2017년 3월 23일 목요일

Bril

Bril

Brill mark of the journal box lid
Brill-21E form cart of the Yokohama streetcar preservation building

Bril (J.G. Brill and Company) is a railroad carriage, the bus vehicle maker which there was ever in the United States of America.

It produced a vehicle, carts for streetcar, inter-Urban and put the head office, the factory in Pennsylvania Philadelphia mainly.

Table of contents

History

In 1868, it is founded as a passenger car maker for the horse tramway by Jon George Bril (John George Brill). I purchased several railroad carriage makers in the 1900s and extended a business scale and grew up in the company the America's biggest for a streetcar vehicle and a train maker for inter-Urban. I found a factory in Paris in 1912 and step forward to the U.S. foreign territory.

The capital spending is necessary, but be superior to a technique of the die forging suitable for a mass production, and a change of the wheelbase including the "27MCB" series which continued being done keeps the characteristic of the die forging product to be easy alive, and a celebration meets a demand of the customer because of a bestseller in history record-breaking for ニ axis single cart and superior ride comfort as "21E" where it is, and a dead copy was born all over the world and high speed train (general railroad) business for a long time and is known by having supplied the affiliation cart of various dimensions, specifications to the world in large quantities. In addition, on the other hand, it develops the ニ step spring constant-type bolster spring mechanism that enabled the coexistence of the element to disagree with called increase of the load to call itself mechanism equivalent to current ボルスタアンカー called the trunnion and グラディエート spring-resistant and the improvement of the ride comfort and the wobble prevention mechanism of the shaking pillow carrying an opponent out of the ring link which calls itself a ball hanger, and it is known to performance and improvement of the ride comfort even to have been eager.

I was purchased in 1926 by American car fund Lee (en:American Car and Foundry Company), but continued producing a railroad carriage, buses in the name of J.G. Bril sequentially. However, because the demand for railroad carriage decreased, the number of the production decreased, and the factory of each place was closed sequentially after the 1930s by progress of the motorization, too. Production released streamlined streetcar vehicle "Bril liner" (Brilliner) similar to the PCC car delivered to each place in the United States in those days in the same age middle originally, but the order finished the production of a railroad carriage, the streetcar vehicle in comparison with a PCC car in 1941 without showing it and discontinued my business in 1944.

New company "American car fund Lee = Bril" (American Car and Foundry Company-Brill, ACF-Brill) was established after a business closing immediately and continued producing buses, but a factory of Philadelphia was closed in 1954, and the company became extinct.

The vehicle which produced by a business closing from the establishment of a business of approximately 45,000 (including the bus).

Chronological table

Main product

Railroad carriage
  • The streetcar vehicle which is available for a change of the Bril convertible car (Brill Convertible Car) - sealing up form, opening form
  • Bril cicada convertible car (Brill Semi-Convertible Car)
  • Bril Highway conjunction car (Brill High-speed Articulated Cars) - conjunction car
  • Vehicle of the bullet shape using the Bril Brett (Brill Bullet) - curved surface glass
  • Streetcar vehicle of the Bril liner (Brilliner) - streamline
Bus
  • C-36 - public route bus use
  • Bus use between IC-41 - cities
  • Twin coach (Twin Coach)

Export to Japan

From the early 1900s through about 1930, I perform much export to Japan. The example which I exported to Japan as a finished product of the railroad carriages is only Kyushu railroad Bril passenger car (a popular name "a certain train"), but, as for the cart, "76E" "77E" for the streetcar bogie delivers "27MCB" for the electric railroad vehicle to a private railroad of each place of the whole country and the government streetcar company "21E" for the streetcar motorcycle. The train at the time of the opening of business of the Kyoto electric railroad which was a train for the first Japanese business used cart (21B) made of Bril mainly.

There is a used thing in the cart made of Bril delivered for Japan now (2016) in 2016.

