100 remains

100 remains (the remains which how about how) are remains in Minami-Alps-shi, Yamanashi (former 100, Shiranecho, Nakakoma-gun). Vestiges of a colony mainly on the Heian era.

A horse cow bone more than for 100 excavates it in a "worth" sumi painting earthenware vessel and Nara ceramic ware, the whole remains other than more than 250 house traces at a large-scale peace village with a few similar instances in the prefecture, and the remains of an ancient structure which four horse bones were buried at the same time in a pit are seen. I put on others, a copper mirror with a frame of eight petals, our nation 12 sen "Jinguu open treasure" and strapwork, a copper weight, pan, and a variety of remains of an ancient structure, remains including 葬遺構 are discovered, and it is thought that it is the central village of the west county area having the central government and possibility related to.

Table of contents

A location and geographical historic environmental

It is located in the area from prefecture central part, Kamanashi River called the west county area of the western part of Kofu Basin and to the west. Altitude is around 335-340 meters. Imperial envoy River of the pot no branch cruises in the east in a south style, the northern part, and Kamanashi River is located in 扇央部 of the very large alluvial fan where the 100 remains were formed of Imperial envoy River in the eastern part. Both pot nothing, Imperial envoy rivers change land along a river flourishingly from ancient times, and paths of old manners of 幾筋 are distributed over the basin in the river which gave flood damage to the west county area, but the land along a river of the abolished river is located in Imperial envoy Kawaminami ducts in the southern part of the former Imperial envoy river in the northern part.

It is thought that the archaeology remains are thin because stable domiciliation is difficult, and most of remains flow out because the west county area is a flood plain of the Imperial envoy River, and the distribution investigation by the former Shiranecho Board of Education was carried out in (1972) in 1972, but excavation is performed with the development in the west county area including the Kosei bypass and central part crossing Expressway in succession in the late 90s, and it is found that vestiges of a colony in peace, the Middle Ages are distributed over the west county area.

I am 巨麻郡 (Koma county) under the Law Code system, but the comparing and drawing conclusions volost is unidentified. With adjacent former Hatta-mura level, is equivalent to "巨麻郡馬相野空閑地五百町" which Todoroki (roar) volost (with the opinion which the opinion which "Todoroki" performs comparing and drawing conclusions in former Todoroki, Katsunuma-cho equal to the Yamanashi county, and assumes this the enclave of the Koma county is convincing, but assume the place name of "100" 遺称 because "Todoroki" is the place name coming from land along a river, and does comparing and drawing conclusions in the Todoroki town) seen in "和名類聚抄" and the Kuzuhara Imperial prince seen in an article (835 years) for "biography of an emperor Showa era two years on a day sequel to" were given; it is thought that local. In addition, is written down for the real nature signature of Honomi Shrine of former Kushigatamachi Takao located of the remains southwest with "worth country Hatta Mimaki north Takao", and is equivalent to 八田牧 (Hatta Mimaki, Hatta Zhuang) which on earth is established in the Middle Ages; it is thought that local.

The range of 100 remains extends over 840 meters of north and south, but the exact scale is unidentified because the earth and sand deposit to the east and west, and grasp of the remains distribution is insufficient.

The remains dating back to Jomon, Yayoi are seen in the outskirts, but vestiges of a colony of the Middle Ages are deep, and they are distributed mainly from Nara, the Heian era. The remains of stage, the remains of Enokibaru, Tenjin, Enokibaru, Ishimaru remains, 100 remains including slope ノ 上姥神遺跡 and the remains of the same period are seen in the eastern part of 100 remains and have the possibility that these are villages of the whole area pointed out.

Similarly, in the northern part, remains of Yagoshima group in peace, the Middle Ages is distributed over the remains of Otsuka, the remains of stone bridge Kitayashiki, the Tateishi bottom remains across the duct in front of Imperial envoy River equal to the former Hatta-mura area in Imperial envoy river existing duct and the Yagoshima whole area caught in from 100 remains.

