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第 14SS armament grenadier division

第 14SS armament grenadier division

第 14SS armament grenadier division
Dyvizia Galychyna.svg
Division chapter of 第 14SS armament grenadier division ガリーツィエン (the Ukrainian first)
The foundation July 28, 1943
The abolition April, 1945
Nationality Nazis Germany
Position The Waffen S.S.
Scale Division
Branch of the service Grenadier
The staff
The location
Upper grade corps
Nickname
Motto
Main military service World War II

第 14SS armament grenadier division ガリーツィエン (the Ukrainian first) (German: 14.Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (galizische Nr. 1)) is a division of the Waffen S.S. I took a strategy duty in Slovakia, Yugoslavia, Austria until I was reorganized and surrendered to Ukraine armed people (English version, Russian version, Ukrainian version) first division and changing name, the Allied Forces after being organized in volunteers from Galicia (a German name: ガリーツィエン, an Ukrainian name: ハルィチナー) in western Ukraine in 1943, and having suffered damage in a battle around Brodie very much.

Table of contents

Background

The eastern part of Galicia where an Ukrainian occupied many of inhabitants by the collapse of Austrian = Hungary empire by the World War I end avoided what became a Polish part and declared the independence as the west Ukraine people's republic. However, Poland smashed this up with the armaments, and the eastern part of Galicia became the Poland territory. A nationalist formed a hard-liner, and the latter organized an Ukrainian nationalist (OUN), and a democrat formed the moderates, and, during war, the Ukrainian in eastern Galicia occupied the majority.

OUN is divided, and OUN-M of the minority whom アンドリーイ メーリヌィク (English version, Russian version, Ukrainian version) led has close relations with アプヴェーア afterwards in order to be opposed to OUN-B of the majority which I throw it away, and pirn バンデーラ leads. Poland was governed separately, and the eastern part of Galicia was assumed a territory of Ukraine S.S.R. of the Soviet Union by invasion by Nazis Germany and the Soviet Union by the World War II outbreak, but the Galicia whole land became the German occupation bottom this time when Germany exercised バルバロッサ strategy on June 22, 1941 and started Soviet Union invasion.

I hoped, but it was not considered by Nazis Germany that the nationalism organization in Ukraine participated in a fight with the Soviet Union with the possession force when I put it early in German ソ round. However, the Reichswehr where human resources were drying up by repeated fierce battles in early 1943 came to consider that I used an Ukrainian nationalism organization as a force, and it was announced formally afterwards on decision, December 28, 1943 that I organized an Ukrainian division.

Formation

 
ヴォロディームィル クビヨーヴィチ

ヴォロディームィル クビヨーヴィチ will lead you after the division being organized by ウクラナイナ Central Committee, and having got support of the Ukrainian Catholic Church [1]. Germany was going to make no modifications about their race ideology to assume the Slavs including the Ukrainian an inferior race, but I took it to do it with only about anticommunism and measured it on demanding loyalty declaration to German President Adolf Hitler, and service in a war Catholic priest company of the Catholic Church (there were many Ukrainian east Catholic Church or Catholic believers in Ukraine) was recognized again. Signs of defeat of Germany thicken, and such various concession is estimated when performed concerned about the morale of Ukrainian officers falling [2]. The nazification in the division was not made [2].

The formation of the division which consisted of the officers except the German was performed under a flag to fight against communism than before, and France, the Netherlands, Latvia, Estonia, a Croatian volunteer participated. Because Germany admitted that it was a step to independence in Ukraine in the division formation in Ukraine, it did not have the trouble to gather volunteers. It was announced that I organized a division in 80,000 Ukrainians registered in Galicia on April 28, 1943 and was able to be already active in December, 1943, but continued training you until May, 1944.

