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The Ebine genus

The Ebine genus

The Ebine genus
Calanthe discolor2.jpg
Ebine (Calanthe discolor)
Classification
界 : Plant kingdom Plantae
The gate : Angiosperm gate Magnoliophyta
Rope : Monocotyledonous plant rope Liliopsida
Eyes : Orchid eyes Orchidales
Course : Orchidaceae Orchidaceae
The genus : Ebine genus Calanthe
Scientific name
Calanthea
Kind
  • Cf. text

The Ebine genus (- ぞく, Calanthea, Ebine, prawns root) is 1 genus of the Orchidaceae.

Table of contents

Outline

Ebine is the generic name of the thing included in the Orchidaceae Ebine genus (Calanthe) and is Japanese name of one kind of particularly C. discolor of those. I speak a summary of the Ebine genus earlier.

With カクチョウラン or silane, I belong to Ebine sub-ream (Bletiinae) of Ebine of the orchid subfamily (Orchidioideae) (Arethuseae).

Most are natives, but, in a perennial herb, rarely adhere it. Generally, the stem is short and a base is enlarged and becomes the corm and ranges in a short creeping stem. I soak approximately 2-10 pieces of thin leaves.

Around Southeast Asia, in the north, in the east, in Micronesia, the west, in the East Africa tropical zone and Madagascar, the south, one kind is only distributed over Colombia and the West Indies approximately 200 kinds more C. calanthoides from Mexico in the range to the northern part of Australia from India to Himalayas, China, Japan. Approximately 20 kinds grow wild in Japan.

All the seeds from Japan are the evergreen nature, but with the kind fallen leaves-related in tropical Asia (distribute the latter as Preptanthe subgenus Calanthe subgenus in the former). The green-related seed that it is the way it goes from the temperate zone forms a winter bud.

The inflorescence stands straight in a tuft. Colors of the flower are extremely various. There are many beautiful kinds to have a heated, and the cultivation for the admiration is prosperous, too.

There is an area to liken the form of the flower to Maitreya-bodhisattva descending from the The fourth of the six heavens in the world of desire in Japan, and to call "a Maitreya flower".

Kind from Japan

Ebine from Japan
Image Name (scientific name) General statement Positioning in the protection
  Ebine
(C. discolor Lindl.)
 The details refer to Ebine. Ebine and following calanthe discolor, drill sima Ebine, smell Ebine have fertility toward the hybrid by crossing possibility mutually. A consecutive crossing individual appears with the own cloth performing blend life under nature, and the complicated hybrid by mating more than three kinds is seen. Endangered II (VU) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  Calanthe discolor
(C. striata R.Br.
(syn. = C. sieboldii))

 It is the kind of the large pattern one size than Ebine. The yellow that the flower is big, and the petal is wide, and the whole is bright. In addition, a spur is short. I am distributed over Shikoku, Kyushu, Jeju Island from the Honshu southern coast. It is the kind that it is easy to relatively bring up for a progenitor, but seedlings are rarely produced artificially commercially because a gardening circulation price is cheap. Though an artificial increase is possible, it is a problem to be seen in overall progenitor Ebine that a wild collection product circulates. Endangered IB (EN) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  Drill sima Ebine
(C. aristulifera Reichb. fil.)
 The flower is strong in a tendency to look down. The petal is twisted. In addition, a spur is long and faces the top. A central sliver is big, and the labial palp is sharp before. The color of a flower is tinged with purple in white. I am distributed over Kyushu, Oshima, Amami from South Kinki region of Honshu. Fertility by the selfing is low, and the thing near purebred is hard to do the vegetation propagation. Endangered IB (EN) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  Oki re-sima Ebine
(C. izu-insularis (Satomi) Ohwi et Satomi
 With smell Ebine (in the gardening top, this is employed). I resemble drill sima Ebine, but there is a fragrance resisting a flower. In addition, a flower tends to open a little. The feature is that a leafstalk is hard. I produce it in Niijima, Kozushima, Mikurajima, Hachijojima of Izu Islands. The thing near purebred has weak property, and the cultivation is not easy. However, popularity is high, and the commercial artificial increase is tried for a progenitor for gardening exceptionally. Endangered IB (EN) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  Calanthe tricarinata
(C. tricarinata Lindl.)
 A kind to grow in the fallen leaves forest zone. The petal is green. The sliver of both sides is small, and the central sliver is approximately circular, and the labial palp is big, and a curl is central, and there is three crests form upheaval, and the relationship is red. It is distributed over Kyushu, Taiwan, the Himalayas by Hokkaido. I lack in heat resistance, and the long-term cultivation is difficult in the warm place. A natural hybrid (イシヅチ) is found between Ebine, and it blooms in other spring, and the artificial mating is possible with the kind, but, as for the hybrid, fertility lowers. Endangered II (VU) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  Natsu Ebine
(C. reflexa Maxim.)
 I soak a flower in summer. The flower is purple such as wisteria, and the petal warps. The inflorescence has the tip dripping until a flower blooms. On a leaf of the velvet is shiny. It is distributed over the southern part of China from Honshu by Kyushu, Korea. I may distinguish a thing with the hair as variety オクシリエビネ var okushirensis Tatew. on the back of the leaf growing wild in Hokkaido (Okushiri Island) and West Aomori. I lack in heat resistance and am hard to flower normally in the warm place. Endangered II (VU) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  Crane orchid
(C. furcata Batem.
(syn = C. hoshii S.Kobay)
(syn = C. triplicata (Willem.) Ames))


