マクタブ

マクタブ (Roman letters are called Maktab, Arabic :مكتب‎, メクテブ) or クッターブ (Roman letters mean a school in kuttab, Arabic) is a word to mean an elementary course school in Arabic. Read and write to a child, and マクタブ is used to tell grammar, the things (English version) such as the reading aloud of the Koran about Islam, but of others is practical, and educate you about the theoretical matter [¹]. Until the 20th century, マクタブ was an only mass education organization in many areas of the Islam world.

マクタブ is merely mentioned as a word to mean an elementary course school in Arabic, but マクタブ is used in the Afghanistani Dally word and it is synonymous with the school including an elementary course school, the secondary education school in Afghanistan and is used. イブン スィーナー also used a word マクタブ in a similar meaning.

Table of contents

History

 

A teacher and the student whom I educate in マクタブ of Ottoman Empire

The elementary course school is known as マクタブ in the Islam world in the Middle Ages and can date back to this origin until at least ten centuries. As well as window Lhasa that performed higher education, マクタブ was built in form to be attached to the mosque [¹]. In the tenth century, Islam jurist イブン ハジャル Al = high Tammy (English version) of the Sunni exchanges a discussion about マクタブ [²]. For the orphan registered at マクタブ as for Al = high Tammy in the answers from a judge of the Shiah who retired who ran マクタブ for an orphan to the petition every; is physical, and give fatwa (cutting) that gave an outline about education structure of マクタブ preventing economical exploitation [³].

It is famous Islam philosopher of Persia, and, in the eleventh century, イブン スィーナー of the school teacher establishes the one paragraph that treated マクタブ titled "the training of the child and the role of the teacher when I educate you" in a book of oneself and gives マクタブ the advice to a working teacher. He states that children are better and can learn the which instead of his paying school expenses, and employing a personal tutor, studied by a class class, and he raises his consciousness of recognition and the close application of the value of the competition between students with a rap session and help of the debate as the reason. イブン スィーナー describes a curriculum of マクタブ in detail to some extent and refers to the curriculum of two curricula in マクタブ [¹].

Elementary course

I write that children enter マクタブ at 6 years old, and イブン スィーナー catches the elementary course until 14 years old with a book of oneself. In addition, he states that the Koran, metaphysics, Arabic, literature, morality (English version), a maneuver (I point to various practical skills) should be taught [¹].

Secondary education

イブン スィーナー mentions the student by education by マクタブ in the secondary education process as time of the specialization that a maneuver begins to be required regardless of social status of oneself. He does it when he should be given the matter that oneself is interested in a child 14 years or older, choice to choose it for the occupation that reading, a maneuver, literature, sermon, medicine, geography, commerce, employment and other matters or a student are interested in as a future occupation specifically, and to deepen specialization. He does a secondary education process at transient time and considers enough an education elective subject in anticipation of the age that a student graduates from for a stage of the cultivation of aesthetic sensitivity of the student and states that it is necessary for flexible use to be done [⁴].

Literacy rate

In the Middle Ages, I experienced increase of the literacy rate in the Islam world for Islamic Empire Era. The literacy rate is the highest in those days in the world in the Middle Ages; local, displayed literacy rate and shoulders of ancient Athene of the classical antiquity [⁵]. マクタブ and the appearance of the educational institution called window Lhasa served as big contribution to relatively high literacy rate of the Islam world in the Middle Ages [⁶].

Allied item

• Window Lhasa, higher education system of the Islam theological college
• マクタブ Ann Baru（English version）

Footnote

1. ^ ^{a b c d} M. S. Asimov, Clifford Edmund Bosworth (1999), The Age of Achievement: Vol 4, Motilal Banarsidass, pp. 33–4, ISBN 81-208-1596-3 
2. ^ Francis Robinson (2008), "Review: Law and Education in Medieval Islam: Studies in Memory of Professor George Makdisi, Edited by Joseph E. Lowry, Devin J. Stewart and Shawkat M. Toorawa," it is Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (Cambridge University Press) 18 (01): 98–100, doi: 10.1017/S1356186307007912 
3. ^ R. Kevin Jaques (2006), "Review: Law and Education in Medieval Islam: Studies in Memory of Professor George Makdisi, Edited by Joseph E. Lowry, Devin J. Stewart and Shawkat M. Toorawa," it is Journal of Islamic Studies (Oxford University Press) 17 (3): 359–62, doi: 10.1093/jis/etl027 
4. ^ M. S. Asimov, Clifford Edmund Bosworth (1999), The Age of Achievement: Vol 4, Motilal Banarsidass, pp. 34–5, ISBN 81-208-1596-3 
5. ^ Andrew J. Coulson (PDF), Delivering Education, Hoover Institution, p. 117, http://media.hoover.org/documents/0817928928_105.pdf April 4, 2013 reading. 
6. ^ Edmund Burke (2009-06), "Islam at the Center: Technological Complexes and the Roots of Modernity," it is Journal of World History (University of Hawaii Press) 20 (2): 165–186 [178–82], doi: 10.1353/jwh.0.0045 

Outside link

• Reference of マクタブ in マクタブ - world large encyclopedia Koto bank
• Maktab Encyclopædia Britannica

This item is an unfinished item in conjunction with Islam. I demand the cooperator who corrects it, and corrects this item (Wiki portal Islam /PJ Islam).

It is acquired by "https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= マクタブ &oldid=47156412"

This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia マクタブ

This article is distributed by cc-by-sa or GFDL license in accordance with the provisions of Wikipedia.

Wikipedia and Tranpedia does not guarantee the accuracy of this document. See our disclaimer for more information.

In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.