Division formation

The volunteer to fight for Ukraine was included in the division while having antipathy toward an extreme National Socialism ideology of バンデーラ group OUN-B, and thinking that I did not want to put the revolt forces (UPA) and paces that were the military organization of Ukraine together. In addition, was the manager of the division, and ドムィトロー パリーイウ which served a highest grade officer was the party leader of the small political party in the Polish second republic, and a lot of of his co-worker was a moderateness left political party, a party member of the Ukraine nation democratic coalition (Polish :Ukraińskie Zjednoczenie Narodowo-Demokratyczne, UNDO) [3]; [4]. They performed talks with Poland, and they objected to National Socialism such as OUN before the war. Furthermore, the National Socialism moderates who led アンドリーイ メーリヌィク joined the division, but were considered that this took the balance with UPA which OUN-B controlled. In addition, the division received mental support from the personnel required of the Ukrainian people's republic government in exile which was ousted, and sheltered in Poland like the ムィハーイロ オメリヤノーヴィチ = パウレーンコ general [5]. And the Ukrainian east Catholic Church, the Ukrainian Greek Orthodox Church supported the division, too, and a son of Kiev Greek Orthodox Church metropolitanate ムスティスラウ was the member, too [5].

OUN-B objected to formation at first that a division was out of own control and insisted when a division only became the shield of the German forces [6]. However, I sent many members whom I trained militarily in order that a German side did not permit interference of OUN-B and found influence of OUN-B this time when the formation work of the division made progress. Some became a division official soon. However, OUN-B did not hold initiative by this participation in a division [5].

Division

Commander

In SS division "ガリーツェン," a German and an Ukrainian high-ranking officer would act as a division official, and 600 German officers were dispatched for division formation from Berlin. German officer that half was dispatched as for the inner reason from the eastern part of Prussia, half of the remainder were Dutchman officers. In addition, 300 (including 100 people who were 100, the Paulhan Dodgers reserve duty that were Ukrainian People's Republic forces position) Ukrainian officers who belonged to the Austrian = Hungary empire forces in the past belonged [7].

Major Wolff ハイケ (Wolf Dietrich Heike) bodyguards arrived at a staff officer each, and, as for the regiment commander of the regiment which belonged to the division, ビンツ bodyguards major and Franz Lehigh tala bodyguards lieutenant colonel were appointed a German Colonel Fritz Freytag (de:Fritz Freitag) bodyguards upper grade to the divisional commander each in a work, the SS 31st grenadier regiment by Rudolf パニア bodyguards colonel, the two Police regiment.

Soldier

 
Shield chapter from 1943 to 1945 of SS Galicia (the Ukrainian first)
 
The left German, the right Ukrainian, a poster (in サノク May, 1943) of the recruitment of volunteers by the government

People more than 165cm tall from 18 years old to 35 years old were chosen as a soldier. The member of OUN-B was forbidden to increase, but many numbers were added to the division according to the said article. A standard thing of the Reichswehr was paid the military uniform, and a thing described the lion which was Galicia ground chapter and three crowns in was worn by the right shoulder, but the wearing of "the trident" which was an Ukrainian national emblem was forbidden.

The Captain K, Schulz bodyguards reports the following in Berlin.

  1. 80,000 volunteers having joined the army.
  2. Having accepted 53,000 people.
  3. 42,000 having been increased by the list of the inductee.
  4. Having accepted 27,000 people.
  5. Having asked whether you could participate in 1,400 people if it was other duties except officers.
  6. 25,600 people having received a contract document.
  7. 19,047 people having been levied than work.
  8. 13,245 people being real numbers of the new face.
  9. 1,487 people not having led to adoption from health condition.
  10. 11,578 people having been sent to the training camp. [8]
 
In ホフステッタ doctor, 1943 of Hans Franck and the Galicia division to enter the Ukrainian east Catholic Church before loyalty and courage corps formation in サノク
 
Volunteers marching on the waist Zhu stamp street of サノク in 1943 May

Actual fighting injection

The division is sent to the front in early 1944 and will get the first duty. Battle experience was lacking in the division, but the equipment was enriched, and most officers received the training that was severer than a German inductee of from 1943 to 1944 period [2].

I work on a partisan sweep and it

In the beginning of February, 1944, the division was given an order to start to organize two battles corps to reinforce the ベイヤースドルフ SS battle group that got the Soviet Union and a sweep duty of the Polish partisan. In the first battle group, another battle group was sent to Brodie each with the fourth regiment to ザモシチ with the fifth regiment [9]. It was the first actual fighting, but the SS battle group was judged to have worked enough, and Walter was given moo a citation than Dell General [10].

