Ethylene
| Ethylene | |
|---|---|
 |  |
| Ethene | |
| Identification information | |
| CAS registration number | 74-85-1 |
| KEGG | C06547 |
| |
| Characteristic | |
| Chemical formula | C2H4 |
| Molar mass | 28.0 g mol-1 |
| The appearance | Colorless gas (normal temperature ordinary pressure) |
| Relative vapor density | 0.98 |
| Melting point | −169.2 ° C |
| The boiling point | −104 degrees Celsius |
| The source | |
| ICSC | |
| I can put a case, the data without the special mention for normal temperature (25 degrees Celsius), the ordinary pressure (100 kPa). | |
A hydrocarbon having two carbon that ethylene (in ethylene, the IUPAC glossology ethene (ethene)) was linked by double bond in molecular formula C2H4, structural formula CH2=CH2. It is simplest alkene.
Table of contents
Structure
The double bond between carbon - carbon of ethylene consists of σ combination and π combination. The electron which mixed sp2 is connected from the front and makes σ combination. In addition, it is π combination that occur by an electron of the p orbit which I do not mix making combination from the side. π combination is the combination that is easy to be sharp whereas σ combination is the strong combination that I am hard to cut. Because ethylene has double bond, I cannot turn with carbon chains like ethane. Therefore the ethylene derivatives such as 1,2-dichloroethylene can produce a cis-trans isomer.
Because ethylene takes plane structure, and two carbon atoms take the sp2 hybrid orbital, all bond angles are approximately 120 ゜.
A property and reaction
With colorless gas having a sweet odor, it is easy to react with a powerful oxidizer and is flammable again subtly.
It becomes the polyethylene when I polymerize it by チーグラー Natta catalyst. Reactivity is high and is used as raw materials of various compounds. For example, acetylene reacts ethylene with halogen and makes 1,2-dihalo ethane and I return it and am made with halo ethene, lithium aluminum hydride with potassium hydroxide. I spin-dry ethanol at 160–170 ℃ degree and can obtain it (dehydration in molecules).
By Wacker oxidation, I produce acetaldehyde.
Industrial manufacturing method
I mix a hydrocarbon mainly involving the naphtha with steam industrially and pyrolize it at a high temperature of around 800-900 degrees Celsius and I separate a product for the distillation and produce ethylene. This plant is called an ethylene plant and is the core facility of the petrochemistry factory.
As for the amount of production in Japan, 6,882,389t, the industrial consumption are 2,797,858t as industrial products in 2008 of ethylene [1].
Ethylene in the plant
I am composed in the plant through a course called methionine → S- adenosylmethionine (SAM) → 1 - aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) → ethylene. In this process, an ACC oxidizing enzyme participates in synthesis of ethylene from ACC ACC synthetase for composition from SAM to ACC.
It is one of the plant hormone. Generally, I inhibit growth and control the flowering sprout formation. For example, in the case of a potato, there is the property that a portent is controlled by ethylene. On the other hand, with some plants including the pineapple, the flowering sprout formation may be promoted by ethylene.
When water was given excessively, apoptosis is caused in a part of the cell of the root by ethylene, and an air tube with the function like the snorkel is formed.
In addition, ethylene participates in maturity such as "color" "softening" of the fruit. As for this, ethylene participates in cellulase, and it is thought that the destruction of the cell wall organization is derived. In addition, I show a peak of the production just after maturity by the fruit of the クライマクテリック type such as bananas generally and since then diminish gradually. The maturity of the banana advances early when I keep it near a banana because the apple produces ethylene gas. With the property to do xanthosis by ethylene spinach when the germination of the potato is controlled by ethylene when store an apple and a potato together, and save an apple and spinach together again [2].
A melon, a pear, the avocado release particularly a lot of ethylene other than an apple [2].
Furthermore, when infection and the organization of disease-causing germs (mold or bacteria) were damaged, ethylene is produced and is known to derive the defense reply to these. For example, protein with antibacterial action is derived by ethylene, and the defense mechanism that the infection of disease-causing germs prevents from opening is thought about. In addition, because ethylene is gas, it acts for other plants adjacent to the plant which caught the blight, and it is thought that I derive a defense reply.
Amount of production according to the country
The amount of production according to the country in 2008 is as follows [3].
| Order | Country | Amount of production (ten thousand ton) | Ratio (%) in the whole world |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  The United States of America | 2,355 | 21.3 |
| 2 |  China | 1,024 | 9.3 |
| 3 |  Korea | 707 | 6.4 |
| 4 |  Japan | 688 | 6.2 |
| 5 |  Canada | 428 | 3.9 |
| ‐ | World meter | 11,048 | 100.0 |
References
- ^ chemical industry statistics monthly report - Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
- ^ a b Hiroshi Kanno edition "encyclopedia p.32 Nitto study 1991 that knowledge on a wide variety of subjects is interesting"
- ISBN978-4-8176-0382-1 P,100 for ^ geography statistics handbook 2,014 years for
Allied item
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Ethylene
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