2017년 3월 30일 목요일

Of 乙巳 is strange

Of 乙巳 is strange

Of 乙巳 is strange
In the Edo era, it was drawn by a collaboration of Jokei Sumiyoshi, 具慶. The leaning to the left is the Emperor Kogyoku.
Tanzan-jinja Shrine possession "Tounomine omen picture scroll" (Sakurai-shi, Nara)

The board lid shrine which became the stage

A political change of the Asuka era when Prince Nakanooe, Kamatari Nakatomino and others assassinated Iruka Sogano in the Imperial Court in strange (いっしのへん, おっしのへん) of 乙巳 and destroyed Mr. Soga (Soga book head family). Prince Nakanooe renovated the system and carried out reform called the Taika Reformation afterwards. I may say "Taika Reformation" referring to the thing of the case that Iruka Sogano was murdered, but a series of political reforms performed after "乙巳 being strange" that it is a coup d'etat are "Taika Reformation" closely commonly.

Table of contents

Strange の progress of 乙巳

Arrogant of Mr. Soga

A stable door prince (Prince Shotoku) who did (April 8, 622) (we have the opinion on February 5, 29), 政 of the Imperial Court on Emperor Suiko February 22, 30 died. The person who suppressed Mr. large powerful family Soga by death of Prince Shotoku disappeared, and the self-importance of Mr. Soga became serious, and the power came to exceed the imperial family. There are "spring when arrogance of 董卓 is already a line in the country" and a description to criticize and does 政 of Iruka Sogano with tyranny [1] to rank with 董卓 in a "Mr. wisteria family lore" Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal biography concluded for (760 years) for Tenbyohoji era four years.

(June 19, 626), Umako Sogano died on Emperor Suiko May 20, 34 and the Ezo of the child changed and became a minister. I passed away without (April 15, 628), the Emperor Suiko appointing a heiress on Emperor Suiko March 7, 36.

Influential succession to the Imperial Throne incarnation had Prince Tamura and king cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain size older brother (child of Prince Shotoku). King cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain size older brother was nearer Mr. Soga for the lineage (Prince Shotoku is a blood relative of Mr. Soga, and mother of the king cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain size older brother is a younger sister of the Ezo), but the Ezo where able cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain size older brother King avoided that the upper Miyaos (family of Prince Shotoku) had power in the Throne recommended Tamura prince for the Throne in the next term. The Ezo destroys Marise Sakaibeno of the uncle recommending king cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain size older brother and forces that I let Prince Tamura succeed to the throne. This is the Emperor Jomei.

The force of Mr. Soga became popular more and more, and the powerful families did not enter a service in the Imperial Court, and it was a state to enter a service exclusively in Soga house. Because the great group prince (prince of the Emperor Bidatsu) neglected that Lord group entered a service in the Imperial Court, I proposed a bell in future to decide to let a signal enter a service, but the Ezo refused this.

(November 17, 641), the Emperor Jomei pass away on Emperor Jomei October 9, 13, and the treasure princess who was the empress wants to succeed to the throne (the Emperor Kogyoku). The self-importance of Mr. Soga became more serious.

Because a drought continued in July, 642, after letting I worshiped a Bodhisattva image and a king Four Devas image, and many priests chant sutra, and burning incense for the soul of the deceased, and praying to Kudara cathedral for rain, the Ezo slightly fell the next day, but did not fall on the next day. After the Emperor Kogyoku seeing every direction in the riverside of the south deep water in August, and praying for rain, it was a thunderstorm in a moment and continued for five days. The people called it "the highest virtue Emperor". The imperial family performs prayer competition in strength that is the qualification of the ancient monarch, and, as for this, Mr. Soga means what "the Chronicles of Japan" of the history book which was written later when the imperial family won insists on.

Because Ezo and Iruka of the child called out people of the world for the construction of their Imperial mausoleums, and the citizen of territory of the whole families of Prince Shotoku was mobilized, large daughter Himeo of the daughter of the Crown Prince grieved over this and protested the same year.

In October, 643, the Ezo did not get the permission of the Imperial Court by the reason of a disease either and I granted a purple crown to Iruka and did it with a minister and did the second son with a minister of the court official (by the reason that their grandmother is a younger sister of Moriya Mononobeno).