Fight of Brodie

The division was sent to Brodie who followed of the intense battle and, under the conduct of thirteenth army corps, was given an order to start to maintain a front of approximately 80km with six Infantry Division which I consumed. On July 8, the thirteenth army corps transferred a census register to the first armor forces [2], and 第 29SS of the Galicia division said to preliminarily, 第 30SS, the 第 31SS grenadier regiment, the light foot soldier battalion, the military engineer battalion, the gunner regiment were located to Brodie. The 第 14SS open battle supplement battalion was placed to backward 24km [11].

On July 13, a General Ivan Coe Neff military unit to lead of Soviet Union Red Army troops started an attack. The Reds overthrew a German division placed in the north of thirteenth army corps by the next day and avoided the counterattack of the German military. On July 15, two Galicia divisions tried a counterattack with an armor division, but during approximately five hours only in the Red Army troops second aviation forces by a total of 3,288 of 102 tons bombed, and suffered from a check. [12]. On July 18, the open battle supplement battalion of the division was destroyed by an attack of Red Army troops, and the residual soldier retreated to the west. German and Ukrainian, approximately 30,000 people who belonged to the thirteenth army corps were surrounded in Brodie by Red Army troops [11].

A defense mission around east side, ピドヒールツィ and オレーシコ in the leaguer had the person from Galicia corps. Red Army troops relatively concentrated an attack on the defense district of the Galicia division with a little actual fighting experience and decided that I exterminated the German forces in the leaguer and started an attack from July 19. However, 第 29SS of the Galicia division position, the 第 30SS regiment performed the counterattack that was more intense than the cause, expectation of the support of the division gunner regiment. I was robbed of ピドヒールツィ in late afternoon, but a light foot soldier battalion and a military engineer battalion repulsed an attack of Red Army troops that they made with T-34 tank in the lead in オレーシコ. [11]

On July 20, the German schemer corps in the leaguer tried a solution wall and was able to retreat smoothly at first, but has been pushed back because the counterattack of the enemy got into full swing after all. The 第 31SS regiment was destroyed by this battle. The escape operation was reopened at 1:00 a.m. on July 21, the following day, but this fails, too. However, the Operation solution wall was tried from the outside, and the armor grenadier regiment of the German forces exceeded a front of Red Army troops on the same day on the approximately 16km west of the leaguer, and the pattern succeeded in success, approximately 3,400 rescue including approximately 400 Galicia soldiers for security of the communication with siege Jinnai for a short time, too. It was temporary success, but Red Army troops started an all-out attack by the end of the day, and the areaway with the outside was cut off in a moment, and the front of the Galicia division collapsed totally. Divisional commander Freytag judged that a division was destroyed to here and dissolved an organization, and the each member ordered each to escape. Freytag and the headquarters personnel required organized a battle group and went to the south leaving a conduct lower part corps. Some Ukrainian combat troops remained and it was admitted into the German military, or other officers escaped and scattered. The Ukrainian 第 14SS light foot soldier battalion which still kept a force acted as the back of the residual military unit of thirteenth army corps. The south could retreat, and the residual military unit and dropout soldier were able to tide over an attack of Red Army troops by a battalion having secured ビールィイ car mini. By the evening of July 21, the battalion became the military unit which maintained the only force in the ブグ Kawakita bank [11].

On the early morning of July 22, the 14th light foot soldier battalion abandoned ビールィイ car mini. The encircling Brodie reduced to only 5-8km in width, length. It was ordered to continue advancing until the Galicia soldier broke through leaguer with all energy with the German soldier. Otherwise it was the annihilation. The battle was hopeless intensely. A German soldier and the Ukrainian soldier who flocked for the south overwhelmed Red Army troops 91st independence tank brigade "プロスクーロフ" which caught the support of the infantry unit, and several hundred officers succeeded in escape. And the leaguer was brought under control by the night of July 22 [11].

