Franjo Tudjman
| Franjo Tudjman Franjo Tuđman | |
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| The term of office | 1990May 30 – July 25, 1990 |
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| The term of office | July 25, 1990 – 1999December 10 |
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| Birth | 1922May 14 Yugoslavian kingdom, ザゴラ |
| The death | December 10, 1999 (77 years old death) Croatia, Zagreb |
| Political party | The Yugoslavian Communist Party Croatian Democratic Union |
Franjo Tudjman (Franjo Tuđman, from May 14, 1922 to December 10, 1999) is a Croatian politician. The President of first Republic of Croatia. The family name may be transcribed into the Tsuji man.
Career
I am from ザゴラ. I join the Communist Party during World War II and participate in partisan. In 1961, it is taken office as a Zagreb worker exercise university president after military retirement at the rank of the senior general by Yugoslavian Federales. In 1965, I acquired a doctorate in Zagreb University, but it was arrested 2 degrees of 1972 and 1981 on the suspicion of having participated in a movement for racial liberation in Croatia, and rank and the decoration of the military were deprived of.
An antiforeign ideas-like movement for racial liberation to advocate the ヨシップ baths Tito principle of of 1980 Serbia supremacy to say, "Serbia led a federation in the ユーゴスラピア federation which constituted a multiracial nation and should govern Croatia Slovenia Macedonia" posthumously in Serbia which was the core of the Yugoslavian federation has begun to increase. Many Croats were ousted from a house and the workplace, a school by the pressure of the Serbian government official and they made it refugees and, by the surge of the movement for racial liberation in this Serbia, flowed into mother country Croatia from the various places throughout Serbia Bosnia. Tudjman distinguishes himself/herself as the foundation, a leader of the Croatia independence movement under the great support of these many Croat refugees in Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) where it is like the extreme right, xenophobia to a weapon in inborn acting power and political ability in 1989. Furthermore, by the free election carried out in 1990 that lasted, cause, HDZ of the support of many nations who desired independence put a record big win. As a result, Tudjman is elected to the President of first Republic of Croatia by the assembly where HDZ occupies the majority.
Tudjman who took office as the President declares "the establishment of purity nation 〟 for 〝 Croats based on the autonomy of the Croatian race" to be able to be called the virtual Declaration of Independence inside and out. I insisted, "Croatia should stay in a federation", and the Serbian organization in the Republic of Croatia against independence in Croatia strongly resisted this declaration. As a result, I confronted the Tudjman Administration who the Serbian organization in the Republic of Croatia which received support than the nationalist of the Serbian own country established State of Krajina Serbian autonomous district and east Slavonia バラニャ and west rem Serbian self-government and two self-government nations which said newly in the Republic of Croatia, and expelled many Croat inhabitants to live in in a self-government nation to the foreign territory (ethnic cleansing in the initial stage).
On December 21, 1990, the Tudjman Administration suggested it, and, after the approval of the republic assembly, Republic of Croatia constitution was revised. This revision specified the secession right from the Yugoslavian federation, the Croat national foundation based on the Croat self-determination. Above all, "the unification policy (as main content, the non-Croat to live in in a republic using Croatian as an official language, the believer of the Serbian Eastern Orthodox Church, Muslim do not publish Republic of Croatia identification card taking effect for the person who does not promise the loyalty to a thing, the Republic of Croatia converted to Roman Catholicism) based on the Croatian culture" was the thing which intended by the Serbian self-government nation of existing two, cancellation of so-called doubleness national polity in the Republic of Croatia, but it was "the final note from the Tudjman government" and received severe contents from the Serbian who did not participate in the self-government nation while the nationalist of the Serbia own country was strongly in repulsion, the Republic of Croatia saying "it is the open assimilationism for the Serbian to live in in a republic" (of pro-Croatia) and received criticism intensely saying "it is revival of Croat organization, Usu Tasha whom I taught puppet nation, Croatia independent countries in World War II" to from the Serbian in the Krajina Serbian autonomous district in the Tudjman government. The Krajina Serbian autonomous district largely strengthened a function of the autonomous government for a hard line of this Tudjman Administration and expanded the cause of the full-scale cooperation of Serbia-based Yugoslavia Federales, the equipment for militia markedly.
