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Max Ernst

Max Ernst

Max Ernst
Max Ernst
Max Ernst 1976.jpg
The birth (1891-04-02) 1891April 2
German flag ドイツブリュール
Death 1976April 1(1976-04-01) (84 years old)
French flag Paris, France
Nationality German flag Germany
The well-known results Picture
Exercise, trend Dadaism, symbolism

Max Ernst (Max Ernst, from April 2, 1891 to April 1, 1976) is a German painter, sculptor of the 20th century. I was born in ブリュール in the suburbs of Cologne, Germany and was naturalized in のち France. It is one of the representative painters of the surrealism (surrealism) that I pass through Dadaism. The style diverges into many branches and makes full use of technique such as frottage (I begin to rub it), collage, the decalcomania.

Table of contents

Life

Birth

In 1891, Maximilien Ernst (max) assumes teacher of the deaf-mute school and amateur painter Philip Ernst father in ブリュール, and ルイーゼ is laid as mother. Father Philip is a strict Christian, and educate max as a pious believer, and use him as a model of the pictures ("portraits of Max Ernst as infant Christ"); [1] [2].

Times anthesis in Germany

For 1909 through 1912, learn philosophy, psychology, history of art boom in a university [1]; [2] [3]. Touch a picture of fin cent fan Gogh and want to be a painter [1].

In 1912 in "Rhineland expressionist group" of August Macke participation [1] [2]. With interchange with Guillaume Apollinaire and Robert Delaunay; with the "blue knight" group contact [2] [3].

In 1913, I meet Jean Arp [3].

In 1914, World War I breaks out. Is assigned to military duties as a gunner [1]; [2].

In 1916 the first exhibition [1] with Dadaists [3].

In 1917, "デア シュトゥルム" places the article "development of the color" [2].

In 1918, I marry ルイーゼ Strauss of the art museum bypass law of nature head [2].

In 1919, I meet Paul Klee [4]. When "the fashion prosper, and the art falls," I publish the collage album which I gave to Giorgio de Chirico [2].

In 1920, is prosecuted on the charge of pornography production, and receive a curse from father and the sympathy from the Dadaist of Andre Breton and others Paris, and exhibition holding is recommended [1]; [3]. Son Ulrich (Jimmy Ernst) birth [4].

Days of the adventure artistic in the Paris times

In 1921, I meet Paul Eluard and conclude the "one friendship of eternity" [1]. "Elephant production [2] of Celebes."

In 1922, visit エリュアール married couple in Paris; together "gods are unhappy" "repetition" publication [1] [2]. He has relations beyond the friendship with the Gullah エリュアール wife before not finishing a divorce with ルイーゼ, but Paul of the husband is absorbed in group love far from consenting tacitly [1].

In 1923, I exhibit a work at an independent exhibition exhibition [1].

In 1924, get praise in picture "beautiful woman gardeners" as キュビスト, but a work is carried away by the Nazis and expose it by "a corruption art exhibition" and is got [1]; (later description). エリュアール which traveled in Saigon, and was going to disappear persuasion [1] [2]. I sympathize with "surrealism declaration" of Breton and join the surrealism group [3]. Production [2] that "the child of two is threatened by a nightingale."

In 1925, is awakened to technique of the frottage [1]; [3]. I participate in a surrealism group exhibition [1].

In 1926, I publish "a natural history" [2]. I hold the first large-scale exhibition in Paris [3]. I produce clothes, a device for ballet of the Sergey D asafoetida lev with Joan Miro [1].

In 1927, I marry younger sister Mary belt オーランシュ of movie scriptwriter Jean Aurenche [2].

In 1929, I publish "100 women" [3]. By a request of Luis Bunuel, take care of a simple role of the movie "golden age" of him and Salvador Dali [1]; [2].

In 1930, I publish "the dream of a certain girl who was going to enter the Carmel monastic order" [1].

In 1931, I hold the first exhibition in the United States [4].

In 1934, I spend it with Alberto Giacometti in Switzerland and deal with a sculpture [1]. I publish "charity week" [4].

In 1935, "a nymph echo" produces "the whole view (complete city) of the city" [2].

In 1936, I make friends with Leonor Fini and associate for approximately two years [5]. Mary and separation [3].

In 1937, the criticism "equinoctial week of the picture" is placed in "cahier Dahl" [2]. A drama of Alfred Jarry produces a device of "ユビュ which was able to lead to a chain" [1]. I make friends with woman painter Leonora Carrington [1].

In 1938, I leave the group against an appeal of the exile of エリュアール from the surrealism group by Breton [1]. Emigrate to Carrington and sun Martin ダルデシュ, and deal with a cut of her novel "house "wife of the melon seed face" of the fear" [1]; [2].

In 1939, imprisonment and liberation are repeated as an inimical character foreigner with World War II outbreak [1].