The division maintained rules in spite of a fierce battle, and most officers finally succeeded in escape. Among approximately 10,400 Galicia soldiers who unfolded to Brodie, approximately 3,000 people returned to the division immediately. Approximately 2,300 people who hid in a forest and the farm village returned to the original unit several months later and the about the same number of people participated in the revolt forces in Ukraine. As for approximately 2,000 people killed in action, approximately 900 people became a captive [2].

People revolt in Slovakia

The German military took several months and reorganized a division. The division rebuilt in the end of September, 1944 participated in the suppression of the people revolt in Slovakia.

I came with support people on September 28, and the first military unit, the 29th regiment arrived and supported a ベイヤースドルフ battle group. All the divisions finally gathered in Slovakia. After October 15, the division organized two battle groups, ヴィッテンマイヤー battle group (including three battalions) and ヴィルドナー battle group. During until February 5, 1945, in the division, 第 18SS loyalty and courage armor grenadier division Holst Wessel, 第 2SS charge brigade "ディルレヴァンガー" engaged in suppression operation of the revolt forces with ウラソフ contingent and SS, SD. [9] But people revolt Museum director Jan Stanislav in Slovakia denies that a division and an Ukrainian soldier took part in a cruel act performed for a Slovak at this time [13].

Anti-partisan war

In the end of January, 1945, the division engaged in mop-up operation of the Yugoslavian partisan in Staier mark, コロシュカ close to the Austria Slovenia border with other SS, an SD corps to Slovenia from movement, the end of February to the end of March [14]. The division maintained a collaborative relationship with partisan of anti-communist line, the Che tonic while I fought against a guerrilla affiliated with Communist Party. Between these strategies, the division took in 第 31SD defense battalion (another name, Ukrainian defense army corps) [15]. When Red Army troops exceeded a front on March 31 and started an attack from Hungary to Austria, in the division, it was ordered north グライヒェンベルク to move for a counterattack [2].

Graz war

From April 1 to the end of the war, the division fought for the military power of 8,000 people in 14,000 people, a depot around Graz, Austria in the front line [16]. In early April, I regained a castle and a village of グライヒェンベルク from the Red Army troops corps including the share sent best corps from third 親衛空挺師団, and the counterattack of April 15 succeeded for repulse, too. The division continued maintaining a front of approximately 13km the other day [2]; [17]. The achievement in this fight was praised, and First Lieutenant male tarp チュチュケーヴィチ bodyguards of the division was given a first class iron cross chapter [18]. The damage that a division suffered in a fight in Austria amounted to approximately 1,600 death in battle injured [19].

Armed people in Ukraine

On March 17, 1945, the Nazis German Ukraine whole country committee which put it, and represented an interest in Ukraine was formed by an Ukrainian exile group, and Ukraine armed people (UNA) were organized. ガリツィア師団は名目上ウクライナ国民軍第1師団となったが、ドイツ国防軍最高司令部は第14SS武装擲弾兵師団として戦闘序列の中に置き続けた[20]。 師団は1945年5月10日、西側連合軍へ降伏した[15]。

その後

ウクライナ将兵はイタリア、リミニの収容所へ収容された。ウクライナ国民軍第1師団に改称していたこと、師団将兵が1939年まではポーランド国籍であったという事実、そしてバチカンの介入により、ソビエト連邦への送還は避けられた。ウクライナ東方カトリック教会の司教ブチュコは、ローマ教皇ピウス12世に対して、師団将兵は「良きカトリック教徒であり、熱心な反共主義者である」と取りなした。バチカンの介入を受けてイギリス当局は、師団将兵の登録を戦争捕虜から自発的な降伏者へと変更した[21]。いくつかの情報源によれば、師団将兵のうち176名がヴワディスワフ・アンデルス率いるポーランド軍に参加したと伝えられている[22][23]。1947年、師団の元将兵は、カナダ、イギリスへの移住を認められた[24][25]。