The Tudjman Administration who made independence an established fact on June 25, 1991 aims at own legitimacy and the diplomatic relations reinforcement with the Western countries and carries out "the referendum by the Croat" in the Republic of Croatia. I received a result of the overwhelming independent support, and the Republic of Croatia declared independence formally at last from a Yugoslavian federation with the Republic of Slovenia. However, sing "Serbian protection in the Republic of Croatia" suddenly, and, in July of the year, Yugoslavian Federales mainly composed of Serbian officers invades and attacks to capital, Zagreb. In October, 1991, the Serbian power of the Krajina Serbian autonomous district decided a large-scale armed uprising, too, and a civil war broke out. I held "only the police military" which strengthened 〟 Police mechanism for equipping it because ,〝 kept the appearance of the independent nation first of all without assuming full-scale independence wars in those days because slow independence became an established fact by diplomatic success of the Tudjman Administration in the Republic of Croatia. The Communist Party government of the Eastern European countries collapses as the Tudjman Administration, and this is because I did not assume it that Yugoslavia federation takes the action of the full-scale independence check by the armaments for Croatia which gets some agreement for independence under the international situation that victory of the Cold War by the Western countries becomes clear globally. The Croatia Police forces and the Croat militia inferior to for equipping it resisted Yugoslavia Federales which was a regular army and the Serbian power which received the military support such as heavy weapons in Yugoslavia intensely in each place although being full of the morale. However, as for the fall of capital Zagreb, the terrible sight of the local city which was burnt to the ground for bombardment of the day after day although I avoided it became the wretched thing.
In November, 1991, I received intermediation of EU (European Union), and both militaries agreed a cease-fire, but were the Croatian police forces, the complete defeat of the Croat militia militarily. In December, 1991, Serbian powers (Krajina Serbian autonomous district, Slavonia バラニャ, west rem self-government organization) in the Republic of Croatia are unified and declare independence as Krajina Serbian republic while United Nations protection forces (UNPROFOR) is dispatched for cease-fire monitoring. By virtual defeat, the Republic of Croatia will greatly lose the country.
In January, 1992, a cease-fire of Republic of Croatia forces and Yugoslavian Federales announces it formally, and the Republic of Croatia achieves full independence both in name and in reality.
In 1992, Tudjman was reappointed to the President of Republic of Croatia by a direct election. However, the militia in the Krajina Serbian republic where the independence professed itself to be reunification by Serbia of Croatia although I carried it out was still military threat. I developed a diplomatic war for isolation of Serbia and bound deep Germany and friendly relationship of the connection together historically and received supply and the military training of heavy weapons from an approach, both Germany United States in the United States which was negative against intervention to the Yugoslavia situation saying that I stimulated Russia, and the Croatia Police forces were promoted to the Republic of Croatia forces, and, as for Tudjman, former defeat was strengthened markedly by a lesson.
The Republic of Croatia forces are defeated in the Serbian power though I invade and attack in the Krajina Serbian republic which was under United Nations management, and, on January 22, 1993, an agglutination state continues. Tudjman let the Herzegovinian domain where a Croat power was superior establish ヘルツェグ = ボスナ Croat republic in the same year. And I intervened in a dispute in Bosnia and Herzegovina in merger to future Croatia in the field of vision and I cooperated with the Muslim who was made to stand and it was dominant and pushed forward a fight with the Serbian power in the numerical inferiority in the country. In March, 1994, the truce agreement with "Krajina Serbian republic" is concluded through the good offices of Russia.