In addition, a Kannon with eleven faces image is enshrined in Hase-dera Temple of Enokibaru equal to the spring point at a temple having open wound tradition of the Tenbyo era year. When I collect faith as the protection of the original seven volost for a long time, and praying for rain was performed, I excavate the remains in the Heian era from a reason, the outskirts (the remains of Hasedera).

A village moves to the 100 area across a duct in front of Imperial envoy River after the early ninth century when a village converges in the Yagoshima whole area, and development advances from the distribution situation of the remains in such the Yagoshima, 100 area widely in both areas in the twelfth century when 八田牧 is established, and the change process when development was performed equally is assumed.

Excavation and detection remains of an ancient structure, exhumation remains

In the whole area where remains are distributed over, use of land was done as an orchard, but I hang it with construction of the (1998), repair of National highway No. 52 (Kosei road) with the Ministry of Construction Kofu construction office and central part crossing Expressway by Japan Highway Public Corporation on June 12 from May 7, the same year in 1998, and a trial boring investigation is performed for reserve cultural assets confirmation. Pass to 840 meters in the construction division in this investigation; remains of an ancient structure of Yayoi, the Burial Mound age was accompanied by remains, but the existence of the huge village mainly composed of remains of an ancient structure and remains in the Heian era was estimated, and the Yamanashi Board of Education received a trust in 1999, the following day, and the excavation with the Yamanashi reserve cultural assets center was carried out parallel to construction.

"100" of the larger section of a village has its terms of reference stolen by remains name over 840 meters of north and south, 43,600 square meters to include plural subsection area. The investigation was carried out while performing the adjustment with the construction process, and the investigation ward from 1 to six wards was set. The excavation of four or five wards of a one-third west performed underpass Suido Construction construction 1-3 wards equal to two-thirds east side of the route where elevated leg construction was carried out in 1999 in 2000, the following day was performed. In addition, it is thought that the scale of remains extends outside the terms of reference.

A dark brown earth layer of the beginning is a layer of relics in the Heian era and remains of an ancient structure dig it to the lower yellowish-brown earth layer and are crowded in order of a dark brown earth layer, a yellowish-brown earth layer, a dark browner earth layer under the cultivation earth layer in the layer opening. Furthermore, the lower dark brown earth layer becomes the layer of relics of the Yayoi period.

One ward of

One ward is located at the northernmost tip of east side. As for the remains of an ancient structure, three 80 remains of a dugout of the Heian era, erecting pillars foundationlessly on the ground erecting the first pillar thing traces, 23 pits, groove Article 16, 764 pits, furrow form remains of an ancient structure 1 are detected. The house trace appears from the late eighth century and is based on the late tenth century from the early ninth century and decreases after the eleventh century. The main shaft of the house trace is East-West directions.

The exhumation remains are excavated with remains of an ancient structure, and green glaze earthenware, Nara ceramic ware earthenware, metal product, stoneware, iron refuse, carbonization materials, a carbonization seed excavates it black earthenware vessel, ash glaze earthenware unglazed earthenware, an earthen vessel of the Heian era. A horse deer wild boar of the Heian era is excavated with the animal corpse [¹]. Others, earthenware in the Yayoi Period of the Yayoi period and the large making a stoneware stone ax are excavated, too. There are few remains out of the remains of an ancient structure.

I am excavated with the animal corpse from the pit inside and outside, and four bodies excavate it in the state that a frame was buried at the same time from head to foot of the horse above all from an 18 pit. Four simultaneous burials are the country in Yamanashi, but of the similar instance there is few it, and attract attention from a relation with Mimaki of the worth country in the ancient times in black horse tradition and the documents historical study of the worth.

