2017년 3월 2일 목요일

Salzburg music festival

Salzburg music festival

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Piazza del Duomo
Piazza del Duomo
フェルゼンライトシューレ
The public holidays and festival days University Theater appearance
Karajan open space
Theater for Mozart
モーツァルテウム coliseum

The music festival that the Salzburg music festival (German: Salzburger Festspiele colander spiral shellfish Luger フェストシュピーレ) is held every year in Salzburg, Austria in summer. I am known as music festival in commemoration of Mozart worldwide. Including Vienna Phil, world top orchestra, opera company, leader, soloists gather, and I also attract highest-quality attention in the world, and even a scale is one of the world's largest music festival.

In addition, mule "music festival" and one calling are originally inappropriate, but refer it to "music festival" in custom in Japan because the drama section occupies big weight from the first, and "public holidays and festival days presentation of Salzburg" means in the original again. After that, here, I refer it to "music festival" for convenience.

Table of contents

History

In Salzburg where Mozart was born, commemorative music festival was held Mozart music festival for Mozart birth 100 years in 1856 in 1842. I receive this flow, and Vienna Phil performs the first performance any place other than Vienna in 1877. Hans Richter of the leader participated in 1887, and Salzburg music festival (Salzburger Musikfest) began. This music festival that it caused stops Vienna Phil in World War I. As for the current music festival, this; is said that descend.

I am until World War II by a start

I thought about enforcement of the music festival that director Max Reinhardt led to at the present in 1917 of the last years of World War I, and the committee increased Hugo phone Hofmannsthal and others a start before long in a theater association in public holidays and festival days and was opened the first "Salzburg festival" (music festival) in 1920. This age was presentation only for drama "イェーダーマン" of Hofmannsthal of the line Hald direction, but the concert was added in 1921, too, and Mozart work came to be taken up, and the opera came to be staged in 1922, too. Richard Strauss, Walter participate positively from the early days and develop as the music festival that a leader representing Toscanini, Furtwangler, the world including Knappertsbusch participates in in sequence afterwards.

However, the Anschluss of 1938 has greatly changed a flow of the music festival. Interference for the appearance of the singer began with before and after merger, and the musician who objected to Toscanini, a Jew musician and the Nazis including Walter when it became the merger inevitability left. The music festival of 1939 was canceled with World War II outbreak on the way and was barely held while there was the interference of the Nazis in 1940, the following day, but was changed into the name called "the summer of Salzburg, music and the drama" for the reason "why German "music festival" was enough for only in Bayreuth". I placed Clemens Klaus as a musical director from 1941 and barely continued, but, as for the music festival of 1944, only mere one concert (the symphony eighth of Bruckner) by Furtwangler conduct Vienna Phil and concert once of the Schneider Kahn quartet corps, Generalprobe of the new work opera "love of Danae" of Richard Strauss were performed for the official announcement of influence and "the all-out war" of the Hitler assassination attempt case (Operation Valkyrie) just before that by the danger of the air raid. Meanwhile, Karl Bohm appears as a substitute of Walter for the first time in 1938 and will play an active part after the war as the center of the music festival until 1980 except activity self-restraint time of 1:00 period. Karajan was going to do a full-scale debut (I have commanded accompaniment of the stage) in 1938, too, but a planned opera ("The Magic Flute") to command is left out of choice, and the debut will be kept waiting until 1948.

A postwar reconstruction and Furtwangler Era

There was an air raid in Salzburg in World War II (because there was a villa of Hitler in the bell Hide's garden nearby), and houses of the Mozart relation were destroyed. U.S. forces were stationed in Salzburg in May, 1945, but the music festival will be held according to average year. I called for return of Toscanini and Walter (I stay in the United States at the time of each) and Vladimir Horowitz, the appearance of the well-known musician of the Jascha Heifetz and others United States at first through U.S. forces, but did not come true. Still I reached the first day on August 12, and "kidnapping (Felix プロハスカ conduct) from a Seraglio" was played. But I will produce the production where is different from Vienna from this time because the Vienna State Opera is destroyed by an air raid in March, and a set or clothes were not done for expectation.

New faces such as Ernest Ansermet and Ferenc Fricsay, George Szell, curl Shoo Lihit came to appear without there being a denazification trial or the influence of the exile on United States as for the all such as Furtwangler who was the center by prewar music festival, and being able to appear until 1947. I commanded each opera of "Don Giovanni" and some concerts, and, until 1954 to die when Furtwangler returned, "The Magic Flute" made an outstanding performance "the archer of the devil bullet" "marriage of Figaro" "Otello" "フィデリオ" (I cancel it because of a sudden illness in 1952). Leopold Stokowski who did a concert tour in Europe alone in 1951 merely did one appearance, and the premiere of "the love of Danae" that only Generalprobe was performed in 1944 in 1952, the following day was performed. In addition, prewar regular customer Walter returned and showed performances such as the symphony 25th or "requiem" of Mozart, and a lot of modern works came to be taken in for a program, too.

