Wax

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When I point to one specific chemical substance in a narrow sense, the wax (ろう, wax) includes acylglycerol and higher fatty acid, the hydrocarbon indicating the property similar to this in a wide sense in practical use with the high oils and fats-formed material (wax ester) of the melting point to point to the ester with higher fatty acid and the high quality alcohol of 1 value or 2 values. In many cases, I have the melting point that is lower than the boiling point (100 degrees Celsius) of the water with a smooth solid at the room temperature softly, and gas burns well. The wax of the wide sense except the wax ester includes fat or the hydrocarbon of such a property, but I take it in the natural wax ester and show a property of the mucilage at room temperature to have you, and there is the liquid thing at room temperature like sperm whale oil, too. Generally specific gravity is smaller than acylglycerol, and the wax ester is stable chemically.

Table of contents

Summary

The wax of the wide sense is gathered mainly by the oils and fats of the animal, the oils and fats of the plant, but the paraffin pro-wax which is a hydrocarbon of the waxiness which in late years fractionates crude oil of the oil, and is provided is used mainly. The wax ester which is the wax of the narrow sense is composed chemically.

Because it was easy to treat it because it was room temperature, and the wax of the wide sense was a solid and melted at relatively low temperature when I heated up and burnt easily when I vaporized, I have been used for illumination as a candle (candle) from ancient times. Furthermore, I am used for various uses as well as a candle by flipping water or there being lubricity.

In addition, the wax is included in the meat of deep-sea fish such as the coelacanth and the equally deep sea-related sperm whale as oils and fats in the oils and fats of the animal, but because I cannot hydrolyze the wax ester in a digestive enzyme of the Homo sapiens, it might be had loose bowels when I eat these meat, and, as for escolar and the oil there Japanese bluefish of such fish, sale is prohibited in Japan by the food hygiene law. I refer to the use of the deep-sea fish # deep-sea fish.

In addition, "ろう" of the alloy to use for the joining between the metal is transcribed into "solder". I refer to こちらについてはろう 接.

Main wax, wax

I introduce the wax of the wide sense called wax in practical use here. For convenience, it is in 近現代, and "wax" of Japanese (Chinese word) appears in the Japan society with a thing derived from the animals and plants which are used from ancient times in Japan, and adjusted to Japanese culture and said with "the wax" which is a word of foreign origin derived from English in the things of the origin such as familiar thin mineral, oil with the Japanese culture from old times, but is all "wax" in English.

Plant system wax

Japan tallow (crude Japanese wax)

Goby wax

The wax which is made from fruit of the Rhus succedanea. It is included in flesh, but it is mainly the mixture with the thing included in the seed with the thing which I extracted without isolating flesh and a seed. Ball total law that it is sultry with a bamboo steamer traditionally and compresses heated fruit between the iron construction containers which iron ball and this big fall into, a solvent sampling method is used industrially in modern times. I am used for the polish of a sum candle and wooden goods.
I am produced mainly in North Kyushu and Shikoku such as Shimabara Peninsula in Japan. I was called "Japan wax" any place other than Japan and was a convincing export in Meiji, the Taisho era. Popularity revives abroad in the present of the early 21st century, but the amount of production in Japan is a course of the decrease, and the producer performing the ball total law that a particularly high quality product is provided slightly remains in Shimabara-shi, Nagasaki.
The chief ingredient of the Japan tallow is acylglycerol not wax ester chemically.

The chief ingredient is triglyceride of palmitic acid CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH.

Lacquer wax

Goby wax and the similar Japan tallow of the property are provided from fruit of the lacquer which is closely related with Rhus succedanea.
The Edo era, East Japan including Tohoku were chief producing centers, but they are pushed, and I am hardly produced in current Japan by goby wax. I refer to the lacquer.
In addition, a goby lacquer tree is a plant of the cashew family together.

The chief ingredient is goby wax and same palmitic acid glyceride.

Other plants system

Carnauba wax (カルナバ wax)

The wax which covers up the appearance of the leaf of carnauba Copernicia prunifera. It presents the luster such as the marble, but a melting point belongs to a high class with the wax composed primarily of natural wax ester very firmly most. When I relax this property, I mix beeswax with other wax and am used. I am known as a main material of a coat agent and the car wax of the tablet. The chief producing center is Brazil. The freezing point is 82 degrees Celsius.

The chief ingredient is cerotic acid millimeters sill CH₃(CH₂)₂₄COO(CH₂)₂₉CH₃ and millimeters sill alcohol.

Sugarcane low

With wax covering up the appearance of a leaf and the stem of the sugarcane, I am extracted from refuse after having squeezed sugar from a stem on the occasion of production of sugar.

The chief ingredient is beeswax and same palmitic acid millimeters sill CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COO(CH₂)₂₉CH₃

Palm wax

Having no bad smell gathered by a trunk of the Elaeis guineensis, solid wax. I am produced in Andes district particularly Colombia. The freezing point is high with 100 degrees Celsius.

