Bantustan

The autonomous district which there was ever in the Republic of South Africa with the Bantustan (Afrikaans: Bantoestan) and "an independent country." I was called Bantu Homeland (English :Home land) by the South African government.

Table of contents

Beginning

I established the Bantu self-government promotion method (English version) in 1959 to exchange criticism of the global community for the law, and Prime Minister of Republic of South Africa Hendrick フルウールト said to be a constructer of the apartheid halved South Africa in a white area (87%) and the black area (13%) and founded Bantustan every 10 main groups about the black area. By the cause of the Balthazar フォルスター prime minister who succeeded to a route of フルウールト, the Bantu Bantu Homeland citizenship method of 1970 (English version) all Africans of either "Bantu Homeland" was said, "citizen's". And I gave each Bantustan the self-government of the constant limit at a stage of the beginning and let subsequently you become independent. It was followed by Bophuthatswana, Benda, Ciskei including Transkei having made it "independent" in 1976 by 1981. The official name by the South African government changed with a reservation, Bantustan, Bantu Bantu Homeland, a black nation, a black nation state, nation state, but I decided "independence disapproval", and the United Nations was called "the TBVC countries". ンデベレ, レボワ, Gazankulu, カングワネ, hoe hoe, hoe Zulu were considered to be "a self-governing dominion".

Real condition

I separated an African from the created land, tribe, and this system to reorganize in the racial credit by the standard in government was exposed to from the first domestic and foreign criticism. A parenthesis is belonging to it and uses it from the situation that it is a deception to let you call a place letting you live regardless of a will of the person in question the Bantu Homeland = native land, and "the Bantustan" which is the term which I loaded with contempt and ridicule is often used.

Activist, Steve Biko of the South African black consciousness motion pointed out the next fact in the sentence that they wrote in the 1970s.

1. Being the land which the area appointed as Bantustan is developed least in this country, and is suitable for neither farming nor live stock farming. Without Bantustan facing the sea, the South African government holds the right of the mineral product strictly.
2. An operating budget accepted by the Bantustan is held down extremely low.
3. The industrial management and growth in all Bantustan are held by "a Bantu investment public corporation". It is said that this financial institution is a non-profit-making organization for economic activation of the Bantustan, but there is reputation to exploit an ambitious African merchant and businessman.
4. Only the low wage of approximately a one-third of the wage paid in spite of the industry growing rapidly in Bantustan border area receiving a subsidy of the government, and the product avoiding taxation in an urban area in these factories is paid. And it being as it is done the employer by the Bantustan because the agreement of the industrial council comes off from the geographical range with effect without it being possible even to organize a labor union as for the African worker coming to the migrant worker.

Viko asserted, "the Bantustan is greatest for the single fraud that a white politician devised so far" in conclusion.

It was a nomination seat, and most of seats of "the National Assembly" of the Bantustan depended on help from the government for fiscal 40-80%. Around half of the theoretical "nation" lives in the white area at a stage of 1959, and the number of the people whom I was made to emigrate to by various laws forcibly from 1960 through 1983 from the white area reaches 3,500,000.

Collapse

Each Bantustan had the original peace and order method, and that leader made the black public angry as "ankle Tom" who betrayed the direct suppressor of the apartheid nation, an interest of black widely. I admitted, and the Bantu Jolo mass (English version) general who took the government by a bloodless coup d'etat in Transkei where the corruption of the government government official spread over in 1988 did activity in the country of the African National Congress and, in contrast with it, got big support.

The Bantustan which I made "independent" was integrated with South Africa again in 1994 by the effect of the interim constitution. There was I expected independent maintenance, and objected to unification, working, and the trial such as taking action in conjunction with group Afrikaner resistance movement (AWB) which raised apartheid maintenance in Bophuthatswana was performed, but the Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, the pro-apartheid group government of レボワ accomplished dramatic collapse by public employee strikes just before that among them.

List of Bantustan

 

"Bantu Homeland" map in South Africa

in South Africa

Independent country

• Transkei (1976)
• Bophuthatswana (1977)
• Benda (1979)
• Ciskei (1981)

Self-governing dominion

• Hoe Zulu（English version) (1972)
• レボワ（English version) (the same year)
• Gazankulu（English version) (1973)
• Hoe hoe（English version) (1974)
• カングワネ（English version) (1977)
• クワンデベレ（English version) (1981)

in Namibia

Because Namibia was substantial Republic of South Africa territory, a similar policy was performed. All Bantustan became extinct in 1989.

Own governing

• ヘレロ self-government country (1970)
• カバンゴ self-government country (1973)
• オバンボ self-government country (the same year)
• East Capri biself-government country (in 1976, I was renamed to the ロジ self-government country in the same year and declared independence and the founding of a country of the イテンゲ freedom country in South African direct rule from Namibia on October 7, 2002 in 1984)

Self-governing dominion

• Buster land (1979)
• Namaqualand (1980)
• ダマラランド (the same year)
• ツワナランド (the same year)

References

• For 1,988 years when Steve Biko "writes that I want to write it", it is modern plan company ISBN 4773888059
• R, オモンド with "a system of the apartheid, for actual situation" 1,989 years, is Iwanami Shoten ISBN 400000042X

Allied item

• The autonomous Palestinian areas

Outside link

Wiki media Commons has the media in conjunction with the Bantustan.

• South African Bantu Homeland
• Namibian Bantu Homeland

It is acquired by "https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Bantustan &oldid=62434588"

This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Bantustan

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