2017년 1월 6일 금요일

Vancouver (British Columbia)

Vancouver (British Columbia)

Vancouver City
City of Vancouver
Vancouver photo montage.jpg
City flag of Vancouver City Municipal emblem of Vancouver City
City flag Municipal emblem
Position
Position figure of the position (British Columbia metro Vancouver) of Vancouver City
Position (British Columbia metro Vancouver) of Vancouver City
Coordinate : 49°16'00" N 123°07'00" W / 49.26667 degrees N 123.11667 degrees W / 49.26667, -123.11667
The history
Municipal organization 1886April 6
Administration
Country Canadian flag Canada
 State Flag of British Columbia.svg British Columbia
 Administrative section Metro Vancouver
 City Vancouver City
Geography
Area  
  City limits 114.71 km2
  Urban area 2,877.36 km2
Altitude 167 m
Population
Population (as of 2006 [1] [2])
  City limits 578,041 people
    Population density   5,039.0 /km2
  Urban area 2,116,581 people
  Remarks The Canadian domestic eighth place
Others
Equal time obi Pacific time (UTC-8)
Daylight saving time Pacific daylight saving time (UTC-7)
Zip code V5K - V6Z
Area code + 1-604, +1-778
An official web site: vancouver.ca

Vancouver (English: Vancouver) is a city in the southwestern part of federal British Columbia of Canada. It is the state's greatest city. I may be transcribed into Vancouver [3].

Table of contents

Summary

The urban area population around Vancouver forms an urban area of 2,100,000 people and the Canadian domestic third place [4]. It is approximately 640,000 people of the eighth place with the population only for Vancouver City in the country [5]. A race and languages are various, and, as for approximately 52% of population, a first language is not English equal to the official language of the state [6]. It was a world city eminent North America and, in "a world city collective strength ranking announced in 2016," was estimated as the 28th place of the world [7].

Lumber mill was done in 1867, and ギャスタウン which was the settlement mainly on these continued developing, and the town expanded it as Grandville. It is changed the name as Vancouver, and the town becomes the municipal administration in 1886 when the terminal of the following railroad would be laid from east Canada to the town.

Because forestry is the city's greatest industry, and is known as a city among nature in spite of being an urban area, tourism develops; of the city second become industrial [8]. Metro Vancouver port in the city is the country's greatest port and has a scale of the fourth place at load capacity in the North America [9]. Each main movie maker is based in the city and next Burnaby City, and it is in Los Angeles, a scale of the North American third place to lead to New York and the filmmaking base where it is. Therefore, is called the popular name Hollywood north [10]; [11]. A lot of international conference and international competitions were held, and the 21st Winter Olympics (the Vancouver Olympics) was held in 2010.

Place name

The place name of Vancouver comes from British explorer who surveyed the Canadian West Coast area in the late 18th century, George Vancouver [12].

History

It was before it more than at least 3,000 years that an indigenous people said to be マスキーム (Xwméthkwyiem) lived in the river mouth area of the Fraser River who rose from the Rocky Mountains, and flowed into the Georgia Strait [13]. But it is thought that I consider rich natural environments even if the human lived for more than 10,000 years. When an explorer arrived from Europe, マスキーム group (Musqueam) and スクワミッシュ group (Squamish) have already formed a village. ツレイルワスス group (Tsleil'wauthuth) lived in the north Vancouver area. I was said to be サリシュ Coast (Coast Salish) indigenous people, and there were these as a township in northern Washington area from the Fraser Valley.

Spanish Jose Maria ナルバエス (Jose Maria Narvaez) captain explored Georgia Strait in 1791. Admiral naval George Vancouver, the U.K. entered the Georgia Strait at the Vancouver Island west coast with an exploration group in Spain and, in 1792, the following day, arrived at the area of のちの Seattle.

A trade place of the fur was established along the Columbia and Fraser River, and the European settlement occurred successively afterwards in the inland of British Columbia. Hudson Bay companies went more and more. Gold ore was discovered in the Fraser lower part of a river style bank in 1858, and gold rush began. Gold ore was discovered in Kawagishi, Colombia in 1865, but the gold rush converged immediately.