In 1940, I am arrested by a government official and escape [2]. Carrington suffers from disease of mind by a shock though I flee into Spain and, after this case, splits up with hospitalization, Ernst [5].

Times persecution and exile in the United States

In 1941, is approached New York than escape, art collector Peggy Guggenheim who supported via Spain, and get married, but soon a divorce (double suicide of the max still included existence of Carrington) [1] [2]. I join this age Breton and settlement, exile シュルレアリスト group [6].

In 1942, I produce "European II after the rain" [2]. In New York, Chicago, New Orleans an exhibition [3]. Is awakened to Action Painting through an oscillograph (vibration drawing) [1]; [7]. I have contact with musician John Cage who was in Chicago and invite it to the home of New York.

In 1943, an encounter makes friends with Dorothea Tanning immediately.

In 1946, I marry タニング [3]. I emigrate to Arizona [1]. "Euclid" produces sculpture "Capricornus" [2]. Movie "dream script cooperation [8] of director Hans Richter to be able to buy with gold."

In 1948, I get American nationality.

I it again in later years in the Paris times

In 1949, come back to Paris, and regain the life with old friends [1]; [2] [3].

In 1950 in Paris a retrospective show [4].

For 1,954 years, is Venice biennale; grand prix receiving a prize [1] [2].

Breton and the insulation [2] that criticized winning Biennale award in 1955, and declared his exile from surrealism [3]. "Large Al bell toes" production [2].

In 1956, I am appointed Berlin art academist [4].

In 1958, obtain French citizenship [1]; [2].

In 1959 in Paris a great retrospective show [3].

In 1964, I publish "マクシミリアナ" [2].

In 1968, I deal with a device of ballet "la テュランガリラ" of Olivier Messiaen [1]. "Return production [2] of the beautiful woman gardener."

In 1972, I produce the cut of "the ballad of the soldier" of George rib mon デセーニュ [1].

For 1,975 years, is the Guggenheim Museum of New York; a great retrospective show [1].

In 1976, I die in Paris before a day from a birthday of 85 years old [2].

In 2005, it is opened Max Ernst Museum by hometown ブリュール.

Masterpiece

Work of the possession in Japan

Criticism

  • The equinoctial week of the picture (1937)

Anecdote

  • When I am delirious with a temperature having measles in childhood, the grain of wood of the panel of the mahogany of the ceiling becomes featured and is kept in the hallucination such as it being to a nose and the head of the bird and I often stare at walls after it and come to cause a hallucination. The max which did the same experience suddenly in a seaside inn in 1925 put paper on the grain of wood and rubbed with a pencil and learned that I looked carefully and got the idea of the picture afterwards. It was arrival to technique of the frottage [1].
  • In the next morning when ホルネボム of the parakeet which was (1906), a pet bird died in high school days, mother delivered younger sister Roni. The boy max was shocked and believed that a younger sister took in the energy of the bird and received life in the world, and since then the image of the bird became his important motif. The series that I arranged around king, ominous bird ロプロプ of birds in particular is a work of the places that he likes [1].
  • One of his masterpieces has "beautiful woman gardener" (1924) representing the whole body of the nude woman, but I am requisitioned by the Nazis which gained power and am exhibited at "a corruption art exhibition" with the insulting evaluation with "the insult to Germany woman" and just disappear. As for Ernst, a remake product announces "the return of the beautiful woman gardener" with nostalgia in 1967 [4].
  • It was Ernst who was a man with much love, but liked the relations that, for example, created it with a partner not what demanded the character of Muses from a woman to be for like Salvador Dali and Pablo Picasso and others, and raised it. It is remarkable in having continued having anything to do with a woman surrealism painter saying Mary belt オーランシュ, Leonora Carrington, Dorothea Tanning, Leonor Fini and メレット Oppenheim. I looked at the man in Ernst, and they did not become and would arrest the talent as the writer who had overwhelming charm [3].

Footnote

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai "Ernst exhibition pictorial record" (1977) Max Ernst autobiography memo 21~27p. Seibu Museum, Asahi Shimbun
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad art library "Ernst" abbreviation chronological history Ian Turpin (Kimiko Niizeki, reason) 26p.　Nishimura Bookstore
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p F yellowtail world excellent collection of pictures "Max Ernst" Max Ernst Tatsuhiko Shibusawa 4p. Heibonsha Publishers Ltd.
  4. Complete series of ^ a b c d e f g modern world art "Ernst / Miro" Yoshiaki Tono 144~147p.　Shueisha
  5. ^ a b Surrealism and womenWork building
  6. Blog of the ^ surrealism person's name encyclopedia wartime lower 1940-1945 years Japan art
  7. ^ "image of a human being Tokushima to be worried about for some reason Prefectural Museum of Modern Art perfect gem exhibition" pictorial record (1992) Saitama Prefectural Museum of Modern Art
  8. Blog of the ^ Max Ernst 1891~1976 Japan art

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