Karajan gives up "marriage of Figaro" in 1948 and achieved a full-scale debut, but there is the discord with Furtwangler, too (though I made an effort for Salzburg return in spite of being poor ability), and it will have been a long time no see for music festival until 1957 after the music festival art supervision assumption of office. In addition, a modern work came to be taken up positively from 1947, and the latest opera "death of Danton" of Gottfried phone Einem was taken up as a beginning (Klemperer → Fricsay conduct).

Emperor era

In 1956, Karajan took office as music festival art supervision (until 1960). Karajan proposed reform and new direction of the music festival in sequence and would call the orchestra except Vienna Phil from 1957, and the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra of his hand soldier appeared for music festival for the first time as the beginning. In addition, I led the construction of large theater in public holidays and festival days and was completed in 1960, and 杮 last joke was performed in "the knights of the rose" of the Karajan conduct. The theater was redecorated in 1963 in conventional public holidays and festival days. As well as Karajan, I did the position by the members who represented Joseph Kyle belt, イシュトヴァン Kertesz, a zoo bottle meter, Lorin Maazel, Claudio Abbado, James Levine, the Seiji Ozawa and others era in Boehm who appeared from prewar days at the start that it was firm. Some tickets were traded with large amount at this time by a premiere. Karajan directed the opera as well as conduct by oneself and got the success that "Boris Godunov" of 1965 had never met. In addition, Karajan began Easter music festival in 1967 in a large theater in the same public holidays and festival days (background of the Salzburg Easter music festival # foundation).

Rise of Levine was remarkable from the late 1970s, and a lot of conduct of the opera of Mozart came to be left. Other than the leader, sworn friend Luciano Pavarotti of Domingo plays the leading part in "Hoffman story" (Offenbach) in "イドメネオ" of the Levine conduct in Placido Domingo lead, 1983 of so-called "three major tenor" in 1980. In addition, Boehm who appeared for music festival for a long time until the last year on August 14, 1981 dies.

In 1983 and 1984, presentation (Karajan conduct) assumed "the knight of the rose" it with a set used at the time of the great theater completion in public holidays and festival days. "Carmen" who made Agnes Baltsa who was said to be the Carmen singer of current master of a home one in 1985 the lead was staged by conduct of Karajan, but バルツァ did not appear from a disagreement in the next year.

I it after Karajan

On July 16, 1989, Karajan who was going to command "a masked ball" of Verdi died suddenly of the music festival of this age at home. The conduct of "the masked ball" was replaced to George Solti (I play a glockenspiel in "The Magic Flute" of the Toscanini conduct of 1937) and Gustav Kuhn. The program was occupied in his main opera as memory after Mozart death for 200 years in 1991. Gerard Mortier becomes an art supervisor in 1992 and it is more modern and will reform a program. It followed that the musician who declared the insulation like Riccard Muti (beginning of 1971 appearance) who was super already conservative in one although there were a young musician, the bold appointment of the director in one and saw tentative success saying "I do not command the opera by Salzburg music festival as far as モルティエ was in general managers" started the reform. For a new face of this time, there are Roger Norrington, Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Valery Gergiev, Pierre Boulez and others. In addition, as opera of Wagner staged after an interval of 60 years in 1998, "Parsifal" was staged (Gergiev conduct).

Withdrawal disturbance of Abbado by the schedule mistake and the モルティエ resignation disturbance from a political issue arose in 2000. An art supervisor passes the baton to Peter Ruzicka in 2002. He was hit by the direction top and other common saying-like scandals and rumors while he gained constant success for a producer [1]. Ruzicka spotlighted the musical piece that the brand of "the corruption music" was pushed by Nazi before the war again and pushed on by the new direction presentation of the opera of Mozart for 2006 for Mozart birth 250 years. From the autumn of 2006, Marx ヒンターホイザー of the pianist who was specialized in contemporary music for an art supervisor Yul gene Flimm of the director who was the supervision of the drama section took office as a musical director until now.