Extinction of the upper Miyao house

In November of the year, Iruka expected Prince ancient people size older brother who drew blood of Mr. Soga from Emperor in the next term of the Emperor Kogyoku to support you. To that end, I thought that existence of the cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain size older brother King that was influential succession to the Imperial Throne incarnation interfered. Iruka sent the army of the Toku Kose many Haji outside world ream to and let you attack the Ikaruga shrine where the king cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain size older brother lived in. In contrast, I let the king cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain size older brother defended having dozens of footmans desperately, and Haji outside world ream kill in action, but escaped to Mount Ikoma without being held. Therefore it was recommended that I fled from the three-wheeled deliverer of letters of the aide into the eastern country and made another attempt, but did not take it up when the cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain size older brother King would give people pains. The king cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain size older brother comes back to the Ikaruga temple and commits suicide with a prince. The upper Miyao house which inherited a trait or talent from Prince Shotoku by this was ruined. I grieve saying the Ezo that knew that Iruka destroyed the king cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain size older brother clan is saying "I threaten one's body".

Iruka Sogano assassination

 
Iruka Sogano tomb for the war dead and sweet oak hill (September, 2005 photography)

Kamako Nakatomino of the whole families who assumed deities of heaven and earth a job pushed forward a plan of the Mr. Soga overthrow in hatred of self-importance of Mr. Soga thickly. At first I accessed a light prince, but, as for the sickle child, the center of the coup d'etat looked for the person who could be enough without being satisfied with the looks.

A sickle child picked up that 皮鞋 of Prince Nakanooe came off in 打毬 of Hokkoji and gave it to Prince Nakanooe. This became the edge, and two people came to get close. Prince Nakanooe and the sickle child learn the teaching of the lap hole in a private school of 南淵請安, and it is said that I performed a confidential talk of the Mr. Soga overthrow in the middle of the coming and going. The sickle child drew elder, Kurayamadaishikawamaro Sogano of the Soga whole families into a comrade more and assumed the daughter a princess of Prince Nakanooe.

For 645 years, a messenger of Mitsugu Shin (-like of three countries) visited Japan from the Three Han States (Silla, Kudara, Kokuryo). The ceremony where three countries are is held in the Imperial Court, and Iruka of the minister attends by all means, too. The sickle child selects practice of the assassination as Prince Nakanooe in this as a good opportunity (said to have been the falsehood that the visit to Japan of the messenger of the Three Han States lured Iruka into "a Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal biography").

On June 12, the same year, the ceremony of the ceremony where three countries were was held, and the Emperor Kogyoku controlled a person in Daigokuden, and an ancient people size older brother prince attended on the side, and Iruka did 入朝, too. It was suspicious, and Iruka did not part with a sword day and night, but I explained to an actor (clown) and let you take off a sword. I let Prince Nakanooe gave the office responsible for the guarding of the Imperial gates an order, and a palace gate close. Ishikawa Maro read an upper letter to be presented to the throne. Prince Nakanooe hid in 殿側 with a long spear and the sickle child took the bow and arrow and lay hidden. I let 海犬養勝麻呂 carry two swords and gave 葛城稚犬養網田 it with Komaro Saekino.

Entrusted two people feared a duty to cut Iruka and I sprinkled water to a meal and swallowed it, but was a state to discharge in a moment. The sickle child scolded two people, but the child Maro and others do not appear even if Ishikawa Maro can go on reading a letter to be presented to the throne. I was covered with sweat because of too much fear from head to foot, and a voice was disturbed, and a hand shook. When Iruka who thought questioningly asked it with "why do you shake?", Ishikawa Maro answered it, "neighborhood of the Emperor was dreadful, and sweat appears".

Prince Nakanooe judged child Maro and others not to be stepped forward for fear of authority of Iruka and jumped to it by oneself. I was used that the child Maro and others jumped out and cut a head and a shoulder of Iruka. When Iruka got up in wonder, child Maro cut a single leg. Iruka fell down and I made kowtow and said to Goza of the Emperor, "please judge what crime there was to me". The Emperor asked very surprising Prince Nakanooe it. When Prince Nakanooe answered it, "Iruka destroyed the royalty and was going to take the Throne", the Emperor Kogyoku withdrew to the in the palace promptly. 稚犬養網田 killed Iruka with child Maro. Large rain fell on that day, and the garden overflowed with water. Body of Iruka was stretched out in a garden, and the cover was run with a shoji.