 It blooms in the summer. The flowers gather near the tip of the flower stalk and bloom. The flower is snow-white. The labial palp has a yellow lump thin in 四裂, the top surface of the base. In addition, a spur lengthens below into long pieces. It is from the subtropical zone and is lacking in cold resistance. There is the heat resistance and it blooms in the summer when I am poor at heat and is used for the mating parent with the colored seed. Endangered II (VU) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  Blue magpie Ebine
(C. masuca Lindl.
syn = Calanthe sylvatica auct. non (Thouars) Lindl.)

 It blooms in the summer. I resemble a crane orchid, but there is little number of the flowers, and the labial palp has a long spur more widely. The flower has pink purple, the bright crimson and violet-colored individual. The heat resistance is poor in Yamaji characteristics, and the cold resistance is weak, too. Endangered II (VU) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  リュウキュウエビネ
(C. okinawansis Hayata)
 There is confusion taxonomically for a long time. From a crane orchid and middle form of blue magpie Ebine, I am said to be the mongrel of both. I sell it as リュウキュウエビネ, and gardening crosses based on this seed and summer coming out kind domestic outside a crane orchid, blue magpie Ebine, others spread and accelerate confusion. As for the individual seen in nature, heat resistance, cold resistance is poor together, and the example maintained as a cultivation product is rare.
  ヒロハノカラン
(C. fauriei Shltr.)
 With Dharma doll Ebine. The figure resembles a crane orchid, but the petal is extremely short, and the labial palp is wide. Endangered IA (CR) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  Scouring rush orchid
(C. gracilis Lindl. var. venusta (Shchltr.) F. Maek)
 Because a false corm lengthened into long pieces, I likened it to the stem of the scouring rush. From South Kyushu from Ryukyu Islands, China to Malaysia, India. Associate; endangered (NT); (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  Forsythia suspensa Ebine
(C. lyroglossa Reichb. fil.)
 With スズフリエビネ. The flower is small, and there are many numbers and a majority looks down and blooms. It is from Yakushima and to the south and is distributed over China, the Philippines. Endangered II (VU) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  Graver orchid
(C. bungoana Ohwi)
 I follow a lot of small yellow flowers. It is inherent to a part of Oita. Because the name is a leaf similar to the graver so of the sedge. The cultivation is difficult. Endangered IA (CR) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  Kiso Ebine
(C. alpina Hook. fil var. schlechteri (Hara) F. Maek.)
 The flower is tinged with purple. The labial palp is not divided. I am distributed over the Honshu central part and a part of Shikoku. There is not heat resistance, and the property is weak, too, and the cultivation in the warm place is difficult. Endangered IA (CR) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)
  Kyn argus pheasant
(C. nipponica Makino)
 I soak a yellowish green flower in early summer. It is distributed over Kyushu by Hokkaido. I lack in heat resistance, and the cultivation in the warm place is difficult. Endangered II (VU) (Ministry of the Environment Red List)

List of kinds

Natural hybrid

Ebine has many natural hybrids. Ebine calanthe discolor drill sima Ebine smell Ebine can crossbreed it mutually in Japan, and the mongrel individual has ability to make a seed. One in search of a pure individual has difficult these in the blend district growing. On the other hand, the Calanthe tricarinata seems to be distantly slightly related hereditarily, and the fertility of the hybrid is not good. Therefore a mongrel individual seems to rarely leave a descendant, and the hybrid of monkey men line is rare in the natural world.

