Nephron
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| Nephron | |
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 Renal tubular schematic view | |
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| English | Nephron |
The nephron (nephron: nephron) is the basic functional unit of the kidney and is renal corpuscle and one subsequent renal tubule.
In the case of a human being, 2 million in the kidney of right and left exist and it is each nephron and filters it and reabsorbs it, and secretion, concentration are performed, and original urine is made. It is located in the cortex part of the kidney.
Table of contents
Structure
One afferent arteriole is in the renal corpuscle, and one efferent arteriole appears. The afferent arteriole which was in the renal corpuscle branches it and becomes the capillary and makes a lump. A glomerulus means this lump. One of them attracts the capillaries forming a glomerulus again and it becomes the efferent arteriole and leaves from the renal corpuscle. The glomerulus is given with Bowman capsule, and one renal tubule appears from Bowman capsule. The renal tubule does a lower line toward the renal medulla from renal cortex and calls this part proximal tubule. The renal tubule becomes narrow, and it makes a U-turn, and an upper line assumes that I arrive at renal medulla toward the cortex again. I call this part making a U-turn ヘンレループ. When I just do an upper line and arrive at cortex, the renal tubule contacts with efferent arteriole (I cross and do not anastomose it). This contacting part is called a glomerulus proximity device. The renal tubule which passed through a glomerulus proximity device is called a distal tubule. The distal tubule gathers in pattern each other again to the direction of the medulla in lower before leaving and it becomes the collecting duct and penetrates renal medulla and opens to renal pelvis.
Menstruation
Only a plasma ingredient and an internal toxin are filtered and flow out to Bowman capsule in 網細血管 constituting a glomerulus without leaking, and the protein of a blood corpuscle ingredient and the large mass appearing. The blood component which leak, and did not appear becomes one efferent arteriole again and appears from renal corpuscle. On the other hand, the toxins filtered in a glomerulus are caught with Bowman capsule and stream down a renal tubule. I reabsorb water and the nourishment which flowed out of a glomerulus in the renal tubule wall and excrete the toxin which I was not able to filter more and make original urine. In the glomerulus proximity device, I transmit information such as quantity of water or the toxin density of original urine to efferent arteriole. The efferent arteriole which caught this secretes a hormone (renin) regulating blood pressure and regulates the bloodstream to kidney.
Acid base equilibrium
Adjustment of the acid base equilibrium in the renal tubule.
- The reabsorption of the hydrogen carbonate ion is performed with the proximal tubule and suffers from proximal tubule-related acidosis when this is spoiled.
- The excretion of the hydrogen ion is carried out with the distal tubule and suffers from distal tubule-related acidosis when this is spoiled. Because the pump excreting a hydrogen ion with a distal tubule is activated by mineralocorticoid, I suffer from distal tubule-related acidosis when mineralocorticoid action decreases. High potassium type renal tubule-related acidosis means this in particular.
Allied item
- Renal corpuscle (Malpighian body)
- Glomerulus
- Bowman capsule (glomerulus sac)
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Nephron
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