Diesel train of Japanese National Railways キハ 66 origin
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| Diesel train of キハ 66 origin | |
|---|---|
 キハ 67 9+ キハ 66 9 | |
| Main specifications | |
| The maximum speed | 95km/h |
| Vehicle capacity | キハ 66 form: 98 *1 → 120 *2 キハ 67 form: 100 *1 → 122 *2 |
| Greatest dimension (the head, width grows on) | 20,800*2,900*4,077 (mm) |
| Cart | DT43 (power), TR226 (accompaniment) Extension link wing spring composition method Body direct connection air spring cart |
| The engine output | 440PS (DML30HSH *1) *1 420PS (DMF13HZA *1) *3 |
| Shifting step | One step of shifting, direct connection one step (DW9)*1 One step of shifting, direct connection two steps (DW14H)*3 |
| Drive type | Liquid expression |
| Trigger | CLE 応荷重装置付 comes; an electromagnetic automatic air brake |
| Remarks | *1: At the time of production *2: Is autocratic; after remodeling *3: After engine exchange |
| | |
The diesel train (こくてつ キハ 66 けいきどうしゃ) of Japanese National Railways キハ 66 origin is the diesel train which Japanese National Railways (Japanese National Railways) performed design and fabrication of for the purpose of the transportation improvement of the Chikuho district from (1974) in 1974.
I make 1 unit by two cars of キハ 66 form and the キハ 67 form with the same form. I put together キハ 67 system or both forms and am called the キハ 66.67 system.
Table of contents
Summary
Prior to the Sanyo Shinkansen Hakata opening of business (March 10, 1975 Japanese National Railways time schedule revision), I was developed for the purpose of using it for Shinkansen combined transport of Chikuho, North Kyushu District, and two companies of Niigata Engineering and Fuji Heavy Industries were in charge of production.
I equip the double doors 2 door body with a certain space switch cross seat and air conditioner of seat space 910mm and am equipped with a diesel engine of the rating output 440 PS.
It was the vehicle which [2] [3] had waiting on customers facilities and the power performance of the standard to exceed the キハ 58 system which was a conventional express form vehicle which might be classified in suburban form [1], and our form was really used for express train until (1980) in 1980. Therefore, the name called "a general-purpose diesel train" was done with the railroad hobby magazines at the time of the appearance, but was over because the vehicle of the idea was not made successively without settling.
From financial circumstances of tight Japanese National Railways and excessive self-respect [note 1], 増備 or the other railroad sections injection were not realized, and 30 (*15 two formation) were made by (1975) in 1975, and this system was over in those days.
However, it was evaluated one step as the eager design that stepped forward by the design of the Japanese National Railways vehicle which became previous stiffening of the standardization complete devotion, and the specifications of facilities and the run instrumentation in consideration of local circumstances won meeting 16th laurel Prize of the railroad friend in (1976) in 1976.
Structure (in a new product)
The body, interior decoration
It is 21.3m in total length (car 20.8m in length) car 2.9m in width and the express form diesel train equal large body with both forms. Because it was designed assuming two 1 unit use, I adopted a single driver's cab.
A maegashira shape was the form that was similar to form and キハ 65 form in the express-shaped キハ 58 system latter period including the classification indicator between upper part placement, the headlight of the front penetration form, shield beam 2 light type headlight, but the driver's cab did it than them from the reinforcement of railroad crossing collision measures more with a high position. As for this form, even キユニ 28 form of the remodeling car of キハ 40 system and キハ 58 developed successively origin, Kinney 28.58 form was followed.
The window between the door set four sets of ハメユニット windows outside two steps type of the ratio of one set in two lines of seats (anteroposterior two pieces) after the side established the double doors automatic door for the visitor of 1.3m in width in two places close to the center a little from the body edge; became in the form. As for the window placement, there was the example similar to the train of the major private railroad including the train and Nishitetsu 2000 form train of Hankyu 2800 origin, but is an example first for Japanese National Railways form. In addition, an electric expression destination indicator (direction curtain) was adopted for a general form diesel train for the first time.
The inside of car did not have the deck and assumed it switch cross seat except that I assumed both door sides a long seat (in the long seat adjacency department and car edge, rigid). It was Japanese National Railways vehicle at the time, and the use of switch cross seat example was "the facility which surpassed an express form vehicle at the same level as the Shinkansen" without almost existing except a Shinkansen 0 system train [note 2].
The air conditioner was equipped with an AU75 form concentration expression air conditioner with the results each one car by a commuting form, suburbs form train not a common AU12 .13 system dispersion formula air conditioner with the diesel train for the conventional limited express, express on the body central part roof. The cold wind was supplied to the crew room through a duct and contributed to the boarding environment improvement of a driver, the conductor.