Extinction and Taika Reformation of the Soga book head family

The Prince ancient people size older brother ran back to I shrine (it is said that the prince spoke "person), saddlemaker (Iruka) with homicide しつ ("韓人殺鞍作臣吾心痛矣") from Chinese and Korean people (" then). Prince Nakanooe entered Hokkoji promptly and strengthened preparations for war, and princes, all the powerful families obeyed this. The Han direct の whole families of the denizen gathered for Tachi of Mr. Soga to take sides with the Ezo, but Prince Nakanooe dispatched 巨勢徳陀 and did persuasion (they convey a priest of the Prince ancient people size older brother in the Asuka temple, and there is the opinion which planned the fighting spirit loss of Mr. Soga that got rid of a flag mark) and left, and all military a large number of people of the Sogas have dispersed.

On June 13, the following day, the Ezo set Tachi on fire, and I burnt other treasured articles, and, "a description of Emperor," "a national history" committed suicide. Of these, Esaka Funeno picked out "a national history" from all over the fire and gave to Prince Nakanooe it. The Soga book grandmaster proud of 強盛 fell for many years in this way.

On June 14, the following day, the Emperor Kogyoku abdicated it to a light prince. It is the Emperor Kotoku. Prince Nakanooe was put up by the Crown Prince. Prince Nakanooe appoints Minister of the Right, Kamatari Nakatomino 内臣 in Minister of the Left, Kurayamadaishikawamaro Sogano in Uchinomaro Abe and carries out reform called "Taika Reformation" later.

I it about rhetorical flourish of the Chronicles of Japan

Reliability of "the Chronicles of Japan" was evaluated, and, until the late time during the 20th century, Taika Reformation to strangely begin of 乙巳 was understood for the image period of the Law Code system introduction of Japan. In December, 1967 from a room to the north moat of Kyo Fujiwara that what ") and a written narrow strip of wood with message were dug for 699 years in the Christian era in the 捄 country Awa review pine village □"( oneself Year of the Boar in October in the oneself Year of the Boar, and an end was touched for the county criticism fight, and was renewed on the occasion of editing as for this part of "the Chronicles of Japan" became clear [2], [3]. Opinion [whom?] to assume these rhetorical flourish by editors of the Chronicles of Japan from contradiction and the fact that an Imperial mandate, edict or decree cannot practice In late years, as for もあるが, the strange を mechanism of 乙巳 and the Taika Reformation to do having been the beginning to reach the Law Code system of coming ages, interpretation to do to tell the reform of the series until following legal codes completion without remaining again only in the leading others with a limitless virtue year is certainly strong [whom?] . In addition, the multifaceted examination by historical materials except the Chronicles of Japan is necessary about the chronological order.

Various opinions

Light prince ringleader theory

Kamatari Nakatomino, Prince Nakanooe is only some coup d'etat groups, and Mitsuo Tooyama supposes that a light prince is the strange の ringleader. I am in Namba by the reason of what the removal of the capital (Namba long shaft Toyosaki shrine) did in Uchinomaro Abe having a power base with Ishikawamaro Sogano who occupied the center of the Takanori Administration of the strange back around Namba that was the stronghold of the light prince, or there having been some kind of relationships, the again strange back [4].

Peninsula countries model theory

It is conscious of the coup d'etat of the deep water lid resurrection sentence in Kokuryo Iruka Sogano destroys king cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain size older brother, and to have planned power concentration, and there is an opinion [5] of Takashi Yoshida who was easy to be accepted by various lieges because I resembled the Queen promotion in the origin of of the imperial family center system after the internal disturbance suppression of the 毗 cloudy weather by 庾 sincerity (according to "three Historical Memoirs" descendant [supplementary explanation 1] of 少昊金天氏 of the child of Huang Ti) in strange は Silla of 乙巳 and others. Furthermore, prince, 豊璋 which the internal disturbance around the position of the Crown Prince was in the same period in Kudara, and, as a result, was removed to Japan is held hostage, and there is the opinion [6] of Yasutami Suzuki who affected the domestic politics of Japan the shock that candidate successor of Kudara is driven out under the name of a hostage, and appeared in the Imperial Court of Japan.