The name is added to the hybrid that can judge what kind of blood is mixed each by the pair of the parent. A representative thing includes the following things.

  • Takane: It is thought with the natural mongrel of Ebine and the calanthe discolor. I take middle various figures of both kinds. I resemble Ebine in the whole, but the labial palp has many things to be yellow.
  • Higo: A mongrel of calanthe discolor and drill sima Ebine. The flower is big and is tinged with yellow, but a purple-like color gets on and I look down a little and bloom.
  • Hizen: A mongrel of Ebine and drill sima Ebine.
  • A satsuma: A mongrel with Takane (Ebine calanthe discolor) and drill sima Ebine. A color has many things of the delicate hue. A star is showy, too.
  • Koo's: A mongrel of Ebine and smell Ebine. The flower appears at the middle of both, but there are many things which a smell resists.
  • イシズチ: A mongrel of Ebine and the Calanthe tricarinata. The labial palp is split a little, and a red color strongly appears.

It is really often told what kind of blood enters by "Takane system" "Koo system" and the binding that is vague so that it is said because there are many uncertain individuals.

Ebine as the gardening plant

There is a thing cultivated as 洋 run mainly on a kind native to the tropics in the Ebine genus and circulates in the name of カランセ or the calanthe. In addition, Ebine sometimes call the kind group native to the tierra templada mainly on the seed from Japan with Ebine orchid, and various gardening crosses by the artificial mating come to be produced in substitution for the progenitor individual which in late years it is hard to bring up in large quantities. It can be already said that it is a gardening plant about the cross.

On the other hand, there are many kinds that are still performed a market supply of by wild collection in the progenitor group, and the collection of the gardening purpose becomes the very big pressure factor for the nature population.

Where Japanese Ebine belongs to as a genre in the gardening is the place where an opinion is divided. Artificial mating advances too much to assume it one of the wild orchids and is too big and cannot be 洋 orchid. Still it is too much different from the Orient orchid in the history, and a sense of beauty includes dissociation. At first one in the fields and mountains grass seems to be a passable line.

There are approximately 20 kinds species from Japan as spoke on the top, but it is around five kinds and those mongrels such as Ebine, a calanthe discolor, drill sima Ebine, smell Ebine, the Calanthe tricarinata that is cultivated as Ebine flourishingly soon.

The seed from the subtropical zone including blue magpie Ebine and the crane orchid of the South-West Islands is cultivated, but is considered to be the thing of the slightly different genre without treating both the appearance and the property in one (blue magpie Ebine, リュウキュウエビネ lack heat resistance, cold resistance and are not suitable for the cultivation of the beginner) of which is considerably different from the kind group mentioned above in a mass. However, I can crossbreed the ancestor of these south origin mutually, too, and a seed is born to a mongrel. The selective breeding is carried out by some gardening suppliers, too, and a superior sorting mating individual circulates. In addition, these groups from the subtropical zone and Natsu Ebine of the mainland, spring coming out group are available for mating for the time being. However, I hardly circulate generally because the fertility of the mongrel individual is low, and free mating breeding of after ages is difficult.

Cultivation

Because it becomes large with an orchid of the nature above the ground, a potted plant that I use the big bowl is common. I use the slightly coarse compost of relatively organic few eyes including the gravel of the mountain. Because I avoid the direct rays of the sun, rake reeds and make ventilation better.

If it is the shade of a tree, the outdoor planting is possible, too. A place with much humus is good. In addition, a lot of reference books about the cultivation are published and are available at the net bookstores.

It is not difficult for nourishment to multiply it by division, valve lying down, but because the cultivated individual may infect a viral disease for a long term, I crossbreed it artificially commercially and I bring up a seedling from a seed aseptically and often sell it.