The heating adopted the electrical heating device which operated with an air conditioner and an equivalence power supply not use of waste heat of the engine coolant adopted with a general model, express form diesel train before it.
The power supply for the above-mentioned service drives DM83A generator by 4VK diesel engine put on キハ 67 form and supplies it.
I establish the rest room in キハ 66 form.
Major equipment
Engine
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It was equipped with supercharger DML30HSH of the stability facing 12 cylinder which was an improvement type of the high power engine adopted in キハ 91 system, キハ 65 form, キハ 181 system belonging to. The spot had a hard time very much without DML30HS which became the base being the high output with the engine for the Japanese National Railways diesel train at the time most, but on the other hand the specifications of the torque converter which blew, and used many high turn area of the pro-cooling with the natural draft type radiator weakness, engine of the head gasket by the unreasonable unevenness, heat transformation of the fuel injection quantity by the adjustment defect of the complicated jet pump and jet nozzle because of many cylinders and overheat and the trouble by the composition factor including the setting shortage of the gear ratio dying out. Nevertheless there was not the choice elsewhere because Japanese National Railways went through designing the diesel engine of high speed, the high output by an own effort without depending on import and license production, the adoption of the public welfare plane.
Therefore, after having constructed the following measures in this system; came to it-based.
- A gasket blows and switches from 3 cylinder 1 head constitution to 1 cylinder 1 head constitution as measures.
- The outbreak reduction of the colonnade considered that the gasket lets every cylinder become independent and is caused by a bolting charge account asymmetry at the time of the installation is an aim.
- When independence interval between each cylinder (boa pace) of the cylinder head next to each other in becoming it spread, and engine full length was from 2,477mm to 3,057mm, 580mm became big, too [note 3].
- I lowered the rating output to 500 → 440 PS (1,600 rpm) and evaded engine trouble by keeping room [note 4].
The cooling system does two static oil pressure type fans to three deployment [note 5] [note 6] nearer the connection side in a roof and forms an air flow. I found cooling performance not to depend on the run speed by being equipped with the forced draft-style cooling mechanism [note 7] to take the heat of the radiator which I installed in the roof side.
But initial trouble was frequent in this mechanism, and improved construction was constructed without several degrees during an operational period. Overheat by the flow quantity lack of the coolant occurs frequently in last years of Japanese National Railways which the deterioration of the engine moved, and is equipped with an electric pump for the coolant compulsion circulation more on the roof; a radiator bare; changed it, and, as for the thing, solution in question was planned by an improvement type.
Because noise, vibration measures of the engine are not enough, and a conversation was a roaring sound of the degree not to be established in the normal voice in the departure direct back and the ascent section run power running in the inside of car, including 4VK form for the generation that the noise source was put in the soundproofing box not only this cooling system, there is an anecdote taken up in a newspaper.
Gearbox
The liquid gearbox is equipped with DW9 which changed automatic DW4 used for キハ 181 system to the hand-operated friction clutch specifications. It supports high power, but it is 3 element type of one step of shifting, one step of direct connection because of a technical limit at the time, and the transmission efficiency is not good for the setting that the stall torque ratio of the torque converter forces to a high turn small.
Because the gearbox for the new fashion high power organization of DW4, DW9, DW10 (I adopt it in キハ 40 system) was for the twin drive cart which there is not of the room in the space that DW4 of the base mounts, I internally mount a reversing gear, and it is done all 装架 only a slowdown machine downsized by a cart by the gearbox side.
Cart
I attach DT43 (power cart), TR226 (accompaniment cart) of the air spring cart. ボルスタアンカー where DT36 connects the body and the pillow beam which pro-it, do not exist to is equipped with to realize 1 cart 2 axis drive to be different from a body direct connection-type air spring at a point establishing the heart plate in the center of the pillow beam by putting the coupling which establishes the through-hole to the pillow beam by the comparison with the DT36 system which puts link expression traction mechanism together, and omitted a heart plate, and transmits power from the most final drive of the second axis to the most final drive of the first axis. In contrast, mechanism like DT36 where the journal box support mechanism combined wing bounce with an Al storm link type was succeeded to.
Brakes, controller
The brakes followed a system of the キハ 65 form equipped with a similar medium, and 応荷重増圧装置付 came, and electromagnetic automatic air brake (CLE[ note 8)) was adopted. Write the low-pressure control circuit with two KE53 form jumper connectors like the convention car; with the convention form diesel train put it together, and being constipated is possible. Use to match it with a convention form diesel train in a part, and to be constipated is crossed, and "I grazed "Hita" by the express use," but there are really "Yufu" by the キハ 58 system and the results that put it together, and were constipated between Kyudai Main Line Hita - Yufuin.
