National overall development plan
It is a general and basic plan about the use, the development of the Japanese country and the maintenance, and the national overall development plan (ぜんこくそうごうかいはつけいかく) directs a house, a city, the way of the maintenance of the social capital of road or other traffic bases in the long term. Based on the multiple purpose development of the land method, the Prime Minister is devised after the survey by country council deliberation to hear an opinion of the head of the administration concerned.
When what was devised for a certain balance development between areas soon in (1962) in 1962 merely calls it with "whole country synthesis development program" (abbreviated to All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ぜんそう)) because there is an abbreviated designation in the subsequent overall development plan by primary whole country overall development plan each, I may point to the primary plan. In this case I abbreviate it to one All-China Federation of Trade Unions (いちぜんそう).
A plan for the fifth was devised, but the aim and plan item changed in response to the request of the times by a primary plan so far in the beginning. The history of the national overall development is the history of the change of the local policy of the country. （New All-China Federation of Trade Unions、Three All-China Federation of Trade Unions、Four All-China Federation of Trade Unions、Five All-China Federation of Trade Unions）
In addition, drastic to country formation plan law the multiple purpose development of the land method in 2005; is revised, and, in substitution for a past national overall development plan, will devise a country formation plan newly.
Table of contents
Summary of the first whole country overall development plan
- It is October 5 (1962) for 1,962 years at development time
- The development Economic Planning Agency
- Aim annual 1970 (1970)
- Basic aim
A certain balance development between areas
- Development method
Base development method
- Times setting
- Shift to rapid economic growth
- Excessive urban area problem、Income gapの expansion
- Income doubling plan（Pacific beltZone design)
Background of the development
The multiple purpose development of the land law that was the grounds method of the national overall development plan (All-China Federation of Trade Unions) was established in (1950) in 1950, but an important point was put for development, the promotion of the particular area overall development plan exclusively at that time. The design for the whole country where it was like "national general development program" did not last.
On the other hand, feeling of the need of the "synthesis"-like development program for the "whole country" "Japanese Islands" that did not stay in the particular area increased because Japanese economy went from "revival" to "the growth" triggered by emergency demand by the Korean War.
"The design (plan) of the overall development" was announced in (1954) in 1954 by the economic deliberation agency Planning Department while I did it this way. It was made for placing it as "the national general development program" based on the multiple purpose development of the land method and was general long term project to assume aim annual (1965) in 1965. In addition, the announced "design" was handling with the document of the Planning Department of the economic deliberation agency to the last, but was able to describe it as the first "synthesis plan" in Japan; is done.
The phrase which was famous in (1955) "was not after the war anymore," but became the vogue word for 1,955 years.
The Ikeda Cabinet devises "a national income doubling plan" (1960) in 1960. This plan gave off the impression that "income doubling" was strong, but "Pacific coastal zone design" was proposed in this. This made much of the industrial development of the Pacific belt area, but, on the other hand, received the strong criticism from other areas.
How you corrected deflection of the local distribution of such a public works spending was the important point of the local policy at the time. An industrial appropriate placement design was shown (1961) from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in June 1961, and aimed for planning the balance development that there was between areas in July, the following day; was done cabinet agreement the draft of "the synthesis development program formally (1962) nationwide" on October 5 in cabinet agreement, 1962 [1].
It depends on the National Land Agency as things mentioned above.
Development method
By the national overall development plan as problems of our country economy,
- Profit of the accumulation becoming light, and coming to produce an evil of the crowd by the excessive concentration of the company,
- You cause the regional uneven distribution of the resources such as capital, labor, the technique by the concentration of the company to the particular area and obstruct accumulation of the external economy in other area, and it involves it, and blunt economic activities, and bring urbanization, stagnation of the industrialization
I gave を.
The big factor that these problems produced proposed the need of the dispersion industrial as the method of settlement saying that there was it for deflection of the industrial placement that was a driving force of the economic development. I proposed "a base development method" on carrying this out saying that you should do it from the high thing of the development effect intensively sequentially thinly widely.
In addition to "the underdeveloped world industry development promotion law" that has been already established as concrete means of the base development method in (1961) in 1961, I authorize 15 areas by new industrial city construction promotion law (1962 law 117th) as a new industrial city (the new product capital). 6 areas were authorized as an industrial maintenance special area (工特) by industrial maintenance particularly local maintenance promotion law (1964 law 146th).
In addition, the limit methods (in metropolitan area 1959 Kinki area 1964) such as factories are established to suppress the hyperleading others with a limitless virtue in the metropolis, and to promote the industrial base to the district.
New industrial city
- Central Hokkaido area
- Hachinohe area
- Gulf of Sendai area
- Gulf of Akita area
- Joban area
- Niigata area
- Matsumoto, Suwa area
- Toyama, Takaoka area
- Middle sea area
- South Okayama area
- Tokushima area
- Toyo area
- Oita area
- Sun, Nobeoka area
- Marine bioluminescence・Ariake・OmutaArea
Industrial maintenance special district
- Kashima area
- Gulf of east Suruga area
- Tosan River area
- Harima area
- Bingo area
- Shunan area
Evaluation
Japanese economy continued spreading in this time, and there was a benefit of the growth. A pie grew big and was able to, so to speak, say the times when everybody could find happiness. The Eisaku Sato Cabinet advocated "social development". It is about last years of this plan that evils such as congestion, depopulation, the pollution become remarkable.
Pacific coastal zone, with the goal of "industrial dispersion, some advances of "the factory zone" went ahead practically in the whole country, but almost none of is heavy and chemical industries at first, and they experience the next oil crisis, steady growth, international competition of the economy, and a scale, the employer greatly reduces it from those days. When I look back today 40 years later and see reality, subsidence of Kansai zone and Kitakyusyu is outstanding in Pacific coastal zone, and the overconcentration (Tokyo overconcentration) to the metropolitan area that is only part of the belt zone advances.
"A certain balance development" was the problem from the development those days of this plan, but is not overcome in the plan for the fifth afterward either. Rather in late years it comes to be expressed in other words with the cause of the understanding that there is unreasonableness, "the development that there is a characteristic" that I aim at "a certain balance development" uniformly.
In addition, the progress of the concrete measure did not look at the local development base afterwards although I was emphasized along with an industrial development base.
Footnote
- Background and problem Economic Planning Agency Saburo Okita - J-STAGE (July 31, 2016 reading) of the ^ whole country overall development plan
Allied item
Outside link
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