In October, 1994, United States Russia, the United Nations, EU showed "peace plan to accept constant self-government to a Serbian" for the Republic of Croatia, but the Tudjman Administration refuses this. The Republic of Croatia insisted on cancellation of the mandatory administration by the United Nations, the withdrawal of the United Nations protection forces saying, "United Nations protection forces (UNPROFOR) deployed in the country was related by the established fact of the Krajina Serbian republic to becoming it". However, Tudjman compromises by the United Nations and persuasion of America, too, and I make a demand to reduce the stationing staff of the United Nations Protection Force to a one-third, but the discussion follows parallel lines. And I will invite the large-scale counteroffensive strategy of the Republic of Croatia forces as the final method of settlement of the country recovery for the Serbian power while expiration of the United Nations protection forces stationing approaches.
In May, 1995, the Republic of Croatia Government gets support of the United States and cancels cease-fire deal. It was lightning and invaded and attacked to the Krajina Serbian republic. The Serbian militia lost the fighting spirit by the beginning of the game in front of the Republic of Croatia forces proud of the overwhelming armaments and collapsed and started retreat hurriedly to the Serbia own country. I followed many Serbian inhabitants, and the whole west Slavonia district including ヤセノヴァツ put under the control of the Serbian power for a long time was released.
In August, 1995, Tudjman ordered "storm operation" by the Ante ゴトヴィナ instruction for whole area control of Krajina Serbian Republic who stayed, and the Republic of Croatia forces superior to a number, the equipment put decisive victory for inferior Serbian power. By the collapse of the Krajina Serbian republic, most of the Serbian inhabitants of the Krajina district (200,000) evacuated as refugees to the Republic of Serbia, and 60% of property which the Serbian power left were destroyed by a battle, and the Republic of Croatia forces and the police were sold to remaining by the requisition, the Republic of Croatia government. The Republic of Croatia forces and a power of Serbia ancestry agreed a cease-fire in the east Slavonia district, and many Serbian power and Serbian inhabitants evacuated in form to evacuate east Slavonia to the Serbia own country.
In November of the year, the power of Serbia ancestry abandons the sovereignty of east Slavonia where it remained in former Yugoslavia peace discussion last (I integrate it with Croatia within two years). The United Nations east Slavonia バラニャ and west rem Interim Administration Mission (UNTAES) unfolded, but the administrative authority of east Slavonia was transferred on January 15, 1998 by the Croatian government. The Serbian who occupied 12% of population of the Republic of Croatia decreased sharply in less than 5% after the dispute before the dispute.
Tudjman was reelected in spite of aggravation of the health condition for the third quarter in June, 1997. In 1999, I am hospitalized with stomach cancer. One week later, the Croatian Supreme Court pronounced, "temporary cannot labor" in Tudjman and transferred administrative power in parliamentary speaker ヴラトコ パヴレチッチ.
Tudjman taught Yugoslavian Federales superior to the armaments, the civil war with the Serbian power without flinching throughout and did a position as father of the Croatian independence that it was firm. The statecraft was occasionally said to be despotic, but I show strong leadership in accomplishing war, and, as for Tudjman who led the mother country to the independence, the fame is still praised in Croatia. I am looked down with the ambitious person who raised very much Croatian principles from the Serbian side, but the influence that experience in the partisan who participated during World War II gave to his personality is big, and it is said that a Serbian collaborative relationship was anxious about what was lost by independence of mother country Croatia with the Croat in the next federation. [the source required] was the person who had calmness to persuade to an executive of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) not the nationalist that the person was simple saying "should build the relations to leave the prison not other races ruling over other races in a federation and the cage which said together, and to become independent equally, and to cooperate" while sometimes fanning patriotism for the nation enthusiastically but. [要出典]セルビア人との民族紛争がその目的ではなく、クロアチア人と言う自民族の独立と安定こそがトゥジマン自身の人生だった、と言われている。
関連項目
外部リンク
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This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Franjo Tudjman
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