Philpoimen of the megalopolis
Philpoimen (rare :Φιλοποίμην, Roman letters posting: for Philopoimen, from B.C. 253 to B.C. 183) is a politician, a general of the megalopolises of the Arcadia and is the leader of the アカイア alliance. He served office of a shogun ストラテゴス of the アカイア alliance eight times and contributed to the strong leading others with a limitless virtue of the アカイア alliance and brought hegemony in the Peloponnesus in アカイア alliance. The ancient Greece was called "the last Greek" by the nameless Roman whom I arrested when I did not give birth to a serious person after him.
Table of contents
Youth
Philpoimen was a child of クラウギス, but Philpoimen was brought up in friend クレアンドロス which ever caught the favor in クラウギス because I died when Philpoimen was young. Philpoimen received philosopher エクデモス of the academe school and education by the demonstration Fness. Philpoimen was instilled the mind of the democratic system in by these teachers who overthrew シキュオン, a usurper of the throne of Cyrene, and conformed to a democratic system [2]. Philpoimen looked up to famous admiral Epameinondas of テバイ of the fourth century as an example B.C. and followed the nobility and I was careful with luxury and served the nation in poor clothes faithfully. However, it was aggressive, and Philpoimen liked a war, and it did not come true to imitate the gentleness of Epameinondas because in addition it was a person of passion [3].
Cleomeness war
In cleomeness war, it was made money time (B.C. 223) when the megalopolis depended on the King of Sparta cleomeness third and was occupied by the resistance of the megalopolis person including Philpoimen, and a many megalopolises person succeeded in escaping to Messe near. Philpoimen who was 30 years old then lost a horse and showed a way of hard fight as I was wounded in several places. The cleomeness sent a person from megalopolis which fell down to him to the Messe near and showed a generous condition to return this police to the megalopolis person if I withdrew from アカイア alliance and supported the Sparta. However, Philpoimen impeached cleomeness against it stubbornly, and the messenger was repelled. Therefore the cleomeness plundered a megalopolis, and destroyed it, and left [4]; [5].
The Macedonian King Antigonos third who participated in cleomeness war crashed in ceraShea with the Allied Forces including the Achaean in cleomeness Sparta forces and B.C. 222 to lead you (fight of ceraShea). Philpoimen with a citizen's military unit of アカイア was placed then next to an Illyrian corps. The Illyrian picked an attack with the military unit of younger brother エウクレイダス of the cleomeness prematurely, but エウクレイダス let you round the employing mercenaries corps behind Illyrian, and the Illyrian fell into a predicament adversely. Philpoimen told a commander about this then, but did not have you were despised with a greenhorn and hear a story. Therefore he charged at an enemy of the front with a citizen corps on hand, and it was cause this, and the corps of エウクレイダス was destroyed before long [6]; [7]. Philpoimen was famed by these meritorious services in war at a bound, and the way of his activity caught eye of Antigonos. Antigonos was going to employ Philpoimen, but Philpoimen quitted it. On the other hand, the cleomeness that this fight became the decisive defeat was forced to exile to Egypt, and the Sparta was defeated.
I it from Crete to Captain cavalry soldier
Philpoimen went over to fighting Crete as a condottiere in B.C. 221 and fought. He was appointed on the occasion of returning home ten years later by Commander cavalry soldier of the アカイア alliance. Because cavalry soldiers of アカイア at the time were effete, he trained it well to a bold cavalry soldier. The アカイア forces which led Philpoimen in the same year broke it the fight with the eye thoria Ellis Allied Forces in ラリソス river, and killed an enemy general demonstration fan toss by a hand of oneself [8]; [9]. The fame of Philpoimen sounded by this victory in Greece. In addition, he reformed the equipment for foot soldier of the アカイア alliance. The equipment for conventional アカイア forces was a short spear and a slightly thin elliptic shield, and this was advantageous to the fight at the long distance and was disadvantageous in the hand-to-hand fight, and the line of battle was easily exceeded. If formed a phalanx, he changed it to the convenient long spear and buckler [10]; [11].
Fight with the Spartan usurper of the throne
When the Spartan usurper of the throne マカニダス Sparta forces to lead struck マンティネイア in B.C. 207, Philpoimen left with the アカイア forces, and had a fight (fight of マンティネイア); [12]. Philpoimen killed enemy general マカニダス by single combat by this fight, and won [13]; [14] [15].
Nabis who became a Spartan ruler posthumously of マカニダス schemed Spartan power expansion. After the first Macedonia war, Nabis caused war between アカイア alliance. He made a night attack, and he occupied メッセネ in B.C. 201. Philpoimen preached メッセネ relief to commander-in-chief Lysippos of the アカイア forces, but faced him with the citizen whom I followed because it was not accepted. Nabis who knew this withdrew immediately from メッセネ [16]; [17].
When the term of office of ストラテゴス expired in B.C. 199, Philpoimen went over to Crete again, and helped ゴルテュン afterwards, but at time with Nabis because was fighting, his this action incurred displeasure of the megalopolis person, and was found innocent although almost received expulsion, and he went back from Crete. War was performed between Sparta and Rome on the Greek mainland, and Philpoimen appointed in B.C. 193 by ストラテゴス did Sparta and sea fight, but was defeated then because the sea fight was inexperienced. However, when he went on the land afterwards, burnt down the camp of the enemy, and showed activity to kill a large number of enemies [18]; [19]. Philpoimen who changed the file skillfully to the topography did it afterwards when Nabis set an ambush to return, and to defeat Nabis [20].
