Interval
Hazama (state) is a hole and a window for the defense opened in a wall surface, the wall of a castle tower and the oar of the castle of Japan mainly. With a crenelle, the embrasure. The holes such as a circle, a triangle, plus square shape, the rectangle were opened at the inside towards the outside and attacked it with a bow and arrow or a gun on the occasion of a battle from there.
Table of contents
Shape
I open it in a shape suitable for a weapon so that I call it with a crenel, gun interval, cannon interval when I classify it with a weapon to use, and it is said with a circle, a triangle, a square if it is a lengthwise rectangle, gun if it is a bow and arrow. When I classified it in the form of the window, I was called circle interval, lozenge interval, shogi Komagata interval, tortoise-shell pattern interval, votive tablet form interval, ridges on the blade interval, box interval. In addition, there is a thing raising a window to a weapon in total like the cannon (cannon) interval that there was in Okayama-jo Castle, the stone interval where I put a cut in sky edge of stone wall stone under the wall in Osaka-jo Castle and was opened and Imabari castle.
Invention (the tactics)
There is gun interval called "hidden interval" to hide a role as the interval on the castle wall of Himeji-jo Castle and Hikone-jo Castle until an enemy approaches, and a window is blocked up in usual times by the plaster, and I am camouflaged from the outside only by the wall when I have a look as invisible, but when an enemy attacked it, I break through the plaster from the inside and can attack it from the building.
To reduce a blind spot more
- A wide arrow takes it and does it with a wall with the interval as a screen fold.
- I install a stone-throwing spot to reduce the blind spot of the lower direction.
- At the important gate including Ote-mon Gate, I surround the wall around the gate in a character of コ or an L-shape, and I do it, and a square can meet an enemy from Mikata or the cross direction.
There is the thing devising など, a way of the setting. In the case of the alley where there are many examples such as placement of the interval of the wall of the square gates such as Edo-jo Castle or Osaka-jo Castle, the pursuer gate of Kochi-jo Castle, and has a long it, 挟撃 is possibility from the interval of the wall of right and left, too.
Hazama is a small window aiming at the enemy who is in many cases, outside (outside the castle), but I aim at the enemy in the room not what there is interval to stay, and to aim from the wall of the room when an enemy invaded it as an exception in the large castle tower inside of Himeji-jo Castle, and aim at the outside of so-called castle, and there is the thing made with the resistance purpose in an assumption after siege round collapsed namely the last last. It is Hazama pointing out the carelessness (belief that there is not Hazama with a thing at the outside the castle in the building) of the enemy who invaded it in a castle.
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The Hazama inside of the Himeji-jo Castle castle wall
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A stone-throwing spot and interval (the lower right) in the Himeji-jo Castle oar
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Interval of Iyo Matsuyama-jo Castle
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The border (the upper stone wall) of Okayama-jo Castle viewing the moon oar, a wall and the stone wall has stone interval. (important cultural property of the country)
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Osaka-jo Castle Ote-mon Gate. The border (the upper stone wall) of a wall and the stone wall has stone interval under the circle interval of the wall surface.
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Hidden interval of the Himeji-jo Castle passage under a turret. The wall which became dented a little in lower part right and left of the window.
Strength
The structure of the interval is different in an oar, an earthen wall, a plaster wall. Because the inside of the interval is in a room in the interval of the oar, the cover equal to the door is attached, and opening and shutting is carried out. I already spoke it, but there is the thing which I close the cap with the plaster and close without opening and closing it. In the case of an earthen wall, there is the thing which I plaster with the plaster like a plaster wall to the inside of the hole that I make the frames of the tree and fit it and open it. The thickness of the wall was around 30 centimeters from 20 centimeters, and I filled it with a pebble and debris in the plaster, and all raised the elasticity-proof. There is the thing which I fitted the board of the zelkova with like Nagoya-jo Castle among them.
of the interval several
It is said that Himeji-jo Castle ever had gun interval more than 4,000 places from 2,500 places [1] and knows what assume it so that a gun corps of up to 4,000 is active under the wartime, and was made. I, so to speak, show the number of the interval in a siege war whether the number of how much bow soldier, gunners can be active. The number of the gun interval is 115 in Matsumoto-jo Castle which assumes a gun war, and was built [2], and a number of approximately 35 times of Matsumoto-jo Castle knows numerousness of the interval of Himeji-jo Castle where it is. Matsumoto feudal clan is more than 50000 middle feudal clans, and, as for this, it may be said that Himeji feudal clan is influenced by a scale to be able to feed the number of the large clan more than 50 Mangoku namely the financial power, the soldiers (in the middle feudal clan Hazama number the example of the castle more than 100).
When there is 61 it only in Hazama possessed by a main enclosure, and the main enclosure was surrounded in Kochi-jo Castle, can attack it from 61 places; is designed [3].
Hazama (allose Ritt loophole) of Europe, the Middle East region
Hazama to fire an arrow and a gun is in Europe and says allose Ritt (crenel) and loophole.
I was virtually similar, and there is Klenow. The opening which is not Mel Ron (narrow wall body) is called Klenow, but Klenow is usually also French to mean interval. Various loophole was cut by castle wall and Mel Ron. [4]
Allose Ritt is one of the things invented from 212 through 214 B.C. by Archimedes against Syracuse siege. It was reviewed in the late twelfth century and was generalized in the thirteenth century [5].
There are the thing which I cut for a long time in lengthwise direction and the thing which I cut on a cross including the interval of the short vertical rectangle and the thing which I cut for a long time aside. In the lengthwise interval, a function and the use are the same as Japanese style interval in a crenel. The oblong interval is interval for the crossbows. I establish the triangular space called the fish tale while defending the attack from an enemy because a longbow soldier and a catapult soldier get an angle of fire. The horizontal gap is a thing for view of the shooting hand. A cover of the interval called Ann bra Joule is attached to loophole, Klenow, and it is rotary, and there is the thing to open and close from the thing which only covers the upper part like the hakama-shaped stone-throwing spot of the Japanese castle. [4]
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The allose Ritt inside of the コーフ castle
Footnote
- A sightseeing in ^ Himeji navigator "interval and stone-throwing spot of Himeji-jo Castle"
- Premium ^ NHKBS; the "Shinnihon topographical record "trace of the trace dream of the castle war"
- ^ BS 1, Asahi "Mitsugoro Bando Japanese castle Miss Noriyuki Terry "pride, Kochi-jo Castle of Tosa" which goes
- ^ a b J E Kaufman, H W Kaufman joint work Tomoaki Nakajima reason "fort marl company 2012 European in the Middle Ages"
- ^ Jones & Renn 1982, p. 445.
Allied item
- A wide arrow takes it
- Machicolation - stone-throwing spot
- Crossbow
- Crenelle - use agrees with gun interval (transcribed in an overseas thing)
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Interval
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