戦争犯罪への疑惑

師団が戦争犯罪に関わったその範囲を確定することは難しく、ナチス・ドイツの警察による犯罪行為を認めた場合、少数の警察部隊が師団に移籍していたが、その移籍した部隊のほとんどが1943年春に編成され、フランスにおいて海岸警備を行ていたもので、ウクライナでのユダヤ人の殺害に関与するには移籍があまりにも遅い。また、これらの部隊が師団への所属前にパルチザン掃討活動、または報復活動に参加した証拠は出ていない。しかし、かなりの数の新人が警察大隊に所属する前、イレギュラーな組織において、ウクライナにおけるユダヤ人、共産党員に対する残虐行為を働いた可能性は存在する。だが、カナダ政府及び、カナダのユダヤ人団体によって、師団の行為について調査が行われたが、犯罪の確たる証拠を見つけることはできなかった[26]。

特別な論争により、SSガリツィア師団がフタ・ピェニャツカでの大虐殺、及び、ワルシャワ蜂起の鎮圧に参加したという主張がなされている。

フタ・ピェニャツカの大虐殺

1944年の冬から春にかけて、師団はウクライナ西部でポーランド人村落を破壊した[27]。1944年2月23日、師団所属部隊のうち（第4、第5連隊とされているが、1944年5月まで訓練を行っていた）2つの部隊が、ユダヤ人の隠れ家で[28]、またポーランド国内軍、共産ゲリラの本拠地[28][29]フタ・ピェルニャツカでポーランド国内軍、および赤軍パルチザンの掃討活動に参加した。先に部隊から分遣されていた兵士のうち二名が襲撃を受けていたこともあり、フタ・ピェルニャツカでは大虐殺が発生、村は破壊され、500から1,200名が殺害されたとされるが、資料によって説明は異なっている[30][31]。ポーランド側の情報によると、村人らは逃げようとしたが、情け容赦なく納屋に閉じ込められ、焼き殺されたとしている[32]。ウクライナ国立学士院歴史研究所によれば、師団の第4、第5連隊は実際に村の中で住民を殺害したと結論付けたが、ポーランドにおける目撃者の主張は「信じることは疑わしい」と付け加えている[33]。

ポーランド国内軍が毎週公表していた資料、「赤色の土地公報 Biuletyn Ziemi Czerwienskiej」の1944年3月26日付第12号によれば、ピドカーミニ、ブロディでの戦いの間、捕虜となったガリツィア師団の将兵200名はソ連の赤軍に連行されたとしている。彼等は2週間前にフタ・ピェニャツカでポーランド住民の殺害に参加しており、その中に捕虜であった赤軍将兵が含まれていたという容疑で、ズバーラジュ城で射殺された。

フタ・ピェニャツカにおける例を除けば、ウクライナ西部からポーランドにおける民族浄化において目立った行動は記録されていない[27]。

1944年3月2日、師団内の広報誌においては、ウクライナの青年に向けられる記事が師団長によって書かれた。そこには、ポーランド人、ウクライナ人の殺害行為はソビエト連邦によるものとされており、さらに「とてつもないそのような非人道的行為を行った人々がウクライナで見つかったならば、彼等は永遠にウクライナから追放されるであろう」と述べられていた[28]。

ワルシャワ蜂起

SSガリツィア師団がワルシャワ蜂起鎮圧に加わったという主張は長年、論議の対象となっている。ポーランドの歴史家、ルィシャルト・トシェツキとアンジェイ・ジェンバの調査によれば、ワルシャワ蜂起の間、「ガリツィア」の軍服を着た部隊は存在しなかったとされている。

カナダ戦争犯罪調査委員会

1986年10月、カナダの「戦争犯罪調査委員会」においてジュールズ・デッシュネス（Jules Deschênes）判事は以下の論評を行った。

イタリア（の捕虜収容所）に居た時、これらの人々はソビエト連邦とイギリスの作戦から隠匿されており、それ以降も西側連合軍と戦った事や、非人道的行為を行ったという証拠は明るみにでなかった。カナダへの入国以降の彼等のふるまいは素晴らしく、そしてどのような形であれ、彼等が少しもナチスのイデオロギーに染まっていないことを示してくれている。これらの人々を調査した陸軍省による特別報告によれば、ナチス・ドイツがソビエト連邦に侵攻した後、早期に占領されたウクライナ西部においてそれまでのソビエト当局の圧制に苦しんでいたウクライナ人が自らの民族主義的動機からソビエト赤軍に対する義勇兵に参加したことは明らかである。共産主義者により、彼等が他の亡命者のように「売国奴」「戦犯」とするプロパガンダが行われたが、戦争犯罪について容疑を特定したものがソビエト連邦を含める諸国から提出されなかったことは注目すべき点である。

