Super bubble

Supermarket bubble Henize 70 [¹] which there is in Large Magellanic Cloud

Super bubble (Superbubble) is a cavity for several hundred light-year in diameter clogged up with gas of 10⁶K drifted in the space between the star by plural supernovas and stellar wind. There is it near the center of the old super bubble known as a local bubble and can distinguish the solar system because the dimming of the dust suddenly grows big when the borders exceed several hundred light-year.

Table of contents

Formation

A spectral class is seen in most of fixed stars of O and early B at around 100 times from 8 times of the sun mass in the group called the alumnus association. An O-type star of the large mass is strong in stellar wind, and a supernova explosion is caused at the end of the life.

The strongest stellar wind emits kinetic energy of 1,0⁴⁴ joules equal to a supernova explosion. Such a strong stellar wind can form a stellar wind bubble of dozens of light-year in diameter [²]. Similarly, the supernova wreckage produces a bigger shock wave, and the speed becomes number of the speeds per second 100km. The fixed star of the alumnus association is not tied gravitationally and goes away at 20km per second each other. As a result, have most of those supernova explosions in a cavity made by a strong stellar wind bubble [³]; [⁴]. The visible supernova wreckage is not made here, but the energy is converted into a shock wave. The enough big super bubble reaches the whole Milky Way disk and releases the energy in the space between galactic halo and Milky Way.

When a super bubble gets cold, the gas between the internal star is swept away and forms a substantial shell around a cavity. These husks were observed in a 21cm absorption line derived from hydrogen for the first time [⁵] and led to the formulation of the formation theory of the super bubble. I am observed as an X-ray absorption line derived from an internal heat source and the absorption line of the visible ray derived from an ionized husk, an infrared absorption line derived from a dust. X-rays and an absorption line of the visible ray are usually seen in a young super bubble, and an absorption line of 21cm is seen in the old, big supermarket bubble. Therefore I distinguish the latter and may call it a super shell.

The super bubble big enough can blow off all Milky Way disks, and can release the energy to halo and the outside space [⁶]; [⁷].

Example of the super bubble

• Anticenter shell: It is a super shell called "Snickers" once
• Henize 70 [¹]
• A local bubble: The solar system is included
• Monogem Ring^[8]
• N44 Superbubble^[9]
• Ophiuchus Superbubble^[10][11]
• The Scutum Supershell^[12][13]
• Orion-Eridanus Superbubble

Source

1. It is A SuperBubble In The LMC, Astronomy Picture of the Day, 1999-11-30 ^ ^{a b} Henize 70
2. ^ Castor, J.; McCray, R., & Weaver, R. (1975). "Interstellar Bubbles." Astrophys. J. It is L107–L110. (Letters) 200 Bibcode 1975ApJ...200L.107C. doi: 10.1086/181908. 
3. ^ Tomisaka, K.; Habe, A., & Ikeuchi, S. (1981). "Sequential explosions of supernovae in an alumnus association and formation of a superbubble." Astrophys. Space Sci. 78 (2): 273–285. Bibcode 1981Ap&SS..78..273T. doi: 10.1007/BF00648941. 
4. ^ McCray, R.; Kafatos, M. (1987). "Supershells and Propagating Star Formation." Astrophys. J. It is 190–196. 317 Bibcode 1987ApJ...317..190M. doi: 10.1086/165267. 
5. ^ Heiles, C. (1979). "H I shells and supershells." Astrophys. J. It is 533–544. 229 Bibcode 1979ApJ...229..533H. doi: 10.1086/156986. 
6. ^ Tomisaka, K.; Ikeuchi, S. (1986). "Evolution of superbubble driven by sequential supernova explosions in a plane-stratified gas distribution." Publ. Astron. Soc. It is 697–715. Japan 38 Bibcode 1986PASJ...38..697T. 
7. ^ Mac Low, M.-M.; McCray, R. (1988). "Superbubbles in Disk Galaxies." Astrophys. J. It is 776–785. 324 Bibcode 1988ApJ...324..776M. doi: 10.1086/165936. 
8. ^ Monogem Ring, The Internet Encyclopedia of Science
9. ^ N44 Superbubble, Astronomy Picture of the Day
10. ^ Yurii Pidopryhora, Felix J. Lockman, and Joseph C. Shields. The Ophiuchus Superbubble: A Gigantic Eruption from the Inner Disk of the Milky Way, The Astrophysical Journal 656:2, 928-942 (2007)
11. ^ "Huge 'Superbubble' of Gas Blowing Out of Milky Way." PhysOrg.com. (January 13, 2006). http://www.physorg.com/news9882.html July 4, 2008 reading. 
12. ^ STIS and GHRS Observations of Warm and Hot Gas Overlying the Scutum Supershell (GS 018 - 04+44, The Astrophysical Journal
13. ^ Observational Evidence of Supershell Blowout in GS 018-04+44: The Scutum Supershell, The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 532, Issue 2, pp. 943-969.

Outside link

• Tenorio-Tagle, G., & Bodenheimer, P. "Large-scale expanding superstructures in galaxies". 1988, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 26, 145-197. General overview.

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