Forestry became popular in the ballad inlet which was the center of the Vancouver Port, and the first lumber mill started a business in Moody's Building (のちの north Vancouver) in 1863. Export was started in 1865 to Australia. Lumber mill was opened in one of Vancouver city by the same year.

Canada became independent from the U.K., and, in 1871 four years after "Canadian self-governing dominion" (Dominion of Canada) was established, British Columbia joined the Canadian self-governing dominion (Canadian federal government). In 1885, Canada Pacific railroad (CPR) built the terminal on the West Coast side of coast-to-coast railroad to Grandville under the instructions of the Prime Minister of McDonald's of the Canadian colony government. Probably the CPR assumed the name of the terminal "Vancouver" for Vancouver Island. On April 6, 1886, "Vancouver City" was enforced formally, and coast-to-coast railroad regular service from Montreal was opened soon afterwards. Most of the towns were destroyed by fire by a big fire of 1886, but revived by the supply of the supplies by the railroad soon. Stanley Park was opened in 1888.

Coast-to-coast railroad is connected to the Vancouver port, and Canada will lead to all the countries of the world from the Pacific coast. CPR first cargo boat ""Empress of India"" arrived from the Orient in 1891. Panama Canal started a business in 1914, and Vancouver became one of the important seaports of the North Pacific.

Even if the 20th century began, around ギャスタウン prospered as the center of the city. The vehicle traffic of Vancouver was replaced by right-hand traffic from the left-hand traffic of the British method in 1922, and Lions Gate bridge was inaugurated in 1937. An international traffic exhibition (Expo 86) was held in 1986 equal to the municipal organization 100th anniversary and a new means of transportation Skytrain traveled to it and started it.

By Canadian nature mineral resources and industrial products, harbor business and the fisheries agriculture forestry as the important port to export oil to, sightseeing and others, the urban area of Vancouver continues still favorable growth and exceeds a population of 2 million when I put it together with neighboring cities and forms a metropolis of the Canada third place. Backed by natural environments and good development of the balance of the urbiculture, the emigrants from all the countries of the world increased rapidly. On the occasion of People's Republic of China return of Hong Kong of 1997 in particular, the communism Hong Kong system Chinese emigrants that I was afraid of becoming it increased rapidly (the details refer to Chinatown). There was the Japanese town before most, too, but the Japanese-emigrant declined before World War II rapidly after the war, too (the details refer to a Japanese town of Vancouver).

 
Panoramic image of the Vancouver city

Geography

 
Jurisdiction of Vancouver

Vancouver is located in the southwestern part of British Columbia, the river mouth of the Fraser River. It is opposite to Vancouver Island across the Georgia Strait.

I form metro Vancouver as the local administrative section of the state in conjunction with more than 20 neighboring local governments.

It is next to waist Vancouver across north Vancouver, the English bay across Richmond, Barnaby, the ballad inlet.

Climate

Vancouver is one of the cities with the climate that is the warmest in Canada [14]. I belong to west-coast oceanic climate (Cfb) in the division into climatic zones of Koeppen. There is not approximately that it is a tropical day exceeding 30 degrees coolly and it is dry and is easy to spend it in the summer. In contrast with the summer when there is little a lot of precipitation on the day when there is relatively few it, and it is fine, there is much precipitation from November to March, and half of the day is the rain on the average. Therefore it is the one of the cities with much rainfall in Canada. According to the observation data of the Vancouver International Airport in Richmond along the Pacific, the annual precipitation reaches 1,189mm. The average temperature of December that is the coldest by the climate that is the warmest in Canada is 40.9 days with annual average in 3.6 degrees Celsius, the days to fall down below the freezing point in the winter season. The snowfall is around 11 days in the year on the average, and the snow which is beyond 10cm is around one day a year. The annual average snowfall is 38.1cm, but there is predominantly more what it rains in the winter season when it cries that the snow is usually left on the ground for a long time [15]. As for the observed highest temperature, 34.4 degrees Celsius, minimum temperature of July 30, 2009 are -17.8 degrees Celsius of December 29, 1968 until now.

