The people application forces in China
The name of the People's Liberation Army corps of the People's Republic of China where the people application forces in China (ちゅうごくじんみんしがんぐん, Chinese: 中国人民志愿 军) participated in the Korean War. 彭徳懐 was in charge of the member of first commander (I hold an additional post of a political committee). I say people voluntary army, 抗美援朝義勇軍 [1].
Table of contents
Summary
Background of the dispatch
As for the Korean War that began on June 25, 1950, Korean People's Army was superior at first, but the situation reversed by the Inchon landing operation of the United Nations forces mainly composed of U.S. forces, and the United Nations forces occupied Pyongyang, and the part corps reached the line of the Yalu Jiang. The People's Republic of China which was just formed in 1949 was against direct war at first, but decides participation in a war for the approach of the United Nations forces. However, by a policy of the Soviet Union "not to escalate the Korean War", the participation in a war corps made the name of "the people application forces".
In the national defense council of war that Chou Enlai convened on July 7, 1950, the foundation of the northeastern side military-proof was decided [2] and I extracted the thirteenth corps (the 38th, the 39th, the 40th) which was a regular military unit of the People's Liberation Army and 42nd forces and organized it. On October 8, the same year, "the order about the establishment of the people application forces in China" by the Mao Zedong Central Military Commission president was promulgated, and the side military-proof was reorganized by the application forces, and 彭徳懐 was appointed by the member of commander and the political committee [3].
When even a military unit spent at first by a front included 200,000 people, a backward wait corps, I reached 1 million people. A lot of Korean corpses of old Majima (existing Jilin Yanbian Korea group self-government state) were included, too.
Participation in a war
The people application forces in China participated in the war on October 19, 1950, and U.S. Korea detoured around the mountaineering club between the valleys where the forces were by going south secretly and attacked the U.S. Korea forces from Yamagami on October 25 and appeared in the front in northern Korea suddenly. On the same day, a command post of 彭徳懐 merged with the thirteenth corps, and the association of Imperial Court headquarters was established, and Korean People's Army was placed under conduct of 朴一禹. The U.S. Korea forces which neighboring hilly areas were completely surrounded, and was made a surprise attack on suffered serious damage and started total retreat in wonder, and not only the China people application forces recaptured Pyongyang, but also they occupied Korean capital Seoul.
The people application forces in China performed the mass demonstration tactics which let soldiers rush while using special Yamaji in northern Korean Peninsula as a cover, and, for the China people application forces to approach en masse, the United Nations forces used M16 which was originally an anticraft self-propelled gun vs. sky self-propelled gun for a foot soldier ([4] that there was the story that only one of five people was given a gun, but this might misunderstand it with the Soviet Union forces not having been ready in early stage of Stalingrad battle). Furthermore, I rang charamela and a gong in the front and threatened it and gave a U.S. soldier and a Korean soldier strange fear.
Most were North Korea, and the U.S. Korea forces and the area that fought were 4-month battles in Korea the people application forces in China. The act of war of U.S. Korea dynasty three countries is it in the testimony of war crimes by the Korean War again, but does not understand the act of war by the Korean War of the people application forces in detail. The front became the agglutination state across the north latitude 38th parallel, and the people application forces were signed a truce agreement afterwards in Panmunjeom on July 27, 1953.
Truce post
The military power of the application forces at the time of the truce reached approximately 1,200,000 [5], but the truce agreement entrusted the issue of foreign military withdrawal to the later political discussion (agreement Section 60). Therefore at first I withdrew six foot soldiers forces, gunner, high-angle gunner, railroad soldier 20 division from the truce direct back behind closed doors [5] and discussed the United States and a withdrawal problem in Geneva talk to begin in addition in April, 1954. However, China announced the withdrawal of the people application forces on September 6, the same year with not leading to agreement in Geneva [6]. The withdrawal separates you for the first and second period of 1958 from 1954 through 1955 and is carried out progressively and lets withdrawal of the entire army which was stationed on October 26, 1958 complete [7]. Among approximately 21,400 captives who became a captive, approximately 14,000 people took refuge in the Republic of China (Taiwan), and remaining 7,110 people were sent back home to the own country.
There was the viewpoint to assume the damage of the people application forces in China approximately 1 million including casualties and death from an illness, a death by freezing in the Western countries (鄧小平 is an unofficial post, and, as for 1 million people killed in action of the people application forces in China, as for the person killed in action, 400,000 people and reference, Yasuo speak for Enver Hoxha for the leader of Japanese Communist Party in the official document of the Soviet Union likewise), but, according to the announcement on the People's Republic of China side, as for the damage of the application forces, the person killed in action was approximately 170,000. Eldest son of Mao Zedong, hair bank British (killed in action in P'yongan-namdo) are included in this, too. A person killed in action from Sichuan becomes best in 30,000 people by the distinction-saving [8].
I am considered to be 抗美援朝義勇軍記念日 on October 25 when the application forces fought first, and a tour to visit the people application forces site of a hard-fought battle in North Korea in the People's Republic of China is prosperous now. Plural 中国人民志願軍烈士陵園 is in North Korea and are rebuilt in Kaesong-si or Anju-si [9]. Kim Jong-un of the North Korean supreme leader goes and worships at 2013 [10] and 2015 [11], too.
