2017년 2월 19일 일요일

William James

William James

William James
William James
James of the 1890s
The birth (1842-01-11) 1842January 11
Flag of the United States of America The United States of AmericaNew YorkNew York
Death (1910-08-26) August 26, 1910 (68 years old death)
Flag of the United States of America The United States of AmericaNew HampshireCarol countyTamworth
The times Philosophy of the 19th century
Philosophy of the 20th century
Area European philosophy
School Pragmatism
Function psychology
Radical empiricism

Research field Pragmatism, psychology, philosophy, philosophy of religion, epistemology, semantics of the heart
Main concept Will to believe, radical empiricism Radical empiricism, James Lange theory, error of the psychologist
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William James (William James, from January 11, 1842 to August 26, 1910) is a philosopher, a psychologist of the United States of America. I proposed the theory of the stream of consciousness and affected the American literature including James Joyce "Ulysses". I am known as Perth and a representative of the pragmatists along with Dewey. The younger brother is Henry James of the novelist. The writing extends to many divergences including psychology and the physiology as well as philosophy.

I gave a Japanese philosopher, "pure empiricism" of Kitaro Nishida a suggestion and had a quite a few influence on the development of the Japanese modern philosophy. Soseki Natsume is known to be affected, too. I bring various influence including "diverse aspects of the religious experience" abreast of a theory, transpersonal psychology of the memory in the later cognitive psychology.

James started the first psychological lecture in the United States in 1875 and established the laboratory [1]. It is 1879 these four years later that German Wilhelm Wundt prepared a laboratory.

Table of contents

Life

James was born in New York as the eldest son of the theologian Henry James senior (English version) in 1842. In 1855, the rich family moves to Europe and spends it in Paris Genoa. Younger brother Henry James of siblings born in the same year became a famous writer. I do not receive school education to the university since I go to the elementary school from breeding, 7 years old in a free domestic atmosphere for three years [2].

I go back to the United States in 1858. I wanted to be a painter in 1860 and came to study under the William Morris hunting that was an American first-class painter, but I noticed that I had a modest talent in a half year and gave it up.

When the Civil War breaks out in 1861, James hesitates about participation in Federal army in slavery though it was critical. While I am wondering whether you go to the front, the Civil War terminates, and this brings James a deep suffering after all. [3]

I graduate from a silacues university afterwards. I participated in the exploration of natural historian Lewis Agassiz in Brazil in 1865. Therefore I came to be interested in biology and I learned medicine in Harvard University and wore a technique of the dissection and acquired a degree in 1872 (30 years old). I lecture on physiology, anatomy and psychology in Harvard University.

In 1875, I establish a psychological laboratory for the first time in the United States and become an American psychological father. It is Wilhelm Wundt I become a philosophy professor of the Leipzig University in Germany in the same year, and to have established experimental psychology. In 1878, I conferred the first psychological doctorate on Stanley hall in the United States. James is interested in philosophy (theory of social evolution) of Spenser before long and begins to hold a question to preach a human mental condition only in physiology when not enough and will walk the Path of Philosophy.

Parallel to a psychological study, I am taught in Harvard University in 1885 in 1880 by an assistant professor of the philosophy. George Herbert Mead is one who took a lecture of him, too. In 1890, a correspondence course "will to believe" published "diverse aspects of the religious experience" the monograph "psychology principle" of his monument each in 1901 in 1897. I published "pragmatism" in 1907, and it was a philosopher on behalf of the United States at the time "the world of the pure experience" in 1904. In the psychology, Hugo Munster Bergh became an applied psychological professor of Harvard University by his invitation in 1897.

I died of heart disease in 1910 (68 years old), but "basic empiricism" (1912), "problems (1911) when it might be said that it was a posthumous work afterwards of the philosophy" were published.

I spent most of lives as a professor of Harvard University. In addition, I traveled to European each place, and deepened interchange with French Henri Bergson or the people of the Vienna school and influenced philosophy of oneself. Through James, old and new thinkers such as ルノヴィエ, ホッジスン, フェヒネル, Perth, Santayana, パピニ, scilla, Dewey, ミュンステルベルク, Paulsen, ブゥトルー were introduced by the Japanese Association for American Studies. Kanzou Uchimura who was just published in those days in the United States "how in 余 is interested in Christian となりしか", and a letter of thanks which took from the person who recommended it to remains. The achievements as the teacher excel, too and are said to be it when the lecture of James of the attractive style of reciting attracted students at the time by software. Gertrude Stein of the writer, John Reed of the journalist take a lecture in the celebrities. Friendship fitted the famous Oliver Wendell Holmes youths as Supreme Court judge.