Remodeling
Engine, gearbox replacement
DML30HSH which was a run organization had bad maintenance characteristics and mileage and, in addition, I had become obsolete and was replaced with product made in Niigata Engineering DMF13HZA (420 PS / 2,000 rpm) from (1993) in 1993. A new engine was direct-injection expression side type series six cylinders of the modern design, and the large lightweighting and ministry mileage, low noise realized making it it with improvement of maintenance characteristics and the reliability for a conventional horizontal facing 12 cylinder. The radiator was downsized with a decrease in outbreak heat capacity by the replacement to a direct-injection engine, and the radiator was removed with the static oil pressure drive fan on the floor bottom roof which came to it-based, caused the trouble by the fluxion aggravation of the coolant with the deterioration for the last years of the DML30HSH deployment era.
The gearbox was changed in DW14H which was two steps of shifting one step direct connections made of Niigata converter automatic reshuffling-type liquid gearbox, too. I could draw engine performance by the exchange to the new gearbox of the high efficiency effectively, and rather, as for the engine rating output in specifications, the running performance of the thing which decreased a little improved than before.
The construction to all cars completed this construction by 2001, and the generation set for the service power supply was replaced at the same time, too.
Cart exchange
キハ 66 10 carries out cart exchange with the painting change to a Japanese National Railways color of 2011 in Ogura factory (existing Ogura synthesis vehicle center). It was done 改番 in キハ 66 110. In addition, キハ 67 10 pairing with the car in 2013 carries out cart exchange in Ogura synthesis vehicle center. It was done 改番 in キハ 67 110 [4].
Body-colored
 |  | |
It was painted けで for express-shaped coating in spite of being cinnabar red 4 and cream 4 of the general form in the new product by the design concept that blended a general form diesel train and express form diesel train, but I was changed by "vehicle coat color and notation standard rule" revision of the enforcement sequentially (1978) on October 2 in 1978 to a combination of red 11 and cream 4 same as express form.
I change it to a Kyushu public color of the blue obi from immediate natural scenery with a shift to Kyushu Railway Company almost simultaneously in the ivory place.
The first formation (キハ 66 1+ キハ 67 1) carries out the painting change to a Japanese National Railways express color as millennium memory in (2000) in 2000. Was loaned out to use the formation for a group train in Kumamoto District in (2009) in 2009 [note 9]; [note 10].
All formation except the Japanese National Railways express-colored first formation was changed after the Nagasaki transfer of a census register of (2001) in 2001 to the seaside liner painting that was the approximately same as キハ 200 system. I carried out the following painting changes by the following formation afterward.
- The twelfth formation (キハ 66 12+ キハ 67 12)
- I switch to the painting of white, black, the orange of Huis Ten Bosch specifications in July, 2010 [5].
- The tenth formation (キハ 66 110+ キハ 67 110)
- I change the painting of it to a Japanese National Railways express color in March, 2011 [6].
In addition, the lapping of the Sasebo burger is constructed the fifth formation (キハ 66 5+ キハ 67 5) in (2006) in 2006 to the body side, and the eleventh formation (キハ 66 11+ キハ 67 11) put it together in (2016) autumn "Nagasaki destination campaign" again in 2016, and lapping of Kis-My-Ft2 of the image character is put for the body side, and there is an example applied as "kiss Mai ★ liner".
 |  |  | ||
| Seaside liner color | It is colored Japanese National Railways express | Huis Ten Bosch color |
Operational
It was located in the Nogata diesel train ward (existing Chikuho Sasaguri railroad Division Nogata vehicle center) at first and started use at time schedule revision of March 10, 1975. Even Hitahikosan Line was applied by "solder" which was Chikuho Main Line local express train and "Hita" [note 11] other than high speed by Chikuho Main Line, Sasaguri Line via the barrier tunnel until (1980) in train and 1980 to Shimonoseki.
I was succeeded at the time of the Japanese National Railways division and privatization of (1987) in 1987 by all car Kyushu Railway Company, but I limited it to the non-electrification route of North Kyushu District mainly on Chikuho Main Line throughout, and it was applied by limitation of 軸重. After キハ 200 system was spent in time schedule revision of March 16, 1991 by Chikuho Main Line, Sasaguri Line, it was managed sequentially in the line. The autocratic driving vs. accommodation remodeling was constructed from 2000 (12, Heisei) year, and I removed some seats, and capacity increased. The fare box and rearranging ticket publication machine is non-setting concerning a driving method.