Railroad carriage

Delivery only for carts

I write down the main form using the cart made of Bril below. Other than a license product by Japan Steel Works tied up in Japan, it was produced the copy article of the product made in Bril cart by the maker companies in Japan including Sumitomo Metal Industries and Nippon Sharyo, Ltd. without permission a lot, and, in 76E, 77E for the streetcar, the production of the copy article continued in a thing until the Pacific War.

21E

ニ axis single cart。 (photograph) [1]

22E

Make the ニ axis bogey cart that is the first among Bril Corporation; and the first maximum traction cart. It is kind of the bolus Thales cart which does not have a heart plate. (photograph) [2]

  • Kyoto Tsu Electric orbit 1 form train
  • Osaka streetcar 501 form train

27G

An axis spring type 2 axis bogey cart belonging to the balance spring which locates a stack leaf spring parallel to a track, and supports a pillow beam and the heart plate which did it. I possessed a cart limit made of cast steel, and only 27G-1 for Hanshin Electric Railway was imported into Japan.

27G-1
  • Hanshin Electric Railway 1 form train

27GE

An axis spring type 2 axis bogey cart of the normal structure having a heart plate. In an improved model of 27G, I changed the cart frame to forging.

27GE-1 (photograph) [3]

27E

The twin bogey cart which was designed for high-speed trains as a higher model of 27GE. I abolished a balance spring of 27G/27GE origin and hung a beam arranged parallel to a track from a cart frame, and it was structure to pick up a bolster spring on this top, and to support a lower shaking pillow.

27E-1
27E-1 1/2
  • South seas iron HEPCO 2 form train
27E-2

27MCB

 
Bril 27MCB-2 cart (for former Ina electric railroad デ 203) which Ueda Kotsu ED25 1 attaches.
There is remodeling with the electric locomotive conversion in later years to some extent, but a trunnion and the ball hanger mechanism that are the proof of the Bril Corporation pure article are left.

A balance beam type cart for the high-speed train designed according to a standard of Master Car-Builders Association. The model number MCB shows this, and the number of the suffix expresses the big things and small things of the wheel and axle dimensions in the ARA standard and comes to support large load so that a number is big. In addition, X referred to the end shows that even the model of the same number usually attaches large wheel and axles for load than the thing of the standard. In addition, each model of import or 1, 2, 2X, 4X produced under license was used in Japan.

27MCB-2
27MCB-4X
  • Existence only for train use high-speed with a license product of new Keihan railroad P-6 form train - Japan Steel Works. Because I remodeled it into the brakes of both alettes type later, it was the specific appearance that jumped out outside brakes てこが cart frame.

39E

A maximum traction cart version of 27GE.

  • Osaka streetcar 601 form train
39E-2

76E

The twin bogey cart for the low floor car. With 77E and sisters model, a model number was sorted with difference in 主電動機装架位置. 76E was supplied for the route where short wheelbase was pursued in with the structure that 装架 made the main motor outside of two axles. (photograph) [4]

76E-1

77E

The twin bogey cart for the low floor car equal to the sisters model of 76E. It became the structure that 装架 made the main motor between two wheels and was adopted in a large-scale streetcar and some high speed trains.

77E-1

79E

The twin single cart for the low floor car. It became the structure that could set up air braking easily.

  • Yokohama streetcar 500 form train
  • Osaka streetcar 701 form train

Footnote

  1. ^ 21E "train machine appliance illustration" (National Diet Library digital collection)
  2. ^ 22E "train machine appliance illustration" (National Diet Library digital collection)
  3. ^ 27GE-1 "train machine appliance illustration" (National Diet Library digital collection)
  4. ^ 76E "train machine appliance illustration" (National Diet Library digital collection)

References

  • Friend company "railroad fan" July, 1962 issue (consecutive number of volumes 13)
  • Ayumi Hakodate-shi Traffic Bureau 50 years magazine editing Committee 1957 of streetcar 50 years
  • Streetcar 100 years Hakodate City Tram Department 2013 of Hakodate

This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Bril

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