Philosophy

James is said to be [4] that is "the thinker that the meantime is the first again in physiology, psychology and the philosophy".

James saw pragmatism as the thing which realized the posture that it was easy to get close to elaborated thoroughly [5] with Perth by new philosophy thinking process and the thing which solved a dilemma. I write it in book "new name (English sentence) of 1910 that pragmatism touched for the old method of the contemplation" as follows.

Even if the intelligible truth in the root of all our thoughts becomes clear, it is delicate and does not depend on anything else except the really possible difference because those nothing is superior things either. It is necessary to think only about the recognizable effect of the practical kind that the object has to get complete articulateness from our thought about a certain object. In other words, then there is it in hope of what kind of sense what kind of reaction I must prepare for.

When the relations between the object are reality almost as same as object in itself, James is famous for the thorough pragmatism to insist on. In addition, it is multi dimensions debater by thinking that truth really has plural right answers. I refused a correspondence theory of the truth and insisted that I included a future result of faith, a fact about the world, the faith of other backgrounds and these faith in truth. The ultimate existence was a certain thing, and it was mental, and James came to adopt the neutrality monism that was an opinion not to be physical afterwards in half life [6].

Supernatural phenomenon

I am interested for the supernatural phenomenon and speak, "there is no worth evidence to a person to doubt though I give you worth materials if I believe it to the person who wants to believe it if I believe it, and the elucidation of the supernatural phenomenon has such a limit essentially". This was named "law [7] of William James" by Colin Wilson.

Book (Japanese translation)

  • The Principles of Psychology (1890)
  • Psychology,briefer course (1892)
  • Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking (1907)
  • The Varieties of Religious Experience: It was based on Gifford lecture of the A Study in Human Nature (1902) - whole year.
    • It is Shigehiko Sato, Kanae Sakuma coreason, star sentence building, 1914 "in various ways of 宗教的經驗"
    • "Study Antei Hiyane reason of the diverse aspects human nature of the religion experience", 警醒社, 1922
    • "Study Antei Hiyane reason of the diverse aspects human nature of the religion experience", having sincerity Publishing, 1957
    • "Diverse aspects Keizaburo Masuda reason of the religious experience", Iwanami library (top and bottom), 1969
  • Some Problems of Philosophy: A Beginning of an Introduction to Philosophy (1911)
  • Essays in Radical Empiricism (1912)
    • "Radical empiricism" Keizaburo Masuda, Shigeru Kato coreason, Hakusuisha "Shiromizu library 28," it is 1978
    • "Radical empiricism" Keizaburo Masuda, Shigeru Kato coreason, Hakusuisha "idea selected books," it is 1998
    • "Philosophy Kunitake Ito edition reason of the pure experience", Iwanami library, 2004
  • "Complete series of memoirs world large thought (philosophy, literary arts thought) 15" Megumi Imada reason, river appearance Publishing, 1956
  • "William James collected writings" (Japan religion sentence company, all seven volumes) is published in the 1960s. ("religious ..." non-publishes it in an on-demand version for 2014-15 years)
    • "I talk about psychology to a teacher and a student" (Shigeaki Otsubo reason)
    • "A will to believe" (Tatsuo Fukukama reason)
    • "Diverse aspects of the religious experience" (all two volumes) (Keizaburo Masuda reason, a new publication: in 1988)
    • "Pragmatism" (Keizaburo Masuda reason)
    • "Pluralistic space" (Natsuhiko Yoshida reason)
    • "Problems of the philosophy" (Shunpei Ueyama reason)

References

  • For Kunitake Ito "pragmatism 2 James "introduction to pragmatism "〈 Chikuma new book 〉, 2,016 years of the Chapter 1 source", it is 64-87 pages. ISBN 9784480068705

Footnote

  1. ^ "translator afterword" W. James "is 〉" Yutaka Imada reason, Iwanami library in psychology 〈. 1992. ISBN 400336404X。 334-335 pages.
  2. 211 pages of ^ spring water study "collections of newly-revised edition ethic documents"
  3. Written by ^ Shigeki Uno "pragmatism" ("political idea" Iwanami Shoten)
  4. It is 2009 in 30 in ^ "William James" at SEPRetrieved on July
  5. ^ See "Pragmatism (Editor [3]) ", c. 1906, especially the portion published in Collected Papers v. 5 (1934), paragraphs 11-12.
  6. It is 2009 in 9 in ^ "Neutral Monism" at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Retrieved September
  7. "It is page 225 ^ Colin Wilson for "future life experience" Mikasa Publishing, 1,991 years of Colin Wilson. ISBN 4-8379-5472-3. 
  8. ^ http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/759764

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