13 points of sumi painting earthenware vessels, 17 points of 刻書土器 are included in an exhumation earthenware vessel, and letters such as "ki" "X" "King" "life" are made out a "worth" "plus" "five" "profit" "tree" with the sumi painting earthenware vessel in 刻書土器. "The worth country Yamanashi county front gate" which writes a spatula in the Haji tableware base, and was done in 9-10 centuries when a similar instance excavated the "worth" unglazed earthenware cup written down of the name of a country excavated from a 31 house trace in particular from the remains of Otsubo of Kofu-shi attracts attention from a thing alone. The Nara ceramic ware small pot piece that it is thought that it is a remain about Buddhism is excavated from a 33 house trace. It is an exhumation example of the third case in the prefecture following the remains of Miyanomae (1992) of 韮騎市, Tateishi lower remains (2001) of former Hatta-mura in, prefecture, and two points of ceramic ware, 二彩 excavate it.

2.3 wards of

The correction of this knob is expected.

Two wards are located in the east side center of remains. Detection remains of an ancient structure are 溝状遺 of a lot of pits of 50 house traces of the Heian era mainly on 9-10 centuries, 11 building with the base of pillars placed directly in the earth traces, majority, number article, furrow form remains of an ancient structure 3. Ironware, a whetstone, a go stone, Maruishi, a stone mallet, the iron refuse such as an animal corpse, pliers, a sickle, the sword children such as a glaze earthenware, mirror (copper mirror with a frame of eight petals), obi decoration tool green as for the exhumation remains unglazed earthenware, an earthen vessel, ash glaze earthenware, copper money (our nation 12 sen "Jinguu open treasure"), the horse cow.

With the worth type earthenware vessel that the inside is black as for the unglazed earthenware among exhumation remains and an earthenware vessel of Shinshu origin the container class a cup, a wooden bowl, a plate, a pot. As for the copper money, in 遺存状態, some bad letters of the things are distinguished by excavated our nation 12 sen "Jinguu open treasure" by a 43 house trace. The copper mirror with a frame of eight petals excavates it in the state that I leaned against a stone in the right eyelet which the remains of the 34 house trace concentrate on out of カマド and is. Part of pattern melts, but 遺存状態 is good. The copper mirror with a frame of eight petals was used for the class of nobles as cosmetics late in the Heian era, and excavates a lot it from the eastern part of basin which is land which a provincial governor rules over area in the prefecture, and there is the exhumation example of the remains of Miyanomae of Nirasaki-shi where the remains of 100 are near.

Three kinds of the horse cow Homo sapiens are excavated from two wards with the animal corpse. The horse is excavated from house traces, and a mandibular tooth, a maxillary tooth is confirmed upper incisor lower incisor other than cranial bones. It is pointed out for one minute that attrition (so already) gets worse. As for the cow, mandibular tooth, maxillary tooth, tooth root parts are confirmed lower incisor other than cranial bones, the right metatarsal bone. The state ranges from non-attrition to the eruption period, deciduous tooth. One point of molar tooth piece excavates the Homo sapiens from a house trace.

4.5 wards of

The correction of this knob is expected.

Four wards are located in the western northern half. Other than 39 house traces, groove-formed remains of an ancient structure of the Heian era mainly on 9-10 centuries, くぼち 配石状遺構, pit, pit, pan getting covered 葬遺構 in the twelfth century, pit type remains of an ancient structure in the Kamakura era, earthenware vessel, pottery, horse cow bone, copper weight, it is Yayoi, an old burial mound earthenware vessel. The house trace has good 遺存状態, and the roof materials destroyed by fire are detected. The remains of an ancient structure about iron manufacture are not seen. The oxen and horses bone is detected in the house and a pit, groove-formed remains of an ancient structure.

As for the copper weight excavated with an unglazed earthenware small piece, weight is 59.9 grams with bunch waist form from the inside a pit. There are few exhumation examples nationwide, and the copper weight of the bunch waist form excavates it in the first exhumation example in Kokufu, government office facilities of area near Kyoto in the prefecture. Because weight is non-fixed-quantity, it is thought that I was used for a steelyard not a weight.