On the other hand, snow increases, and the cold becomes severer in the area of high altitudes such as north Vancouver and waist Vancouver with the skiing area because Vancouver is surrounded by the mountains when I see it in metro Vancouver. In addition, in the inland area, summer temperature is easy to rise, and it is not unusual for it to be a tropical day, and the difference of the climate is big by an area. By the observation data in the Simon Fraser University located to 365.80m above sea level of suburban Burnaby City, as for the snowfall, it is 89cm a year, and 2 times of observation data of the Vancouver International Airport in Richmond City of the Pacific coast is as above.

Climate of Vancouver (Vancouver International Airport) (1981-2010 yearly average)
Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Year
Highest temperature record ° C (° F) 15.3
(59.5)
 18.4
(65.1)
 19.4
(66.9)
 25.0
(77)
 30.4
(86.7)
 30.6
(87.1)
 34.4
(93.9)
 33.3
(91.9)
 29.3
(84.7)
 23.7
(74.7)
 18.4
(65.1)
 14.9
(58.8)
 34.4
(93.9)
Mean highest temperature ° C (° F) 6.9
(44.4)
 8.2
(46.8)
 10.3
(50.5)
 13.2
(55.8)
 16.7
(62.1)
 19.6
(67.3)
 22.2
(72)
 22.2
(72)
 18.9
(66)
 13.5
(56.3)
 9.2
(48.6)
 6.3
(43.3)
 13.9
(57)
Daily mean air temperature ° C (° F) 4.1
(39.4)
 4.9
(40.8)
 6.9
(44.4)
 9.4
(48.9)
 12.8
(55)
 15.7
(60.3)
 18.0
(64.4)
 18.0
(64.4)
 14.9
(58.8)
 10.3
(50.5)
 6.3
(43.3)
 3.6
(38.5)
 10.4
(50.7)
Mean minimum temperature ° C (° F) 1.4
(34.5)
 1.6
(34.9)
 3.4
(38.1)
 5.6
(42.1)
 8.8
(47.8)
 11.7
(53.1)
 13.7
(56.7)
 13.8
(56.8)
 10.8
(51.4)
 7.0
(44.6)
 3.5
(38.3)
 0.8
(33.4)
 6.8
(44.2)
Minimum temperature record ° C (° F) −17.8
(0)
 −16.1
(3)
 −9.4
(15.1)
 −3.3
(26.1)
 0.6
(33.1)
 3.9
(39)
 6.7
(44.1)
 6.1
(43)
 0.0
(32)
 −5.9
(21.4)
 −14.3
(6.3)
 −17.8
(0)
 −17.8
(0)
Precipitation mm (inch) 168.4
(6.63)
 104.6
(4.118)
 113.9
(4.484)
 88.5
(3.484)
 65.0
(2.559)
 53.8
(2.118)
 35.6
(1.402)
 36.7
(1.445)
 50.9
(2.004)
 120.8
(4.756)
 188.9
(7.437)
 161.9
(6.374)
 1,189
(46.811)
Snowfall cm (inch) 11.1
(4.37)
 6.3
(2.48)
 2.3
(0.91)
 0.3
(0.12)
 0.0
(0)
 0.0
(0)
 0.0
(0)
 0.0
(0)
 0.0
(0)
 0.1
(0.04)
 3.2
(1.26)
 14.8
(5.83)
 38.1
(15)
The mean rain days (≥0.2 mm) 18.4 14.7 17.5 14.8 13.2 11.5 6.3 6.7 8.3 15.4 19.9 18.4 165.1
The mean snowfall days (≥0.2 cm) 2.6 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 2.8 8.7
 % The humidity 81.2 74.5 70.1 65.4 63.5 62.2 61.4 61.8 67.2 75.6 79.5 80.9 70.3
The mean monthly daylight hours 60.1 91.0 134.8 185.0 222.5 226.9 289.8 277.1 212.8 120.7 60.4 56.5 1,937.5
The source: [16]

Population dynamics

According to the census of 2006, the population of the Vancouver urban area is 2,116,581 people.