A moving performance to Japan becoming the first overseas performance is going to be carried out virtually, and, in April, 2008, 4 performances in total are performed in Aichi art theater and festival hall (the 50th Osaka international Festival performance), Tokyo Cultural Center. The program "marriage of Figaro" by the Klaus グート direction (2006 .2007 year presentation). As for the conduct, Robin ティチアーティ (1983 London birth) which commanded presentation is in charge of "a dream of シピオーネ" in 2006 of the Mozart year. The combined team of Vienna State Opera chorus, association of Vienna comfort friend chorus, the Arnold Schoenberg chorus is in charge of Eiji of インライトゥメント orchestra, the chorus that an orchestral music is a British ancient music container orchestra.

Footnote
  1. As an uproar in the ^ direction, a naked couple appeared by the direction of "the kidnapping from a Seraglio" staged in 2003 from the beginning and presentation was on the way and was canceled after large boos on the first day. For the kind of one common saying uproar, I went up and down depending on the appearance information of Carlos Kleiber and the famous musician including Anna ネトレプコ so that the height way of rising of for the performance was abnormal (about Kleiber, there were the tail and fins which Ruzicka was negotiating zealously to command it of "the knight of the rose". In any case this topic was canceled by death of Kleiber. ) which was popularity as "Dame aux camelias" and a ticket of "the marriage of Figaro" which that she who played an active part as a talent appeared became the maximum attraction about ネトレプコ and appeared were accompanied by an abnormal premiere. Such an uproar is not a thing peculiar to the Ruzicka system, but it is a story of here these days that a scandal of the entertainment world-like uproar happens.

Mozart ear

Concerning the music festival of the Mozart birth place, opera of Mozart is staged as "model presentation" intensively in the year of the turning point. All works which included an unfinished work were staged in 2006. () is a leader.

All presentation programs are released as DVD software by universal music. I follow contents recorded in DVD here and write it down. The parenthesis (a leader.an orchestra.a release label)

    • "Marriage of Figaro" (Harnoncourt.VPO.a gramophone)
    • "Don Giovanni" (Daniel Harding.VPO.Decca)
    • "The Magic Flute" (Muti.VPO.Decca)
    • "The duty of Apollo and ヒュアキントゥス / first religious precepts" (ヴァルニッヒ.モーツァルテウム College of Music o.a gramophone)
    • "Bastian and バスティエンヌ" & "theater manager" (Elizaveta Fuchs.Salzburg ユンゲ po.a gramophone)
    • "ベトゥーリア which is saved" (Christoph ポッペン.Munich Chamber Orchestra.a gramophone)
    • "Co-the fan トゥッテ" (Manfred ホーネク.VPO.a gramophone)
    • "The kidnapping from a Seraglio" (Ivar Bolton.Salzburg モーツァルテウム orchestra.Decca)
    • "イドメネオ" (Norrington (original edition.) by the cancellation of Michael Gielen.tortoise rata Salzburg.Decca). In addition, the Richard Strauss version whom ファビオ Luigi threw over is not released for DVD, but a live board is released by ORFEO.
    • "King of the breeding of sheep" (Thomas hengel block.Balthazar = Neumann ensemble.a gramophone)
    • "A dream of シピオーネ" (Robin ティチアーティ.Carinthia symphony orchestra.a gramophone)
    • "A false cultivating flowers woman" (Bolton.Salzburg モーツァルテウム o.a gramophone)
    • "ルッチオ シルラ" (Thomas nito pill.feh Nietzsche Opera orchestra.a gramophone)
    • "King ミトリダーテ of ポント" (Marc Minkowski.the レ ミュジシャン デュ Louvre.Decca)
    • "ツァイーデ / アダマ" ("アダマ" composes ハヤ チェルノヴィン) (Bolton.Salzburg モーツァルテウム o.a gramophone)
    • "A baby bird of wandering - みてくれの 馬鹿娘 / coaxed bridegroom / Cairo" (ホーフシュタッテー.tortoise rata Salzburg.a gramophone)
    • "Ass Canio of the Aruba Island" (Fischer.Mannheim Opera orchestra.a gramophone)
    • "Mercy of emperor ティート" (only this TDK )※ DVD is presentation in 2003 Harnoncourt, but direction at this time and direction in 2006 and the conduct are the same.

References

  • In Mutsumi Yamazaki "Salzburg music festival" Ongaku no tomo sha corp., 1986 40 pages - 48 pages (describe it from a start to a thing of the last years of Karajan Era)
  • Stephen Gallup "social history Salzburg festival Tomoko Kido of the music festival", Toshio Ogiso reason, law and politics university press, 1993.
  • Minoru Okamoto "great project - Mozart 22DVD series "Klassik 2006.12 Vol.16" universal music Co., Ltd. classical music part, 2006 that Salzburg music festival took the prestige and faced".

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