さらに委員会は以下の声明を発表した。

56 - ウクライナの委員会により、OUN/UPAの活動上にガリツィア師団を含めるべきではないこと。57 - 元ガリツィア師団の将兵がカナダに入国する際、個人個人について調査を行ったこと。58 - ガリツィア師団の戦争犯罪容疑については1950年の調査では実証されておらず、さらに1984年の再調査においても、当委員会でも実証されなかった。59 - さらに、関与した証拠、または特定の戦争犯罪についての知識無しでガリツィア師団を基礎するには不十分である事。60 - 1950年、カナダ当局はガリツィア師団が関連していた事実に気づいており、カナダへの入国許可に関連して虚偽、不正行為、資料の隠匿が行われなかったため、彼等の入国拒否、及び追放を行うことができなかった。61 - いずれにせよ、サイモン・ヴィーゼルタール氏によって非難されたガリツィア師団の将校217名の内、187名はカナダに決して足を踏み入れず、11人がカナダで死亡、2人は出国、16人は起訴が確立されることなく、最後の1人は不明である[34]。

特別注釈

ウクライナの委員会による概略報告においてはOUN/UPAはガリツィア師団の問題について調査は含まれていなかった。しかし、委員会は以下のことを結論付けた。

ガリツィア師団…狂信的ナチスによって編成されたエリート師団ではなく、彼等自身も戦争犯罪に苦しんだ。また、ガリツィア師団については多くの本で言及されているが、SSロシア師団（第29SS義勇擲弾兵師団 RONA（ロシア第1）、第30SS武装擲弾兵師団 （ロシア第2））についてはほとんど知られていない。 — Ukrainian State Commission on OUN/UPA Activities , 2005, [35]

ノーマン・デイビス教授は師団がドイツに協力したという問題について議論する際に次のことに注意すべきとした。

武装親衛隊の義勇兵の多くは、ヨーロッパ西部出身者が多く、その中でも最も多くの義勇兵が参加した国はオランダであった。ベルギーからも2個師団分の義勇兵が集まり、フランスからも集まった。私の心の中の驚きは（オランダ、ベルギーより）大きな国であるウクライナがたった1個師団しか出さなかったことである。…（中略）…さらに驚くべきことは（ドイツ軍内に）少数のウクライナ人がいたことであり、例えば、ウクライナ人よりも多くのロシア人がドイツ軍と共に戦っていたことをウクライナ人は知らなかった。…（中略）…ソビエト連邦のプロパガンダにより、ロシア人がドイツ軍に参加したことは忘れ去られたが、ウクライナ人が参加したことはとても強く印象付けされ、記憶されている。 — Andrew Gregorovich, Forum, No. 95, Spring, (1997), p. 34

師団の名称

師団は短い期間、活動したのみであるが、その間に何度も名称を変更している。

  • SS防衛師団「ガリーツィエン」（SS Schuetzen Division "Galizien"） もしくはガリツィア師団（ Galizien Division） ：1943年7月30日－1943年8月（編成中）
  • SS義勇師団「ガリーツィエン」（SS Freiwilligen Division "Galizien"）：1943年8月－1944年7月27日（訓練中）
  • 第14SS武装擲弾兵師団 （ガリツィア第1）（14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (Galizische Nr.1)）：1944年8月－1944年冬
  • 第14SS武装擲弾兵師団 （ウクライナ第1）（14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (ukrainische Nr.1)）：1944年冬－1945年春
  • ウクライナ国内軍第1ウクライナ師団（1 Українська дивізія Української Національної Армії）：1945年春以降

