2017년 3월 23일 목요일

40-caliber of 89 sets 12cm seven anti-aircraft guns

40-caliber of 89 sets 12cm seven anti-aircraft guns

40-caliber of 89 sets 12cm seven anti-aircraft guns
Type89 127mm.jpg
Kind Navel gun / antiaircraft gun
Original development country Japanese flag Japan
The operational history
Deployment period From February, 1932 to 1945
Deployment  The Great Japanese Empire navy
Allied war, dispute The Pacific War
History of development
Development period 1929 through 1931
The number of the production 1,306 gates
Specifications
Weight 20.3 tons (A1 type)
Number required 11 people
Cannonball Normal bullet, three sets of bullets, flare
Bullet charta full length: 970.8mm
Cannonball weight 23.00 kg
34.320 kg (ammunition parcel)
Diameter Mayor of 127mm diameter / 40-caliber
Breech Wide chain stopper type
Gun elevation -8 degrees /+90 °
Elevation speed: 12 degrees/s (in the case of human power 3 degrees/s)
Turning corner Turning speed: 6 degrees/s (in the case of human power 3 degrees/s)
Discharge speed 14/m
Muzzle velocity 720m/s
Maximum range 14,622m

The Japanese Navy does not convert a design of other 砲 into 40-caliber of 89 sets 12cm seven anti-aircraft gun [1] (one lacking in 40 こうけいはちきゅうしき 12 せんち 7 in this way) and is 砲 designed as an anti-aircraft gun from the beginning. A popular name 12.7 centimeters anti-aircraft gun. It was adopted formally (1932) on February 6 in 1932.

Table of contents

Summary

The Japanese Navy deployed 45-caliber of decades type 12cm anti-aircraft gun when 改設計 did an expression 12cm gun as an antiaircraft gun (so-called anti-aircraft gun) as an anticraft weapon for 45-caliber of three years. But I will develop 砲 which I designed as an anti-aircraft gun (antiaircraft gun) because it was expected that performance lack produces the decade ceremony that was not designed as the development and an antiaircraft gun of the planes.

In a design

  • I do discharge speed very much. I aimed for 14 a minute per 1 gate.
  • I increase the power of the bullet. I increased a diameter 0.7cm than an existing 12cm anti-aircraft gun and let a damage radius spread.
  • I hold below down the weight of the ammunition parcel 35 kg. To hold down that discharge speed decreases by physical strength consumption of the gun crew.
  • The naval gun mount is lightweighted if possible and gives movement speed. The elevation speed became 12 degrees/s.
  • The fuse assumes it automatic mediation. Because this suppresses the drop of the discharge speed, too.

とされた.

As for the breechblock, it was called a fast wide chain of the closedown speed that a stopper-type. All the anti-aircraft guns developed afterward in the Japanese Navy adopt this breechblock method.

A design was started in (1929) in 1929, and the first unit was completed in (1931) in 1931 and was done regulation adoption [1] with 40-caliber of 89 sets 12cm seven multi-launching Takatsuno naval gun mounts in February in the next year.

Evaluation

Because discharge speed greatly has good operation characteristics from what can fire up to 14 a minute (the example which I fired 20 at is reported), and the hit precision was high, the use results are good, and it is a common view that got the evaluation that is high in not only the anti-air warfare but also the anti-warship battle. I am asked about the voice whether "you did not use this 砲 for as a for two uses gun more positively why" by the person concerned at the time.

But this opinion is included in the evaluation that I saw from the back year, and the evaluation changes when I see it item by item.
At first it is pointed out that I cannot cope with a fact, a high speed machine without being about the same, and it having possibilities to be said that drivenness is better than a type on the number with a catalogue level of 12.7 centimeters of 50-caliber of three years expressions gun that the drivenness including elevation speed and the turning speed was used as the main battery of the destroyer widely for three years (later description include it).
The shooting speed becomes able to fire up to 14 a minute on the catalogue, but it is written down in "the gunnery annual report" of (1933) with "very good 砲 to be able to shoot with 12 a minute if I train you" in 1933, and, according to the results of the anticraft practice carried out in (1939) in 1939, the book gun is reported with the which should be able to fire seven or eight for one minute. It is a state of gun elevation 30 degrees that can show the biggest shooting speed, and they are even no longer less than it, and the shooting speed seemed to decrease, and gun elevation seems to be hard to say partly because it was designed as the long-distance antiaircraft gun which assumed the repulse of the torpedo bomber the principal objective to have been able to show the shooting speed of the catalogue level street in the actual fighting [2].
Besides, the time fuze of the book gun was mediated at the time of the loading automatically, but the development of this mediation device ran into difficulties [2]. An error did not fit into the tolerance level (+-0.2 second) at first, and it was said that stable precision came to finally appear by another view in (1935) in 1935, but I seemed to be troubled to up to 1,939 age by this problem when it was touched about an error of 信管調定機 by practice in 1939 and considered this.


Because a book gun is the antiaircraft gun that it is possible for the anti-warship battle than 12.7 centimeters of expressions gun having been for the anticraft anti-warship which I cannot shoot virtually for 50-caliber of three years even if I stand on it, it is a fact that have the ability as the for two uses gun. However, there are both the other countries and the aspect not to be able to tell to have appreciated a for two uses gun.