Reaction coup d'etat theory

A residence of Iruka Sogano was the palace gate of the valley of "the palace gate (only in the interval a corner) of the valley", and, as a result of excavation that began in 2005, the existence of barracks and the arsenal was confirmed in Asuka sweet oak hill. In addition, from the position of the residence of Emishi Sogano and the position of the Asuka temple which Mr. Soga erected, the opinion which Mr. Soga puts a defense to surround an Asuka board lid shrine, and might be going to protect the capital from a foreign enemy is started.

Tang established for 618 years gave influence to the Korean Peninsula, and Mr. Soga had a sense of impending crisis that Japan was threatened by Tang in those days. Therefore I changed diplomacy of the conventional Kudara complete devotion and regarded cooperation diplomacy as each country. In contrast, I say that the Kamatari Nakatomino and Prince Nakanooe and others conservatives taking the foreign policy line of the conventional "Kudara serious consideration" defeated Mr. Soga of "the Kaimei group". The conservatives promote diplomacy of the Kudara serious consideration after Mr. Soga overthrow, and it fails by a fight of 白村江. It is thought that so-called "Taika Reformation" was carried out afterwards [7]; [8].

Kokyoku sovereignty negation theory

I denied the life nature of the strange はこれまでの great king (the Emperor) of 乙巳 and caused abdication by the Emperor Kogyoku. It is formal objection for the sovereignty itself of the Emperor Kogyoku who gave Mr. Soga the power only for it and does Sato Nagato as well as Mr. strange は Soga of 乙巳 about the significance when equal to substantial "King homicide". But Prince Nakanooe of the ringleader was a child of the Emperor Kogyoku, and she really performed formal objection by defeating Mr. Soga of the minister, and the Emperor Kogyoku was driven into the situation that couldn't but choose abdication forcibly while I was killed.

However, Prince Nakanooe who became the Crown Prince of the Emperor Kotoku (light prince) of the next era has finally parted from the Emperor. 孝徳天皇の王権を否定したことで後継者としての正統性を喪失した中大兄皇子は、自己の皇位継承者としての正統性を確保する必要に迫られて乙巳の変において否定した筈の皇極天皇の重祚（斉明天皇）に踏み切った。 だが、排除した筈の大王（天皇）の復帰には内外から激しい反発を受け、重祚した天皇による失政もあり、重祚を進めた中大兄皇子の威信も傷つけられた。 斉明天皇の崩御後に群臣の支持を得られなかった中大兄皇子は百済救援を優先させるとともに群臣の信頼を回復させるための時間が必要であったため、自身の即位を遅らせたというのである[9]。

関連作品

ドラマ
漫画
小説

脚注

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ 後漢末の董卓は、皇帝であった劉弁（少帝）を廃し、その弟の劉協（献帝）を即位させ、朝政を牛耳ったとされる。
  2. ^ 木下正史『藤原京―よみがえる日本最初の都城』中公新書、2003年、ISBN 4121016815、p64
  3. ^ 市大樹『飛鳥の木簡―古代史の新たな解明』中公新書、2012年、ISBN 9784121021687、p49
  4. ^ 遠山美都男『大化改新―六四五年六月の宮廷革命』中公新書　1993年
  5. ^ 吉田孝『日本の誕生』岩波書店、1997年、ISBN 4004305101
  6. ^ 鈴木靖民『日本の古代国家の形成と東アジア』吉川弘文館、2011年、ISBN 9784642024846
  7. ^ NHKスペシャル「大化改新 隠された真相 ～飛鳥発掘調査報告～」（2007年2月2日放送）
  8. ^ 『ここまで解けた！「古代史」残された謎』PHP研究所
  9. ^ 佐藤長門「七世紀における倭王権の展開過程」（初出:『国学院大学研究紀要』39号、2001年/所収:佐藤『日本古代王権の構造と展開』吉川弘文館、2009年 ISBN 978-4-642-02471-6）

註釈

  1. ^ 『三國史記』列傳 第一：金庾信 上
    金庾信　王京人也　十二世祖首露　不知何許人也　以後漢建武十八年壬寅　登龜峯 望駕洛九村　遂至其地　開國　號曰加耶　後改爲金官國　其子孫相承　至九世孫仇亥 或云仇次休　於庾信爲曾祖　羅人自謂少昊金天氏之後　故姓金　庾信碑亦云　軒轅之裔 少昊之胤　則南加耶始祖首露　與新羅同姓也
  中国語版ウィキソースに本記事に関連した原文があります。

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