Spartan obedience
Because Nabis who made peace with Roma was killed in the betrayal of the eye thoria soldier whom I invited as reinforcements to be opposed to アカイア and Roma in B.C. 192, Philpoimen led the military on the occasion and left for the Sparta and let Sparta join アカイア alliance. The Spartan was going to give Philpoimen a hall of Nabis then saying that opened the Sparta from a usurper of the throne, but he refused it flatly, and showed the having integrity [21]; [22].
The Dio Fness that was next ストラテゴス of Philpoimen was going to attack the Sparta in B.C. 191 saying that there was the sign of the revolt, but Philpoimen remonstrated about the action that was advanced when Rome and シュリア brought a pike in Greece saying that you should not do it, but the Dio Fness invaded and attacked in the Sparta with the Rome forces of ティトゥス クィンクティウス フラミニヌス without hearing it. Angry Philpoimen proceeded to the Sparta alone without one's thing that I said being taken and shut a castle gate of Sparta City for Dio Fness and フラミニヌス [23].
However, the measures to the Sparta of later Philpoimen were extreme in harshness as follows [24]; [25]. I destroyed the castle wall which Philpoimen executed some Spartans (according to Alice Tokura Tess according to 350 people, Polybios 80) in B.C. 188 saying that I fought against each other, and a Spartan took some kind of actions, and surrounded the city and added a part of the Spartan territory to the megalopolis and sold 3,000 citizens to a slave. He called back the Spartan who was cooperative with the アカイア alliance that instead of having expelled many people, I had been ever ousted from then. Furthermore, I abolished the legal system that Lykourgos established and forced it to アカイア-style system and education.
Later years
The power of Rome in Greece after having defeated the シュリア king アンティオコス third was the rising sun, but when Rome pressed it for Spartan returning home that he expelled, Philpoimen whom I believed till the last when アカイア alliance could be opposed to Roma refused it and defied Rome [26].
When Philpoimen reached age 70 (B.C. 183), the revolt of the anti-アカイア alliance happened in lower メッセネ of the guidance of Deinokrates, and Dino Krates was going to strike the town called the kolo varnish. Philpoimen who was in Argos at time when I heard it hurried in a day when to the megalopolis and I led a cavalry soldier corps immediately and made a sortie. Although I let you flight once, 500 new members of the enemy did him the fight with Deinokrates near a hill called Evander. Therefore, Philpoimen for fear of what was surrounded withdrew, but was arrested when I fell from my horse [27].
It was suggested to Philpoimen let in the prison to take poison. He asked the safety of the general called Lycortas and said, "you told the good news, and we do not seem to be misfortune at all" when I heard that Lycortas succeeded in escaping and I looked up at the poison and died then [28].
The アカイア alliance woke up a soldier for retaliation of the Philpoimen execution and attacked Messe near under Lycortas conduct, and Deinokrates committed suicide afterwards. Philpoimen was cremated, and the ashes were carried like the youngest triumphant return of the victory to the megalopolis, and Polybios who left activity of Philpoimen as a historian in children of Lycortas in history later attended it [29].
Note
- ^ Louvre sculpture: French "Philpoimen" of the 19th century
- ^ Plutarchos, "Philpoimen," it is 1
- ^ Pausanias, VIII, 49, 3
- ^ Plutarchos, "Creo Menes," it is 24-25
- ^ Plutarchos, "Philpoimen," it is 5
- ^ ibid, 6
- ^ Polybios, II, 67, 3-8
- ^ Plutarchos, "Philpoimen," it is 7
- ^ Pausanias, VIII, 49, 7
- ^ Plutarchos, "Philpoimen," it is 9
- ^ Pausanias, VIII, 50, 1
- ^ Polybios, XI. 11. 1-2
- ^ ibid, XI. 18. 4
- ^ Plutarchos, "Philpoimen," it is 10
- ^ Pausanias, VIII, 50, 2
- ^ Plutarchos, "Philpoimen," it is 12
- ^ Pausanias, VIII, 50, 5
- ^ Plutarchos, "Philpoimen," it is 13
- ^ Pausanias, VIII, 50, 6
- ^ Plutarchos, "Philpoimen," it is 14
- ^ ibid, 15
- ^ Pausanias, VIII, 51, 1-2
- ^ ibid, VIII, 51, 1
- ^ Plutarchos, "Philpoimen," it is 16
- ^ Pausanias, VIII, 51, 3
- ^ Plutarchos, "Philpoimen," it is 17
- ^ ibid, 18
- ^ ibid, 20
- ^ ibid, 21
References
- Written by Pausanias, Kunito Iio reason, "a note in Greece," it is dragon valley book building, 1991
- Written by Plutarchos, Yusuke Tsurumi reason, "Hideo Plutarch biography III," it is remodeling company, 1934
- Written by Plutarchos, Kentaro Murakawa other reason, "complete series of world classical literature Plutarchos," it is Tsukama bookshop, 1966
- Written by Polybios, Toshiyuki Kawashima reason, "world history" (1), dragon valley Publishing, 2004
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