I will prove a battleship for an example, but even the battleship which Buddha German Italy constructed for a Yamato type and the same period does choice to isolate a secondary gun and an anti-aircraft gun not a for two uses gun. In the France Navy in particular, I adopted a for two uses gun with Dunkerque grade once, but the fact to separate from a judgment of the lack of ability to an anti-aircraft gun and a secondary gun with next Richelieu grade as both a straight-shooting gun and an antiaircraft gun as for the for two uses gun again is not recognized too much. Besides, the for two uses gun of the King George V grade battleship was a flattery-related problem of the loading mechanism shop gun, and ability of the anticraft shooting had a problem that it was low with a dive-bomber without it having possibilities to be said that blaze speed was fast because coping was difficult and did a cannonball heavily in order to find heat of the anti-warship battle while being a for two uses gun. In addition, when I think as anti-warship use, it has a too short effective range, and, as for the for two uses gun mounted with the U.S. battleship after the North Carolina grade (MK.28 5 inches for two uses gun), there is the possibility that I cannot prevent the falling of a thunderbolt of the destroyer a lot and has it pointed out with lack of ability [3]. Battleship Washington and South Dakota equipped with 同砲 intercepted Japanese military mine squadron by the third Solomon sea fight, but they attacked and sank destroyer Ayanami and fail in the check of the mine squadron and permit the falling of a thunderbolt.

Actually, it is (1944) in 1944, and the report such as follows is done by the Yamato which is a Leyte offing sea fight participation warship in confrontation with the severe aviation attack of U.S. forces [2].

  • Because "砲 is too heavy the correspondence to a high-speed plane insufficiency" (because 砲重量 is heavy, and turning speed is slow, I cannot follow the aim for the high-speed plane) of the thing which is satisfied with a range and power of 砲
  • "I want you to build more things of ten high (the long 10cm anti-aircraft gun which you adopted by an Akizuki type destroyer) degree approximately two both the port side and the right sides if you can do it"
  • Discharge speed cannot form a barrage late

Therefore, it was the replacement from the Yamato to a long 10 centimeters anti-aircraft gun adopted on an Akizuki type destroyer over and over again, or some said that I requested enlargement, but did not realize it. But I equip it with the thing which measures include the output of the motor by the pine type destroyer, and raised turning speed.

When I am based on the above-mentioned thing, the for two uses gun that there is the anticraft shooting in comparison with the straight-shooting gun that anticraft shooting is not possible virtually is seen reasonably. If turning speed is about the same when I make much of an anti-warship battle to the last only for the Japanese Navy, it is not unnatural at all to have used a type for three years when I am stronger in an anti-warship battle than a book gun. In addition, there is a reason why the navy and the war vessel which I did not adopt exist.

But there were not being the secondary gun of the battleship in the actual fighting, but there not being a success example of "overthrowing [4] by hostile craft even if it is the main battery of a cruiser and the destroyer (straight-shooting gun) before shooting a torpedo" and the thing that those superiority is proved in a mine squadron check without it having possibilities to be said that it was said "apraxia and sinking [5] of the partner warship by the bombardment" well. However, this is analysis when I saw it from the present, and, as for "not having utilized the book gun which the Japanese Navy can apply as a for two uses gun positively, as for the failure" and the one judging, it may be said with the afterwit.

Form

Multi-launching naval gun mount

A1 type
Early development type
A1 型改 1
重巡洋艦用. I keep it off, and a shield is with a wave
A1 型改 2
Carrier use. With sootproof shield
A1 型改 3
Yamato type battleship use. I keep it off, and a shield is with a bomb blast
A2 type
It is for mass production
A3 type
Change of the sighting device
A4 type
Change of the sighting device
B1 type
Pine type destroyer second gun use. I strengthen a motor to 15kW from 10kW, and turning, elevation speed soars.
B2 type
Warship use mounted with a high-angle device

単装砲架

B1 型改 4
Pine type destroyer first gun use.

Deployment vessels

Collection of images

  • Two multi-launching anti-aircraft guns were carried in foredeck of aircraft carrier "Chitose".

  • A multi-launching anti-aircraft gun of carrier "龍驤" was carried.

  • Thing without with shield and the shield produced for film locations

  • It was put on a destroyer pear (単装砲). I photograph it in Naval Academy.

  • I photograph the following from the front.

Footnote

  1. ^ a b February 6, 1932 date Navy inner law soldier sixth. It is not 40-caliber.
  2. 78-82 pages of ^ a b c Akimoto
  3. ^ Akimoto 134p
  4. Because a torpedo is shot by the torpedo tube which was not injured although Ayanami of the ^ third Solomon sea fight gave a dead shot before torpedo discharge, and the U.S. side suffers damage by the torpedo, it is hard to say to have succeeded in interception.
  5. A bombardment war occurred by the Surabaya offing sea fight if they assumed it a ^ example, but there were few both sides, dead shots by the bombardment, and most of the war vessels attacked and sunk by this sea fight depended on a torpedo.

References

  • For Yasufumi Kunimoto "40-caliber 89 sets 12.7 centimeters anti-aircraft gun" history group Pacific history of a war series Vol.47 pine type destroyer, Gakken, 2,003 years, it is p119-127 ISBN 4-05-603251-3
  • For Suzuki example tree "対空兵装 circle special No4 重巡鳥海, Maya after the remodeling of 重巡摩耶", tide Publishing, 1,976 years, it is p36-37
  • 1, Kawafuji, Hase "carrier grand prix publication of warship mechanism illustrated book - Japan", 1997 ISBN 4-87687-184-1
  • History of navy gunnery publication society "history of navy gunnery" 1975 article not for sale
  • Kenji Akimoto with "battleship Yamato, Musashi mechanism battle record" existing vicarious writing hall, 2008 ISBN 978-4-7684-6976-7

Allied item

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