I put on a pan, and 葬遺構 is detected by a 4 pit of the north end near the village circumference, and the surface and the pan form earthenware vessel which a cut is put inside, and was divided intentionally are located on north and south both sides in a pit. A human bone piece is detected from the north side, but 遺存状態 is bad, and the lesions are not accepted. A human bone is not detected to a bent, but it is thought that it is burial with the body bent from the size of the pit in remains of an ancient structure of twelfth Kiyo from an earthenware vessel form. An opinion to be a grave system to the person who suffered from specific disease including Hansen's disease in a pan grave system in the middle early modern times to put it on, and to hang 葬 in the Tohoku district from the central part, the Kanto district, and to be seen is proposed. 百々遺跡の事例は鍋被り葬の年代をはるかに遡るものであるが、県内では類例が皆無で、平安集落における墓制が確認された事例も少なく、十分な検討は行われていない。

6区

The correction of this knob is expected.

百々遺跡のウマ・ウシ

日本列島では古墳時代にウマが渡来するが、山梨県・長野県にあたる中部高地におけるウマの渡来は西日本に先行し、古墳時代の4世紀後半代からウマが導入されている。山梨県でも古墳時代から奈良・平安時代を中心に30以上の遺跡からウマ骨の出土事例がある。百々遺跡の近在では、甲斐市志田のお舟山古墳から古墳時代のウマが出土している。平安時代では大林上遺跡、大木戸遺跡からの出土事例が知られる。

中世では甲府市古府中町の武田氏館跡において、戦国時代から江戸時代初期に推定されるウマ1体があり、解剖学的位置を保ち埋葬された状態で出土している。これは仏教思想に基づく埋葬形態であるとされ、百々遺跡Ⅰ区・18号土坑のウマ埋葬も同様に西面北枕であることから、仏教に基づき埋葬事例であると考えられている^[2]。

山梨県内においてウマ遺体は百々遺跡をはじめ豊富な出土事例があるのに対し、ウシ遺体は南アルプス市十日市場の二本柳遺跡で鎌倉期の出土事例があるのみで、出土事例が少ない。百々遺跡におけるウシ遺体の出土事例は、西郡地域において平安時代からウシ飼育が行われていたことを示す資料として注目されている。百々遺跡では全体でウマとウシが半数程度出土し、近在の平安後期から鎌倉時代の二本柳遺跡や南アルプス市大師の大師東丹保遺跡ではウマが主体となり^[3]、その背景には甲斐源氏の進出により乗用に用いるウマが好まれた可能性が考えられている^[4]。

百々遺跡出土のウシは遺存状態が悪く、咬耗状態による年齢の推定は困難であるが、乳歯の状態から雌個体が初産を迎える16から28ヶ月の個体がやや多いと考えられている^[5]。古代において食用としてのウシを入手し飼育することが可能であったのは裕福な上層階級であり、百々遺跡も中央政府と結びつきの強い政治的集落であると推定されていることから、百々遺跡においてウマを上回る量のウシ遺体が出土している背景には、組織的な飼育技術の導入があったとも考えられている^[6]。

脚注

1. ^ 『百々遺跡1』、p.203
2. ^ 『百々遺跡1』、p.18
3. ^ 植月2014）、p.326
4. ^ 植月（2014）、p.333
5. ^ 植月2014）、p.328 - 329
6. ^ 植月（2014）、p.331

参考文献

• 山梨県教育委員会 2002年『百々遺跡 1』（山梨県埋蔵文化財センター調査報告書第201集）
• 山梨県教育委員会 2004年　『百々遺跡2・4』（山梨県埋蔵文化財センター調査報告書第213集）
• 山梨県教育委員会 2004年 『百々遺跡3・5』（山梨県埋蔵文化財センター調査報告書第214集）
• 山梨県教育委員会 2005年 『百々遺跡6』（山梨県埋蔵文化財センター調査報告書第231集）
• 植月学「古代東国における牛肉食の動物考古学的検討」『山梨考古学論集Ⅶ 山梨県考古学協会35周年記念論文集』山梨県考古学協会、2014年

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