The history of Moscow
In the page of the history of Moscow, I spell the history from the Stone Age of Moscow to the present age.
The oldest evidence indicating the human life discovered on a domain of Moscow is a thing of the Stone Age.
The first to go out in documents of Moscow is 1147. Moscow at the time was a nameless town of the small state where the メリャ person who talked about メリャ word () [1] occupied the majority of inhabitants.
In 1156, Prince Yury Dolgoruky constructed the wooden wall around the city and a moat.
For 1237 through 1238, the money of Mongolian dynasty book sweat country puts the blame of a city on 消尽 and kills the inhabitants, and Moscow receives the exploitation of the sweat country afterward. In 1300, Moscow received the rule by son ダニール アレクサンドロヴィチ of Alexander Nevsky. A favorable position abreast of Oka river, the Volga river contributed to the later stable expansion from the Moskva. Moscow enjoyed stability and prosperity for many years and made many refugees come near from all over Russia. After 1304, the Moscow grand duke Urey third competed against Tver grand duke Mikhail over the Vladimir grand duke digit. I finally prevented that Tver grand duke country made Ivan II the Vladimir Sioux Dali grand duke nation's capital, and it was a person of rice paid as a tax of the only tax to a Mongolian ruler. Kahn of the gold book sweat country tried that the beginning limited influence of Moscow, but when the growth of the Lithuanian grand duke country began to threaten all Russia, Kahn strengthened Moscow to take the equilibrium with Lithuania and this did Moscow and occupied one of the cities that were the strongest in Russia.
In 1480, the Ivan third escaped from a yoke of Tatary through the confrontment () of the ウグラ banks of a river, and, in Moscow, it was in the emperor nation's capital which would include all Russia, Siberia, some many other countries before long. A political adversary loses the position because of the Moscow riot () with the Moscow big fire (1547), and the Ivan fourth starts direct Imperial government. By Russia Crimean War () to be started from リヴォニア war, Crimea Kahn country burnt down Moscow (Moscow big fire (1571) ).
In 1613, meetings of the whole country established Romanov and picked Mikhail Romanoff to a tsar. In 1712, the Romanoff dynasty fifth charges emperor Peter first transfers the capital in St. Petersburg. Moscow big fire (1752)。 In 1812, it is occupied by an expedition (mother country war) of French emperor Napoleon in Russia. The city is almost reduced to ashes by so-called scorched-earth policy and the fire in the city (Moscow big fire (1812) ). The French military stayed for more than one month, but it is withdrawn by the disorder of the peace negotiation.
In 1918, a capital function is transferred from Petrograd by the Soviet Union. It is established formally as a capital in 1922 and becomes the capital of Soviet Union and Russia S.S.R. (the current Russian Federation) again.
In October, 1941, German Central Command group stopped around a city and entered into a fight of Moscow afterwards. In the end of October, the German military third division forded the Volga river and cut off a railroad for the supply between Moscow - Stalingrad and gave a strong blow to the Soviet Union forces, but Joseph Stalin gave ゲオルギー ジューコフ an order for capital defense and repulsed it by the desperate counterattack of the Soviet Union forces. Moscow received the title of "the hero city" by this fight after the war.
After the end of the war, I showed the presence as metropolis of the Republic of Russia and the Soviet Union in the world. The Moscow Olympics were held in 1980, but it was at the height of the Cold War, and many Western countries boycotted this against invasion of the Soviet Union of the end of 1979 in Afghanistan including Japan and the United States.
In 1991, the Soviet Union collapses by President Mikhail Gorbachev resignation. Economic ruin was felt uneasy about, but is stable now as a capital of the Russian Federation which is a central nation of CIS.
Footnote
- The language that becomes extinct now of the ^ fin family of languages
Allied item
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia The history of Moscow
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