
  • A plane: UH-1B/H, Aluette III, BO105, AB.212, O-58, CH-47

The situation and reconstitution of 1991

An META plan discussed from 1982 through 1988 (military modernization plan in Spain) will be carried out. The member was reduced from 279,000 people to 230,000 people, and, in the local military, in the brigade, reduction was decided from 24 to 15 from nine by six, and FII (field army) and DOT (local Defence Force) were performed forming anew of.

Five divisions had 11 of the brigade mentioned above.

  • The first ブルネテ armored division
  • The second Guzman L ブエノ motorization Infantry Division
  • The third マエストラスゴ mechanization Infantry Division
  • The fourth Ulu gel Mountain Division
  • The fifth ナバラ Mountain Division

Three independence corpses are as follows. Jarama parachute brigade, aerial movement brigade, カスティリーホス cavalry soldier brigade (light armor). It is 7,000 people in 9,000 people, Ceuta and Melilla in the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands. Six group and three squadrons, Special Forces (GOE and COE). The standard district structure is as follows.

In the division, it is from three brigade, two group (consisting of 12 - 18 squadrons) gunner regiment, one observer force and support people (military engineer battalion, NBC corps, convoy) two from 12,000-17,000 people again division headquarters battalion, one light armor cavalry soldier regiment.

The brigade is comprised of three or four foot soldier battalions, one gunner group and support people from 3,000-5,000 people.

I want to hold 850 tanks in those days (it will be reduced AMX-30E *299, M48A5E1 *164, M47E1 *325, M47E2 *46 to up to 794 by CFE agreement.

AMX-30E was produced under license from 1974 through 1983 in Santa Barbara national enterprise (there is the knockdown production, too). Increase armor was added to 150 cars of those as the third generation tank countermeasure of each country (explosion reaction armor) and was a plan improved in AMX-30E2 which improved a new firearms control system (the computer deployment for a laser rangefinder and the trajectory calculation), the above-mentioned point. The all-around cost was an estimate of 30 billion pesetas. More than 80% of request to depend on ZFLSG-3000 automatic transmission drive same as Leo paletot 1 (MTU-833, 840HP) were problem domestic production Hispano-Suiza HA-110 engine and expenses about the substitution of the mechanical transmission.

M47E1 and E2 took off an original gasoline engine, and they were replaced with a diesel engine. M47E2 and M48A5E1 are equipped with a 105mm gun and the night vision device was carried by night, too, but I cannot deny the obsolescence and will update these tanks elsewhere. M60A1 272 cars, M60A3 where I was, and doing it became the use abolition for the U.S. military modernization were able to import 260 cars. They updated it progressively, and M47 and M48 which finally became the use abolition were exported to Pakistan and Bolivia.

In 13 cavalry soldier regiments, 40 infantries, seven light panzer units, four armored regiments, one school and others, Spanish Foreign Legion, it was from Foreign Legion headquarters and four テルシオ, member 7,000.

21st century

I switched over from the duty draft system to an application system in 2001. As a result of reconstitution according to President staff officer order 59th, it was divided into two combat units on April 4, 2005. Approximately 95,600 people, reserve duty approximately 265,000 belong as of 2007 [1].

スペイン陸軍は大規模な改編を実施し、2006年に開始、2009年前半期に終了する。

組織

階級

日本語 Spanish 画像 NATO階級符号
士官
元帥格の陸軍大将 Capitán General
 
 OF-10
陸軍大将 General
 
 OF-9　
陸軍中将 Teniente General
 
 OF-8
陸軍少将 General de División
 
 OF-7　　
陸軍准将 General de Brigada
 
 OF-6　　
陸軍大佐 Coronel
 
 OF-5　
陸軍中佐 Teniente Coronel
 
 OF-4　
陸軍少佐 Comandante
 
 OF-3　
陸軍大尉 Capitán
 
 OF-2　
陸軍中尉 Teniente
 
 OF-1
陸軍少尉 Alférez
 
 OF-1　
少尉候補生 / 女性少尉候補生 Caballero/Dama Alférez Cadete
 
 OF-D　
学生 / 女性学生 Caballero/Dama Cadete
 
 Oficial cadete　
准士官および下士官
陸軍上級准尉 Suboficial mayor
 
 OR-9
陸軍准尉 Subteniente
 
 OR-9　
陸軍曹長 Brigada
 
 OR-8　
陸軍一等軍曹 Sargento Primero
 
 OR-7　
陸軍二等軍曹 Sargento
 
 OR-6　
陸軍上級伍長 Cabo Mayor
 
 OR-5
陸軍一等伍長 Cabo Primero
 
 OR-4
兵卒
陸軍二等伍長 Cabo
 
 OR-3
陸軍一等兵 Soldado de primera
 
 OR-2
陸軍二等兵 Soldado
 
 OR-1

兵科

スペイン陸軍の将兵は大きく4つの兵団に区分され、その内部に各兵科がおかれている。

  • 一般戦闘兵団（CGA）
    • 歩兵科
    • 騎兵科
    • 砲兵科
    • 工兵科
  • 経理兵団（CINT）
  • 理工技術兵団（CIP）
  • 特技兵団（CE）

以下は国軍共通の兵科。

  • 法務科
  • 衛生科
  • 監察科
  • 音楽科
  • 宗教科

以下は陸軍の特定部隊と機関。

  • 陸軍参謀本部
  • 陸軍士官学校
  • 陸軍下士官学校
  • 海洋中隊
  • 土着民正規兵部隊
  • 外人部隊
  • 後方支援部隊
  • 陸軍航空隊
  • 憲兵隊

装備

以下は2007時点における内容[1]。

車両

 
レオパルト2E

火砲

 
C90を構える兵士

ミサイル

航空機

 
ティーガー戦闘ヘリコプター

小火器

 
G36を装備したスペイン軍兵士

脚注

  1. ^ a b Military Balance 2007

外部リンク

「https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=スペイン陸軍&oldid=61941208」から取得

This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia The Spanish army

This article is distributed by cc-by-sa or GFDL license in accordance with the provisions of Wikipedia.

Wikipedia and Tranpedia does not guarantee the accuracy of this document. See our disclaimer for more information.

In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.

0 개의 댓글:

댓글 쓰기

피드 구독하기: 댓글 (Atom)