師団長

着任 離任 階級（当時） 氏名
1943年6月30日 1943年11月20日 親衛隊中将 ヴァルター・シーマナ
de:Walter Schimana
1943年11月20日 1944年4月22日 親衛隊少将 フリッツ・フライターク
en:Fritz Freitag
1944年4月22日 1944年7月 親衛隊少将 ジルヴェスター・シュタドラー
en:Sylvester Stadler
1944年7月5日 1944年9月 親衛隊少将 ニコラウス・ハイルマン
en:Nikolaus Heilmann
1944年9月5日 1945年4月24日 親衛隊少将 フリッツ・フライターク
en:Fritz Freitag
1945年4月24日 1945年5月8日 陸軍大将 パウロー・シャンドルーク
en:Pawlo Schandruk

注釈

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ Orest Subtelny. (1988). Ukraine: a History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pg. 457
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Galicia Division: The Waffen-SS 14th Grenadier Division, 1943-1945. Altglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Military History. (1997). 
  3. ^ Timothy Snyder. (2004) The Reconstruction of Nations. New Haven: Yale University Press: pg. 218.
  4. ^ John A. Armstrong. (1963). Ukrainian Nationalism. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 18-19 Armstrong stated that the UNDO was "definitely democratic" in character, with varying amounts of Catholic, liberal, and socialist ideology embedded in its program"
  5. ^ a b c John A. Armstrong. (1963). Ukrainian Nationalism. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 170-175
  6. ^ Michael O. Logusz. (1997). Galicia Division: The Waffen-SS 14th Grenadier Division, 1943-1945. Altglen, PA:Schiffer Military History Pg. 62. In an article entitled Around the SS Division Galiica published in the OUN-B's underground newspaper, the Division was claimed to be formed by the Germans in order to "deprive (the Ukrainian movement) of its active element" by "throwing it away as cannon fodder", emphasizing that the Division was to be "a typical colonial element, somewhat comparable to the British Army's Indian or New Zealand Divisions" and concluding that "today, we have no doubts that not a Ukrainian, but a German colonial element is forming. The attitude of the Ukrainian nation to it, as it was to all previous German experiments - negative."
  7. ^ Чуев, С. - Украинский легион - М. 2006 с. 328
  8. ^ Чуев, С. - Украинский легион - М. 2006 с. 326
  9. ^ a b Michaelis, Rolf "Esten, Russen und Ukrainer in der Waffen-SS" ISBN 3938392258 Winkelried-Verlag 2006
  10. ^ Samual W. Mitchum Jr. (2007). The German Defeat in the East, 1944-1945. Stackpole Books, ISBN 0811733718. pg. 74.
  11. ^ a b c d e Samuel W. Mitchum Jr. (2007). The German Defeat in the East, 1944-1945. Stackpole Books, ISBN 0811733718. pp. 74-86
  12. ^ History of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union 1941-1945. Moscow. (1962). p. 590.  cited in Michael Logusz's Galicia Division: the Waffen-SS 14th Grenadier Division, 1943-1945. Altglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Military History, pg. 490. "Although SSSR 1941-1945 does not identify exactly the two tank and one infantry division conducting the counter attack on 15 July, the "Galicia" Division was the infantry division dispatched for the counter attack."
  13. ^ Interview with Dr. Jan Stanislav May 2000
  14. ^ Karel Prusnik-Gasper, Gemsen auf der Lawine. Der Kдrntner Partisanenkampf (Ljubjana/Klagenfurt 1981)
  15. ^ a b WOLF-DIETRICH HEIKE.UKRAINISCHE DIVISION "GALIZIEN". Geschichte der Aufstellung und des Einsatzes (1943-1945) 1970
  16. ^ "ss galizien" (英語). 2003年2月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年6月12日閲覧。
  17. ^ On-line Ukrainian-language translation Of Wolf-Dietrich Heike's book THE UKRAINIAN DIVISION "GALICIA" THE HISTORY OF ITS FORMATION AND MILITARY OPERATIONS The English-language synapse mentions that the Division "distinguished itself" and maintained a sector of the front until German capitulation.
  18. ^ Michael Melnyk. (2007). To Battle: The Formation and History of the 14. Gallician SS Volunteer Division. Helion and Company. ISBN 1874622191 pg. 262. Cited from Personal-Akte A3343-SSO-133 (ff. 25-26) NA.
  19. ^ Michael Melnyk. (2007). To Battle: The Formation and History of the 14. Gallician SS Volunteer Division. Helion and Company. ISBN 1874622191 pg. 268
  20. ^ Gosztony, Peter, Endkampf an der Donau 1944/45, Wien: Molden Taschenbuch Verlag, 1978. ISBN 3-217-05126-2
  21. ^ Howard Margolian. (2000). Unauthorized Entry: The Truth about Nazi War Criminals in Canada, 1946-1956. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8020-4277-5. pg. 135
  22. ^ "DYWIZJA SS "GALIZIEN"" (英語). 2009年6月12日閲覧。
  23. ^ "Personnel". Galicia Division .com (2009年). 2009年6月12日閲覧。
  24. ^ "Ukrainian SS 'Galicia' Division allowed to settle in Britain". UK National archives (2005年8月). 2009年6月12日閲覧。
  25. ^ "War criminals: The Deschenes Comission". Library of Parliament (Canada) (1998年10月16日). 2009年6月12日閲覧。
  26. ^ Howard Margolian. (2000). Unauthorized Entry: The Truth about Nazi War Criminals in Canada, 1946-1956. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8020-4277-5. pp. 132-145
  27. ^ a b Timothy Snyder. (2004) The Reconstruction of Nations. New Haven: Yale University Press: pp. 165-166
  28. ^ a b c Institute of Ukrainian History, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Chapter 5, p. 283
  29. ^ [1] （ポーランド語）
  30. ^ Ukrainian archives
  31. ^ [2] （英語）
  32. ^ [3] （英語）
  33. ^ Institute of Ukrainian History, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Chapter 5, pp. 283-285
  34. ^ "galiciadivision". 2009年6月12日閲覧。
  35. ^ Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Section 10, pg.20- 22