With the general 洋 orchid, a technique to multiply the same individual in large quantities is established by tissue culture, but individual difference is intense for reactions for the plant hormone to use at the time of an increase in the case of Ebine, and the manual of the thing which there is not despite impossibility technically is particular about making it it. Because there is the problem of the virus of the old stock, the tissue culture does not give it off for constant seller-like production engineering with Ebine for the moment.

Handling of the mongrel

Among the Ebine breeders, I follow "Ebine" to say - Ebine to a progenitor, but there is custom not to touch "Ebine" for the name of the mongrel. However, I often call even a cross with "... Ebine" and "... Ebine orchid" because the general horticulturist is hard to understand what plant it is only by a mating name.

In addition, in the artificial cross of the orchid, a global system (association of royal gardening Sanders list in the U.K.) to name the cross that there is by lineage and the combination of parents, and to record exists. The first artificial crossbreeding is created using crane orchid and blue magpie Ebine by the Ebine genus in 1853 and is C. domini registered in 1856. This was the first artificial crossbreeding in Orchidaceae as well as the Ebine genus.

If a complicated artificial cross is various, I name other Ebine from Japan it and am registered, but it is limited to the individual which lineage can sail up to a pure progenitor individual what I can refer by a registration name. Because a mongrel of Ebine does not have so many individuals that lineage is certain, there is few it at the opportunity when those registration mating names are really used between people of hobby. Names of the natural hybrid including Takane and the satsuma are used well instead.

Ebine boom

To cultivate Ebine was carried out for a long time in Japan. It was a large orchid, and there was a gorgeous thing like a calanthe discolor, and fields and mountains grass booms were cultivated little by little more for some time by the thing which taste was felt although being quiet. The cultivation method of Ebine is written down in the gardening book "flower bed class and order" published at the end of 17th century. In such inside, a tendency to decrease gradually had the growth range. Still common Ebine was seen extremely commonly close. The calanthe discolors say that there was the place to bloom so that a valley looks like true yellow in South Wakayama.

It is the Ebine boom that it had from the late 1970s in the flow of the fields and mountains grass boom from the end of 1960s that this situation greatly changed. あっと言う間に全国に広がったブームは、各地で展覧会が開かれ、雑誌が発刊され、古典園芸植物や東洋ランに習う形でたくさんの品種が命名された。 品種名のついたものの中には高額で取引されたものもある。 しかし、それらの新品種は以前から栽培維持されていたわけではなく、大部分が山取り品であった。 当然ながら新たな株を求めて山に入るものが後を断たず、数年にしてもはや野外でエビネを見るのが困難な状況となった。

ところが、エビネ属はウイルスなどの伝染病にかかると観賞価値が著しく下がる特性があり、東洋ランのように投機対象にできるほどの栽培安定性は無かった。ウイルス防除の煩雑さに疲れた趣味家が次々と撤退し、このブームは十年をもたずして終焉。現在では山野草の中の一ジャンルとして安定した位置にあるが、販売流通しているのは種子から新規育成された交配種が大部分で、往時の野生品種で現存しているものは数えるほどしか無いようである。

幸いというべきかどうか、エビネは人工増殖がしやすい上に、カンランほど高値安定なイメージが定着しなかったためもあり、現在では山奥までもぐりこんで株漁りをする者が絶えない、という状況はさすがになくなった。その結果、目立たないところでは花を見かけることもないことはない、という程度には回復しているところもある。

なお、この間、ナツエビネはこのような流れの埒外に置かれたままで、大規模な乱獲はなかったようである。これは、高温を嫌い暖地で栽培すると落蕾したり花色が非常に悪くなること、個体変異が少なく趣味家の収集欲をそそらなかったこと、他種と交配すると後代の稔性が悪く、交配親としての利用価値に乏しかったなどの理由によるかと思われる[要出典]。

  ウィキスピーシーズにエビネ属に関する情報があります。
  ウィキメディア・コモンズには、エビネ属に関連するカテゴリがあります。

参考文献

  • 唐沢耕司・石田源次郎「エビネ属　形態と分類」八坂書房、1998年。
「https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=エビネ属&oldid=48346206」から取得

This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia The Ebine genus

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