Shellfish poison

Common mussel that shellfish poison is easy to be accumulated

The by of the conch may become poison, too

The shellfish poison (I smell it) refers to poison (animal natural poison) of the shellfish with a kind of the poison (Malin toxin) which fishery products produce.

General statement

The cause of becoming it says the food poisoning symptom by the shellfish which preyed on toxic plankton of seawater including the dinoflagellate having eaten the shellfish which made poison a store, poison, and poison generally says, "I hit a shellfish". As for the toxin, the seasoning of the shellfish does not change by accumulation without detoxifying it by heating.

I cause alimentary system (diarrhea) and a neurologic poisoning symptom by eating the shellfish which became poison, and there is the example that higher than 100 died at a time (Hamanako short-necked clam shellfish poison case). If there is the outbreak of the paralytic shellfish poison, but a nervous shellfish is bad diarrheal shellfish poison in Japan, the memory loss-related shellfish poison does not have the outbreak report.

The plankton with the toxicity often occurs during a period from about April when the water temperature begins to rise to about May. Therefore, in the fisheries charge bureau of the metropolis and districts, I inspect plankton and the shellfish of seawater from a winter end and I inspect poisonous quantity and check security. When poisonous power per 1 gram of edible part becomes than paralytic shellfish poison 4 MU, diarrheal shellfish poison 0.05 MU, as for the standard value, shipment stop measures are done [¹]. These measures are canceled by metabolism of shellfish oneself if they have inspection evidence of that shellfish poison disappeared. When poisoning does not come to the front by the self-collection such as the clamming, there is it.

The speed of the poisonous "easy accumulation" and "excretion" (metabolism) varies according to the kind of the shellfish. In other words, even if equivalence is from a sea area, poison changes a period of becoming it by a shellfish and may not wake you up when I wake up poisoning [²]. As for the scallop, the common mussel, becoming it relatively has a series of poison for a long term, and the persimmon is a short term.

Kind of the shellfish poison

Diarrheal shellfish poison

Diarrheal shellfish poison (DSP: Diarrheic Shellfish Poison)

For the toxicity: I stop at okadaic acid (okadaic acid, OA), ディノフィシストキシン (dinophysistoxin, DTX), ペクテノトキシン group (PTX)^[3], the イエッソトキシン (YTX) group.
It is bad and is the cause: The Dinophysis genus (D. acuminata, D. fortii, D. norvegica, D. acuta) of, dinoflagellate is considered to be a cause creature, but D. cuminata which does not detect a diarrheal shellfish poison ingredient may be collected. Furthermore, it is reported that there is not an equilateral correlation, and, in quantity of outbreak and a poisonous quantity level of the Dinophysis genus, the existence of the cause creature except the Dinophysis genus is suggested [⁴].
A causative shellfish: A scallop, a common mussel, a short-necked clam, a hen clam (ホッキ) take place with most bivalves. The toxic share is accumulated to the midgut gland.
A poisoning symptom: It is bad and develops by eating of the shellfish. For a food poisoning symptom of the alimentary system, I cause intense diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, but am not fatal. The low-concentrated chronic toxicity when I continued taking it in of the degree not to cause a diarrhea symptom is unknown [⁵]. In DTX, carcinogenicity is suggested [⁴].

Paralytic shellfish poison

Chemical formula of テトロドトキシ

Paralytic shellfish poison (PSP: Paralytic Shellfish Poison)

For the toxicity: It depends on saxitoxin (saxitoxin, STX), tetrodotoxin (tetrodotoxin, TTX), gonyautoxin (gonyautoxin, GTX).
It is bad and is the cause: Protogonyaulax tamarensis ,Protogonyaulax catenell^a[6], Alexandrium tamarense of, dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum, Vibrio alginolyticus of the Vibrio.
A causative shellfish: Other than a scallop, a short-necked clam, a persimmon, a common mussel, Hira Astragalus root, a noble scallop, Hypericum patulum, a shellfish マボヤ. The accumulation part for the toxicity varies according to the kind of the shellfish and is accumulated to the midgut gland with many kinds, but the Hypericum patulum makes the muscle poison. If it becomes about time when it in the summer every year, in Hokkaido, a cultured scallop becomes poison. Poisoning with the tetrodotoxin same as globefish poison is reported in carnivorous conch Hypericum patulum Nassarius (Alectrion) glans which I collected in Gulf of Nagasaki Tachibana [⁷].
A poisoning symptom: It is bad and develops by eating of the shellfish. It is similar to globefish poisoning and when it is the worst, the breathing paralysis is caused and results in death.
The toxicity is not lost by heating.

Nervous shellfish poison

Nervous shellfish poison (NSP: Neurotoxic Shellfish Poison)

For the toxicity: It depends on brevetoxin (Brevetoxin, BTX).
It is bad and is the cause: Boyfriend near blurring bis(Karenia brevis) of the one of the cause plankton toxic dinoflagellate of the red tide. I occur frequently in Florida, New Zealand, the Gulf of Mexico, and a wide range of fishery products which ate toxic plankton have the toxicity.
A causative shellfish: As for persimmon, the razor shell,
A poisoning symptom: It is bad and develops by eating of the shellfish. Symptoms such as the buccal burning sensation, flushing, failure of muscular coordination are caused.

Memory loss-related shellfish poison

Chemical formula of the doe Moi acid

Memory loss-related shellfish poison (ASP: Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning)

For the toxicity: I stop by in the kind doe Moi acid of the amino acid. The Hana willow of the Rhodophyta inhabiting the South-West Islands has poison.
A causative shellfish: As for the common mussels,
A poisoning symptom: It is bad and develops by eating of the shellfish. A sea lion is destroyed other than a food poisoning symptom of the alimentary system by the abnormal excitement of the brain cell and I cause memory loss in the worst case and result in death. For from November to December in 1,987, poisoning occurs in a Canadian east bank.

The that it is caused by an injury

The toxic share depends on conotoxin (conotoxin). Is bad; the cause dinoflagellate (Gymnodinium breve).
A causative shellfish: It is the poison which a cone shell inhabiting the warm sea area has.
A poisoning symptom: It develops by the injury (stab) due to the cone shell. The paralysis of the whole body. There is a death example. I do not have the food poisoning even if I eat if I heat up.
It is used as a pain-killer.

addicted to a conch (spiral shellfish)

The toxic share tetramine
A causative shellfish: It is caused by the tetramine toxin included in salivary glands such as conch (spiral shellfish) Neptunea arthritica fellow or エゾボラモドキ of the whelk department [⁸].
A poisoning symptom: Sight abnormality, dizziness
The toxicity is not lost by heating.

Therapeutic method

The specific therapies such as serum or the antidote are not established. Gastric irrigation and artificial respiration are performed as a symptomatic treatment.