Power takeoff
The power take off (British: Power take-off) is mechanism to pick up engine power for the vehicle drive for the drive of the work machine. I am called power takeoff or merely PTO. There is a thing not to be proportional to that I am employed by a farm tractor, a tractor, a dump truck for the farming, the pump Carr such as the fire engine and am proportional to engine number of revolutions depending on a use. But I do not call the thing of the belt drive PTO like a compressor and an alternator for the air conditioning.
Table of contents
Risk
The PTO shaft (universal joint) connected to PTO axis and it is a danger factor to be common to the agriculture beginning and the industry doing it. According to the American safe council (NSC), it was the cause that 6% affected PTO among the dead people with the tractor in the United States in 1997. When even the just small one flake of clothes contacts a reel, I am easily rolled up. It leads to the cutting of a hand and the foot or a fatal accident by clothes being rolled up.
On April 13, 2009, mark フィドリッチ of former major leaguer died by an accident by PTO during work at a home farm. When a friend discovered him, he works under a large dump truck, and a lawyer starts a statement saying "clothes were rolled up in the PTO shaft of the truck operating as for him.".
Some work machine comprises a protective cover made of resin to prevent that a worker is rolled up in PTO shaft, but there is a point to warn when I attach PTO shaft to a tractor and a truck. This is because it is illegal in some countries to use in a state without the protective cover of the shaft. The protective cover covers up the whole PTO shaft through a bearing or a sleeve and prevents the accident that I am fixed, and a worker is rolled up in PTO shaft by a chain.
History
The experimental power takeoff device had been already tried in 1878, but International Harvester Company (following, IHC) produced a tractor equipped with first PTO in 1918. An option set the equipment for PTO on a company's tractor from 15 to 30HP, and, in 1920, IHC became the tractor equipped with first PTO sent to the Nebraska tractor experiment station (Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory).
The first PTO standard norm was adopted in April, 1927 by agriculture industry society (ASAE) in America. The number of revolutions of PTO was appointed as 536 ± 10rpm, and it was provided that the rotatory direction was clockwise (seeing from the tractor rear), and the number of revolutions was changed to 540rpm later.
In 1945, Cockshutt Farm Equipment company of Canadian Ontario Brandt Ford announced Cockshutt Model 30 equipped with live PTO. Live PTO was able to control a turn of PTO with the run of the tractor independently. As for this, there was the advantage that I ran at low speed and stopped, and there was even when driving a work machine by PTO. By modern tractor, live PTO is controlled by a push button switch and a changeover switch and raises safety by keeping away a worker from PTO shaft.
Technical standardization
In PTO of the bean tractor, dimensions and number of revolutions are standardized. The ISO standard of PTO was established in ISO 500 and was divided into ISO 500-1 (general specifications, safe requirements, dimensions of the protective cover), ISO 500-2 (dimensions of the protective cover by small tractor), three of ISO 500-3 (main PTO dimensions and dimensions of the spline, position relations of the PTO axis) by revision of 2004.
The basic PTO axis is used in 540rpm (rpm). The PTO axis used in 540 rounds has six splines, and the axial diameter is 1⅜ inch. In addition, there are two kinds of PTO axles to use in 1,000 rounds to drive an apparatus of the high load more. It is the PTO axis of the 1⅜ inch to have the big PTO axle of the diameter 1¾ inch having 20 splines and 21 splines. Judging from the tractor side, each these three kinds of PTO axes turns counterclockwise.
As for the early work machine such as Land Rover of 1948, there was the thing which adopted ten splines, but an adapter to convert into six general splines was provided.
In the agricultural machine maker, the index to express the horsepower of the tractor as custom displays the output to be able to take out of the PTO axis.
Equipment example
Tractor for a farm tractor, the farming
I turn a rotary by the power of the engine. However, the rotary is not necessary when I use a farm tractor as a chiller. Therefore the power transmission to the rotary is carried out through the axis called the PTO axis and becomes removable. In addition, there is a clutch to stop the operation of the work machine connected with in the PTO axis.
Car
I make an output axis for a transmission or transfer and I drive a direct device and use it for the drive of the hydraulic pump.
- While it stops, I use it
I put a transmission or a gear of the transfer in neutral (or a parking) and become the structure that I operate the PTO switch in the compartment or PTO lever, and power is transmitted to to PTO apparatus. The dump trucks are available for the some runs by the situation of the discharge spot, too, but when I do not use PTO, I compare it, and the power performance decreases.
- Fire engine
- Mechanical useless thing car (packer car)
- Dump truck
- Tanker
- Concrete pump car
- Vacuum truck
- Tow truck
- Tower wagon
- Carrier car
- Lah sulks; a lane crane truck crane
- Winch (but battery drive is mainstream in the present age) of the four-wheel drive car
- I use it regardless of the stop average during the run
- Because an operation state does not depend on the driving condition when it is equipped with the small engine (subengine) for exclusive use of the freezing, the refrigeration device, the ability for cooling is high, but weight increases, and the greatest load capacity decreases, and there is the difficult point that the noise is big again. Therefore, security and lightweighting, the low noise of the load capacity may adopt PTO for the power of the compressor of the freezing, the refrigeration device for the purpose of becoming it.
- Truck mixer (mixer car)
- Because concrete and water separate in a drum when the soft concrete stops stirring, and quality declines, PTO which can always turn during engine operation is used.
Special thing
- Two fire engines
- A pump motor scooter for the firefighting using the motor scooter of 250cc cubic centimeter displacement was produced experimentally for a strange vehicle with PTO and was adopted in 2004. It runs by itself in the spot and drives a pump after arrival by PTO.
- Parallel hybrid
- I link motor / generator performing an engine assist and energy absorption by hybrid car of Isuzu, the elf in PTO.
- Mast car (airship mooring car)
Allied item
- In a Suzuki Jimny - old model type, there was a vehicle having a power takeoff system in the carrier
- PTO generator, grade to be equipped with PTO winch or a setting option existed until Daihatsu high Z, Daihatsu Atrai - 1982 through 2000.
- Coupling
Outside link
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Power takeoff
This article is distributed by cc-by-sa or GFDL license in accordance with the provisions of Wikipedia.
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
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