The chief ingredient is a palmitic acid millimeters sill, and there are few impurities.

Candelilla wax

The wax which purifies discrete oils and fats from a stem of perception Delilah Euphorbia antisyphilitica to produce in Mexico mainly, and is provided.

Animal system wax

Beeswax (beads wax)

The wax that the beeswax secretes it from the organ called the wax gland in the abdominal sternum when a bee forms a nest. With the chief ingredient of the nest of the bee, I heat this and melt and am provided. When is refined, become unscented, but before the refinement such as the honey smell sweet. It becomes the materials of paint and cosmetics, cream, a candle, the soap. The melting point is 61-66 degrees Celsius. I include almost none of the unsaturated fatty acid. The iodine number is the lowest in 5-13 and the wax of the narrow sense.

The chief ingredient is cerotic acid CH₃(CH₂)₂₄COOH and a palmitic acid millimeters sill.

Cachalot

The remaining unscented solid wax which separated whale oil from the brain oil in the cachalot organ which the head of the sperm whale had. I was used as materials of a candle and cosmetics until a ban on the hunting of whales. It comes from misunderstanding from appearance of the brain oil to be called "spermaceti" (sperm of the whale) in English. It is representative liquid wax. The molecular weight of the fatty acid constituting wax to constitute in comparison with other wax is small (as for the saponification value 118-135), and the ratio of the unsaturated fatty acid is the lowest (as for the iodine number 3.9-9.3). The freezing point is 42-52 degrees Celsius.

The chief ingredient is palmitic acid cetyl CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COO(CH₂)₁₅CH₃

Sperm whale oil

Liquid wax included in the sperm whale head. Unlike a cachalot, the ratio of the unsaturated fatty acid is the highest for wax (iodine number 71-86). The ingredient constitution is more complicated than other wax. I include oleic acid, cetylalcohol, true acid, palmitic acid to ask for.

Cachalot (Tutsi whale oil)

The wax which is removed from the Tutsi whale. Unlike sperm whale oil, it is solid wax (freezing point -18 degrees). The molecular weight of the fatty acid is less than sperm whale oil, and the saponification value reaches 200. The constitution of the ingredient oleyl alcohol or cetylalcohol.

イボタ wax

The wax which is provided than the stick wax lump which the male larva of kind, the wart Taro insect (parasitic on a tree of the American olive department including the privet) of the scale insect grows in colonies around a branch of the privet and secreted. A melting point is high firmly. 滑 りをよくするためなど of a polish, a sliding paper-door and the shoji of wooden goods and the raw silk. I make it easy to rub it into the backside of a hanging scroll and the rolled drapery, and to wind it off and am used to help with the reproduction of the old SP record as a fine powder.

Wool wax

An unscented wax ingredient included in the lipid covering up appearance of the wool. I consist of seryl alcohol and myristic acid. The freezing point is 30-40 degrees Celsius.

Mineral-based wax

It is not the wax of the narrow sense.

Montand wax

I am made with solvent extraction than lignite. Long chain ester, free higher fatty acid, alcohol, quality of resin become the complicated composition of the chief ingredient unlike others. I am used as lubricant of plastic, an emulsifier of the car wax.

Oil-based wax

It is not the wax of the narrow sense.

Paraffin wax

A linear hydrocarbon (normal paraffin) purified by crude oil is a chief ingredient. After the 20th century, I am used in place of wax derived from the animals and plants mentioned above widely. I am separated and purified from crude oil mainly by distillation under reduced pressure distillate oil.

Microwax

I say the microcrystallin wax. It is refined as well as paraffin wax by crude oil, but a divergence hydrocarbon (isoparaffin) includes the saturated cyclic hydrocarbon with a chief ingredient. As for the microwax, a crystal is minute according to the name, and the number of carbon is a high melting point than most, too. Therefore, the use is different from paraffin wax with a different characteristic, too. I am separated and purified from crude oil mainly by 重質留分 and a residue oil of the distillation under reduced pressure distillate oil.

Synthetic wax

Hydrocarbon-based

It is not the wax of the narrow sense. I make chemical synthesis, and a hydrocarbon is made.

FT wax

I am provided from natural gas through Fischer-Tropsch process. It is used by a similar use with a straight chain-formed hydrocarbon same as paraffin wax. In addition, it is used as raw materials of GTL creating liquid fuel by natural gas.

Polyethylene wax polypropylene wax

I am made with polymerization, thermolysis of ethylene.

Other

I may name a solid thing synthetic wax at normal temperature with the thing that chemistry composed naturally derived raw materials. A part of fatty acid ester amine, the hardened oil.

Main use

• Candle
• Batik print
• Polish
• Lubricant
• Molding (models of a wax figure and the lost wax casting)

Outside link

• NIPPON SEIRO "wax Museum"

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