In North Korea which barely secured 38th parallel and to the north by the participation in a war of the people application forces in China, I already titled it it in November, 1951 saying "it is for the last victory", and a treated 10-won stamp was published, and the soldier of Korean People's Army and the China people application forces published the 10-won stamp which memorialized returning home of the China people application forces in 1958 [12]. It was said that the mother country war of liberation victory Memorial in the Pyongyang city does not have the display about the people application forces in China [13], but a display hall exists [14]. 抗美援朝紀念館 exists in Chinese Liaoning Dandong City.
Order of battle
At the time of participation in a war order of battle [15] of (from October, 1950 to December).
Commander
- The member of commander and the political committee: 彭徳懐
- The member of vice-commander and the vice-politics committee: 鄧華
- A member of vice-commander: Hong Xuezhi
- A member of vice-commander: 韓先楚
- The chief of staff: How to solve
- Chief at political department: A company is flat
Controllerate, direct control corps
- The headquarters
- Political part
- 東北軍区後勤部前方指揮所
- First share part
- Second share part
- Third share part
- Fourth share part
- The gunner headquarters
- Rev. gunner first
- Rev. gunner second
- Rev. gunner eighth
- Rev. railroad soldier first
- Process soldier command post
- Fourth group
- Fifth group
- Sixth group
- Eighth group
Military unit
- 38th forces - military long beam interest first politics committee Liu Nishimoto
- 39th forces - military long Kure sincerity spring, 政治委員徐斌洲
- Rev. 115th
- Rev. 116th
- Rev. 117th
- 40th forces - 軍長温玉成, 政治委員袁昇平
- Rev. 118th
- Rev. 119th
- Rev. 120th
- 42nd forces - 軍長呉瑞林, 政治委員周彪
- Rev. 124th
- Rev. 125th
- Rev. 126th
- 50th forces - 軍長曽沢生, 政治委員徐文烈
- Rev. 148th
- Rev. 149th
- Rev. 150th
- 66th forces - 軍長肖新槐, king political committee purple peak
- Rev. 196th
- Rev. 197th
- Rev. 198th
- The member of the ninth corps - commander and political committee Soong time ring
- 20th forces - 軍長兼政治委員張翼翔
- Rev. 58th
- Rev. 59th
- Rev. 60th
- Rev. 89th
- 26th forces - 軍長兼政治委員張仁初
- Rev. 76th
- Rev. 77th
- Rev. 78th
- Rev. 88th
- 27th forces - 軍長彭徳清, the political committee Hiroshi Liu sky
- 20th forces - 軍長兼政治委員張翼翔
Allied documents
- Leaf rain ignorance "Korean War participation in a war historical secrets same content Tachi of the country during the black snow", 1990. － I take the appearance of the documentary novel and describe discussion of the Chinese Communist Party leadership reaching the people application forces dispatch of troops to the Korean War, negotiations with Stalin, the ghastly fight in the battlefield in northern Korea. By the way, I am it from the experience that snow considers a state dyed black by the black smoke of the battle, and felt round for the first time in the present age when 彭徳懐 which participated in the Korean War forded the river of the border for the first time saying "black is snowy".
Footnote
- In the Chinese area including the ^ People's Republic of China, the American abbreviated designation is transcribed into 抗美援朝義勇軍 for "a beautiful country" not "the United States".
- ^ vermilion (1991), 80-81 pages.
- ^ vermilion (1991), 222-224 pages.
- State (a propaganda picture flows through the back of the karaoke of the war song.) of the ^ China people application forces
- ^ a b Wada (2013), page 73.
- ^ Izu, Hiraiwa (May, 1994), page 151.
- ^ Izu, Hiraiwa (May, 1994), 149-150 pages.
- People application forces patriot statistics (as for person killed in action (patriot) in the casualties of approximately 360,000 171,669 people.) of ^ 1992 in China
- ^ "remembers Mr. Liu Kumoyama, Korean people application forces hero in China". Renmin Ribao. (October 12, 2015)m September 4, 2016 reading.
- ^ "Kim Jong-un a graveyard of the people application forces patriot in China worship." Renmin Ribao. (July 31, 2013)l September 26, 2016 reading.
- The ^ "General Secretary Kim Jong-un, a grave a garland presentation of the people application forces in China." Chinese net. (July 28, 2015)l September 26, 2016 reading.
- It is ISBN 4-8035-0316-8 in ^ Yosuke Naito "Democratic People's Republic of Korea Takeuchi Bookstore new company 2001 to read with North Korean encyclopedia - stamp, and to untie"
- ^ 加藤将輝, work, Akio Nakamori, produce "North Korea trivia" Asuka new company 2004 ISBN 978-4 - 87,031-619-5
- ^ "Chinese managing director committee, 中国烈士陵訪 れ "patriot diplomacy". Joong-ang Daily News. (October 13, 2015)l November 9, 2015 reading.
- ^ 抗美援朝戦争運動戦初期 (October, 1950 solstice December)
Allied item
References
- Until "Korean War - China of Mao Zedong crosses the Yalu Jiang" Kennei Shu; Iwanami Shoten, 1991
- Hajime Izumi, Shunji Hiraiwa "power base establishment "quarterly international politics" 106th of withdrawal and Kim Il Sung of the people application forces in China", May, 1994
- Haruki Wada "North Korea contemporary history" Iwanami new book, 2013
Outside link
- 抗美援朝記念館（ChineseSimplified Chinese character）
- 解放軍報記念抗美援朝五十周年専題 (simplified Chinese character)
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