Base language

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With base language (きそうげんご British: substratum) or base word or merely base,

1. A language of the one having a low prestige in society using two languages together. It faces each other, and a language of the high one of the prestige is called superstratum, upper air word, upper air (superstratum). That when plural languages without a clear difference are used for prestige, I am in a relation of paralayer (adstratum) each other [¹].
2. Base word is not spoken and, in such language contact situation, may be replaced with upper air word. The language that is rearranged, and became extinct is called a base for the upper air word where I stayed. As a result of such substitution, influence of the base word may remain for the upper air word. Explaining the characteristic that cannot explain by the comparison method when come from some kind of bases word called a base theory, the base theory (substratum theory) [¹].

Table of contents

Example of the base language

• Gaulish in French
• Basque in Spanish
• Celtic in English

Example of the superstratum

• Gothic [²], Arabic [³] in Spanish
• Spanish in the Chamorro
• Arabic and Persian in the Hindustani
• Japanese, Korean, Chinese in the language of Vietnam
• Arabic in Persian
• Italian in the Maltese
• Old Frankish in French
• French in English
• Arabic, Persian in Turkish
• Slavic in Romanian
• Sanskrit in gong Ouida languages

Footnote

1. For ^ ^{a b c} Yoshihisa Taguchi "base" Sumio Saito, Yoshihisa Taguchi, Yoshiki Nishimura edition "clear and lucid linguistics dictionary" Sanseido, 2,015 years, it is page 43.
2. ^ Hideki Terasaki "2.7 is 46 pages on influence "Spain etymology" University place abounding in books, May 20, 2011 of Gothic". ISBN 9784475016254。
3. ^ Hideki Terasaki "3.2 is 51 pages on influence "Spain etymology" University place abounding in books, May 20, 2011 of Arabic". ISBN 9784475016254。

Allied item

• Language contact
• Mixed language
• Creole
• Association of language
• Absorbed word
• Language change

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