文献

  • Jurij Kyryczuk, "Problem ukraińskiej kolaboracji w czasie II wojny światowej" in "Polska-Ukraina" vol 6. , Karta, Warszawa 2002, ISBN 8391511154, pp. 244–266 （ポーランド語）
  • Caballero Jurado, Carlos. Breaking the Chains: 14 Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS and Other Ukrainian Volunteer Formations, Eastern Front, 1941-45. Halifax, West Yorkshire: Shelf Books, 1998 ISBN 1-899765-02-6
  • Davies, W.J.K. (1981). German Army Handbook 1939-1945 (Second U.S. Edition ed.). New York: Arco Publishing. ISBN 0-668-04291-5. 
  • Hieke, Wolf-Dietrich (1988). The Ukrainian Division 'Galicia', 1943-45, A Memoir. Shevchenko Scientific Society. ISBN 0-9690239-4-4. 
  • Landwehr, Richard. Fighting for Freedom: The Ukrainian Volunteer Division of the Waffen-SS. 2nd edition. Silver Spring, Maryland: Bibliophile Legion Books, 1985 ISBN 0-918184-05-3
  • Logusz, Michael O. (1997). Galicia Division: The Waffen-SS 14th Grenadier Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 0-7643-0081-4. 
  • Melnyk, Michal James (2002). To Battle, The History and Formation of the 14th Waffen SS Grenadier Division (second updated edition 2007 ed.). Helion and Co. ISBN 978-1-874622-19-2. 
  • Munoz, Antonio J. (1991). Forgotten Legions: Obscure Combat Formations of the Waffen-SS. Axis Europa. ISBN 0-7394-0817-8. 
  • Quarrie, Bruce (1983). Hitler's Samurai: The Waffen-SS in Action. Arco Pub. 161 pp.. ISBN 0-668-05805-6. 
  • Williamson, Gordon (1995). Loyalty is my Honor. Motorbooks International. 192 pp.. ISBN 0-7603-0012-7. 
  • Wiktor Poliszczuk Bitter Truth, 403 pages, ISBN 0-9699444-9-7

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