2017년 2월 4일 토요일

Chemical philosophy

Chemical philosophy

The chemical philosophy (かがくのてつがく) considered methodology of chemistry and a secret premise, and it was developed by the concoction group of philosophers, chemists or a philosopher and the chemist. As for the philosophical approach to science, predominance had been accounted for with most of history by physical philosophy, but the philosophical problem that occurred from chemistry came to gradually attract attention from the late 20th century. [1][2]

Table of contents

Chemical foundations

A main philosophical problem occurred at the same time to try to define the chemistry what chemistry studied again. It was not possible for [3] that it was thought that an atom and the molecules were often chemical theoretical basic units by metal and a complex [4], the explanation of the property of many materials such as aromatic compounds [5] by the traditional description of molecular structure and the chemical bond.

In addition, the chemist uses the thing which does not exist such as the structure of various objects and the resonance structure that it is often it to explain a reaction. [4][5] the tool in such an explanation uses the illustration expression of a language or molecules to describe the behavior of a chemical substance and the chemical reaction not to behave for a simple numerator practically.

There is a chemist, the chemistry philosopher liking that I consider an object as a basic unit of the studies rather than minute structure in chemistry. One to one does not necessarily support these two methods to classify objects in [3]. For example, many rocks exist as salt consisting of plural ions, but the salt does not have the fixed mixed ratio and a spatial correlation [4].

It may be said whether it is the study of the reaction whether the chemistry is a study of the materials as an associated philosophical problem [3]. Even if the atom is of solids, it works without cease and the chemical substance reacts voluntarily if I place it under an appropriate condition and generates the product of the reaction newly. The characteristic of the object is fixed by many environmental variables such as temperature and atmospheric pressure, the distance with other molecules and the local existence [3]; [4] [5]. As Joachim シュマー described it, it is one that "the philosopher of the object defines the chemical reaction by the change of the definite object, but the philosopher of the process defines the object by a special chemical reaction each" [3].

The philosopher of chemistry discusses a problem of the existing symmetricalness and chirality in nature. The organic (in other words, I have carbon skeleton) molecules are often chiral. Amino acid, nucleic acid, sugar, all these are caught only in one kind of optical isomer under the natural environments exclusively, but are the basic chemical unit of the creature. A chemist, a biochemist, the biologist argue about the origin of this homochirality equally. The philosopher argues about the origin of this phenomenon. Specifically, whether it happened in the racemic environmental center in the absence of a creature accidentally or did you play a different process? It watches the answer to this problem, and it is a つかればの talk, but there is the person who supposes it when I may not be found if I do not compare it with the little green man. There is preconception for a premise of nature called the symmetricalness, and there is the philosopher thinking that the resistance for the opposite opinion may thereby produce it.

The current events-related high problem is to be decided where physics particularly quantum mechanics explains a chemical phenomenon to. In fact, does the gap that I can return the chemistry to physics than many people thought or cannot explain exist? In late years writer [whom?] who insists when much difficulty exists for a plan of the physical reductionism though the knowledge about our micro-world increases もいる. There is curl ポパー as the best-known scientific philosopher foretelling a similar thing.

Methodology

In a sense chemistry is science of the typical laboratory, and a certain thing leads both experimental physics and theoretical physics. Rather the chemistry really brought about such an explanation according to the explanation that appeared in a textbook about things which constituted a scientific method while it was necessary for the astronomer to do it well without testing it for the object in the remote place directly distantly from the place where oneself was, and it was necessary for the biologist to test it in ethical legal limitation for more possible objects again.

There is value of the vagueness as the stimulation for the science of the type that a chemist performs as one theme that came out of an experiment of chemistry. For example, an experiment and the gap between theories are filled by vague words being used in chemistry, and Emily グロショルツ (en:Emily R. Grosholz) and Roald Hoffman insist when a domain called the chemistry thereby advanced. Such a claim challenges the prejudice for the impression that I should be able to prove more usefully if a concept is completely defined definitely.

Philosophy of chemistry

  Portal chemistry

In late years some philosophers and scientist pay attention to chemical philosophy. Particularly, I include the name such as "Normative and Descriptive Philosophy of Science and the Role of Chemistry in Philosophy of Chemistry" Maltese Eric スチェリ which is the author of other articles (2004) in Netherlands ヤープ fan bra KEL which announced "The Philosophy of Chemistry" in 2000, editors of "Foundations of Chemistry". スチェリ sits on interest how chemistry intersects physics about the philosophical basics and periodic table of the periodic table in particular, but is a problem of the philosophy without what such he insists on being simply a scientific problem. [6]

It is common in scientific other domains that a person studying a method is not a practitioner of the field, but, by chemistry particularly the synthetic chemistry and organic chemistry, a method and the philosophical basics that I did with sophistication are often researched by the researcher of the practical study program. Elias Cory publishes "the logic of chemical synthesis" which is a strong book of the influence that destroyed a process and the guess of the thought over calculator support composition while I developed the concept of "the retrosynthesis analysis". Other chemists such as the kiliaKoss Costa Nico bamboo pipe-stem followed the guidance of Cory (a collaborator of "Classics in Total Synthesis"), too.

Allied item

References

Criticism article

Magazine

Bookm

  • Philosophy of Chemistry, J. van Brakel, Leuven University Press, 2000. ISBN 9-05867-063-5
  • Philosophy of Chemistry: Synthesis of a New Discipline, Davis Baird, Eric Scerri, Lee McIntyre (eds.), Dordrecht: Springer, 2006. ISBN 1402032560
  • The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance, E.R. Scerri, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006. ISBN 0195305736
  • Of Minds and Molecules: New Philosophical Perspectives on Chemistry, 'Nalini Bhushan and Stuart Rosenfeld (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2000, Reviewed by Michael Weisberg

Scientific entertainment

Symposium 2011 was carried out in loss Andes University in Bogota, Colombia for ~8 11 days a month on August 9, 2011 in The International Society for the Philosophy of Chemistry- summer. In this meeting, a sponsor had loss Andes University. This entertainment is a sequel to The International Society for the Philosophy of Chemistry- summer symposium 2010 carried out in Oxford University for ~8 11 days a month on August 9, 2010.

Footnote

  1. ^ Weisberg, M. (2001). Why not a philosophy of chemistry? American scientist. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from [1]
  2. ^ Scerri, E.R., & McIntyre, L. (1997). The case for the philosophy of chemistry. It is 213–232. Synthese, 111 Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00000254/ .pdf here
  3. ^ a b c d e Schummer, Joachim. (2006). Philosophy of science. In Encyclopedia of philosophy, second edition. New York, NY: Macmillan.
  4. ^ a b c d Ebbing, D., & Gammon, S. (2005). General chemistry. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
  5. ^ a b c Pavia, D., Lampman, G., & Kriz, G. (2004). Organic chemistry, volume 1. Mason, OH: Cenage Learning.
  6. ^ Scerri, Eric R. (2008). Collected Papers on Philosophy of Chemistry. London: Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1 - 84,816-137-5. 

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