Constitution according to the races of the Vancouver urban area is a national census for 2,006 years; according to the follows. (in) the Vancouver city

It is the city where a lot of Chinese (402,000) and South Korean (46,035) and Japanese-Asian systems including (30,230) live in the Vancouver urban area, and the Chinatown of the scale of the North American eminence is formed.

The Chinese population accounts for around 20% of the Vancouver urban area, and this is the highest in the big city in North America. Most of Chinese inhabitants are said to be ホンクーバー where Vancouver does not become in the Hong Kongers who emigrated before and after Hong Kong return [18]. In Richmond in the southern part in particular, the majority of the population are Chinese. There is the Nakayama garden where I lived in during exile before Sun Yat-sen forms Chinese Nationalist Party in the Chinatown. There are the most Cantonese speakers among Chinese speakers, but there are a lot of common story speakers, too, and there is the community of the Taiwanese speaker, too.

The Japanese town existed, too, but Japanese-person population in British Columbia decreased sharply by the forcible escort to the camp of the Japanese-person during World War II and did obsolescence once. As of 2011, most make the ruins it except Vancouver Buddha church, Vancouver Japanese school and a Japanese-hall [the source required]. However, I still form the Canada's biggest Japanese-society tiding over Toronto, and a lot of Japanese foreign students live, too. Convenience store or restaurants for Japanese stand downtown, and life is possible only in Japanese in the corner [the source required].

In addition, Philippine system and is Mexican Vietnamese system is Cambodian; various races live in Croatian systems, but there are the fewest blacks with 20,670 in the North American big city.

Economic

 
A central city area judging from the harbor center. Vancouver has a high role as a Canadian outstanding financial center

Because it is being located in the Pacific coast, the west terminal of the trans Canadian highway and railroad, it is one of the greatest industry cities in Canada. Quantity of at the maximum a wide variety of trade in Canada rises to 75 billion dollars, and the Vancouver Port occupies 10,500 million dollars in GDP. It is the base of forestry and the mining industry and becomes software development, biotechnology, the center of the film industry recently. Many tourists gather and are an important entrance to Alaska and Canada every year. On the other hand, there is an aspect called Canadian one with the high rent. I contact with Washington, the United States, and there are a lot of people going to work across a border every day. 通勤者や観光客の便宜を図るために、アメリカドルでの支払いも可能なところが少なくないが、この場合原則として、アメリカドルで支払う場合の金額がやや高めに設定されている。

2013年のアメリカのダウ・ジョーンズらの調査によると、世界22位の金融センターと評価されており、カナダではトロントに次ぐ2位である[19]。

行政

警察

  • 交番(CPC：Community Policing Centres)
地域ごとに警察官とボランティアで構成された交番が配置されている。リタイヤ者から若者まで多くのボランティアが地域パトロールや盗難等の被害届の作成などを担当し、警察官たちがより重要な職務を遂行できるようサポートしている。24時間開いているわけではないが朝から夕方まで常時ボランティアが待機している。人のいない時間のある日本の交番でも地域参加型の防犯システムとして参考となり得るものである。

交通

空港

バンクーバーの南、リッチモンドにある国際空港で、年間の発着数（29万）、旅客数（1700万）ともにトロント・ピアソン国際空港に次ぐカナダ第2の空港。 国際空港としては珍しく、水上機定期便のためのターミナルを備えた空港でもある。
同地区から東部に位置するアボッツフォードにある国際空港で、設備面でもバンクーバー国際空港の代替機能を持つ空港。
ダウンタウンのウォーターフロント駅近くにあり、水上飛行機がバンクーバー島のビクトリアやナナイモなどとの間を短時間で結んでいる。離着陸数は約5万回で水上空港としてはカナダ1位。

BCフェリー

 
BCフェリー

島が多く存在するブリティッシュコロンビア州では多くの人がフェリーを交通手段として使っている。フェリーターミナルは、ウェストバンクーバーのホースシューベイ港とバンクーバー市南のデルタにあるツワッセン港から出港している。