2001年（平成13年）10月の筑豊・篠栗線電化完成により、全車が長崎鉄道事業部長崎車両センターに転属、運賃箱・整理券発行機が設置された。2013年（平成25年）3月15日に全車が長崎鉄道事業部佐世保車両センターに転属した。
2006年（平成18年）までは松浦鉄道佐々駅まで乗り入れしていた[注 12]。
ATSについては新製時はS形、のちにSK形、DK形へと改造されている。
2015年（平成27年）3月のダイヤ改正で第4編成（キハ66 4+キハ67 4）が運用を離脱し[7]、2016年2月に廃車された[8]。残存編成も製造から40年以上が経過し、内外装の更新、エンジンと補機類の交換、JR九州に残る他の国鉄形車両同様の屋根上通風器撤去などの改造が施工され、14編成計28両で佐世保線[注 13]・大村線・長崎本線の快速「シーサイドライナー」や普通列車で運用されている。
脚注
注釈
- ^ サービス電源用発電セットを搭載するキハ67が自重約42 t、キハ66が約40 tと、積車時の軸重がいずれも13 tを大きく超過しており、丙線以下への入線は難しく、乙線である筑豊本線から他へ転用する際にも乙線以上でまとまった運用数があることが条件となった。
- ^ かつての客車で1等・2等車での採用例はあったが、当時はすべて廃車または改造されて存在していない。
- ^ したがって同系エンジンでありながら全長の短い在来タイプに対応するエンジン支持架を備えるキハ181系には装架できず、クランクシャフトにも互換性はない。
- ^ 出力を下げることで安定を図るという方法は、DD51形ディーゼル機関車でトラブルが頻出していたDML61S形エンジンの出力を20 % と大幅に下げてDD16形ディーゼル機関車用として再活用した実績があり、その後、全国に配備されるキハ40系や、初の北海道用新系列特急気動車となる183系気動車にもこの考えが適用されている。これらのうち特に気動車は、構造の強化や装備の充実などで重量が増し、新形でありながら従来形からの性能向上がほとんど見られないという難点もあったが、安定的な運用という点では一定の成果を収めた。
- ^ キハ67形はサービス電源用発電セットを搭載したため、対応するラジエーターが追加搭載されており、キハ66形よりも1基多い。
- ^ この静油圧式ファンは動作音が大きく、本系列の騒音源の一つであった。
- ^ この種の気動車としては異例の集中形冷房装置の採用には、この冷却系の搭載スペースを捻出する目的もあった。
- ^ Cは三圧力式制御弁、Lは応荷重装置、Eは電磁弁を表す記号。
- ^ 代わりにキハ200形1編成を熊本地区から長崎地区に貸し出し。</ref>。後述の第10編成も含め、国鉄急行色編成はイベントに伴う貸し出が多い
- ^ 2003年（平成15年）にはキハ58系とともに、映画「精霊流し」に登場している
- ^ この運用計画があったために本系列は塗装に急行色が採用された。
- ^ なお2002年の乗り入れ再開前の試運転で松浦駅まで乗り入れている。
- ^ 佐世保 - 早岐間。有田陶器市開催時は上有田まで乗り入れ。
出典
- ^ グランプリ出版「日本の鉄道車両史」p.265
- ^ 日本交通公社「国鉄車両一覧」p.172-173
- ^ ネコ・パブリッシング「キハ58系と仲間たち」p.219
- ^ キハ67-10がキハ67-110に改番される - railf.jp 鉄道ニュース、2013年3月25日
- ^ キハ66 12＋キハ67 12が「ハウステンボス」色に - railf.jp 鉄道ニュース、2010年7月31日
- ^ キハ66・67形が国鉄色になって出場 - railf.jp 鉄道ニュース、2011年3月17日
- ^ キハ66 4+67 4が小倉総合車両センターへ - railf.jp 鉄道ニュース、2015年3月17日
- ^ 交友社『鉄道ファン』 2016年7月号「JR旅客会社の車両配置表」
参考文献
 | 出典は列挙するだけでなく、脚注などを用いてどの記述の情報源であるかを明記してください。記事の信頼性向上にご協力をお願いいたします。（2015年3月） |
- 聞き手: 岡田誠一 構成: 服部朗宏「石田 啓介氏に聞く 新系列気動車キハ181系のトラブルから学んだ車両開発の要」、『鉄道ピクトリアル 2008・8月号 【特集】キハ40系（II）』、鉄道図書刊行会、2008年、pp10 - 23
- 大塚孝「キハ66・67形の記録」、『鉄道ピクトリアル 2008・8月号 【特集】キハ40系（II）』、鉄道図書刊行会、2008年、pp62 - 67
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