公共交通機関

詳細は「トランスリンク (バンクーバー)」を参照

鉄道

スカイトレイン
 
スカイトレイン
詳細は「バンクーバー・スカイトレイン」を参照

バンクーバーのダウンタウンと、郊外都市や空港とを結ぶ軌道系の公共輸送機関。ダウンタウンでは地下を走り、郊外に出ると高架になる。初期の2路線では、無人のリニアモーターカーが運行している。

最新路線としては、2010年2月に開催されたバンクーバーオリンピックに合わせて、バンクーバーのダウンタウンと、南接するリッチモンドのバンクーバー国際空港およびシティセンターとを結ぶカナダ・ラインの建設が2005年11月より進められ、2009年8月に営業を開始した。同路線は、ターミナル駅であるウォーターフロント駅からダウンタウン地下を南下し、キャンビー通りの地下を抜け、フレーザー川付近のブリッジポート駅からは、空港方面とリッチモンド方面に分岐する。

ウエストコーストエクスプレス
詳細は「ウエストコーストエクスプレス」を参照

バンクーバーダウンタウンと東にある郊外ミッション市間約68kmを結ぶ通勤用特急列車。

長距離列車

バス

 
ニューフライヤー E40LFR型トロリーバス。
詳細は「トランスリンク (バンクーバー)」を参照

バンクーバーにはトロリーバスと普通のバスが走っているがどちらも料金などは変わらない。 バスは路線が充実しており、乗り継ぎをすれば大体はどこへでも行ける。また、ほとんどのバスが車椅子対応で、多くはノンステップバスである。

シーバス

詳細は「シーバス (バンクーバー)」を参照

バンクーバーのダウンタウンとノースバンクーバーを結ぶフェリー。

教育

 
ブリティッシュコロンビア大学
 
バンクーバー公共図書館本館

大学

5万人が学ぶ西部カナダ最大の研究総合大学。常にカナダの大学のトップ3に入るカナダ屈指の名門大学の一つ。世界的にも高い評価を得て、国際的な知名度も高い。402ヘクタールの広大な敷地を持ち、敷地内に新渡戸記念庭園がある。
州立の総合大学で、環境学、ビジネス、犯罪学/刑事法学の名門校。SFU本部は隣接するバーナビー市にあるが、バンクーバー市内のウォーターフロント駅前にあるハーバーセンター内にもキャンパスを構える。

コミュニティカレッジ

図書館

  • バンクーバー公共図書館(VPL) - 市立図書館。本館以外に21の分館を抱え、40万人近くが利用者として登録し、年間800万点以上の貸し出しを行っている、カナダ第三の規模を誇る公共図書館ネットワーク。

観光

スポーツチーム

 
BCプレイス・スタジアム

バンクーバーを本拠地とする主なプロスポーツチームは以下の通り。

スポーツ種別 チーム 所属団体 団体内所属 ホーム競技場
野球 バンクーバー・カナディアンズ マイナーリーグベースボール ノースウェストリーグ スコシアバンク・フィールド・アット・ナットベイリー・スタジアム（英語版）
アイスホッケー バンクーバー・カナックス NHL ウェスタン・カンファレンス ロジャース・アリーナ
カナディアンフットボール BCライオンズ CFL ウェスト・ディビジョン BCプレイス・スタジアム
サッカー バンクーバー・ホワイトキャップス MLS ウェスト・カンファレンス

かつてバンクーバーを本拠地としたプロスポーツチームは以下の通りである。

スポーツ種別 チーム 所属団体 団体内所属 ホーム競技場
野球 バンクーバー朝日 オッペンハイマー・パーク（英語版）
バンクーバー・マナティーズ（英語版） マイナーリーグベースボール パシフィック・コーストリーグ キャピラノ・スタジアム

国際イベント

姉妹都市

関連項目

脚注

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ "2006 Community Profiles | Community Highlights for Vancouver (City)". 2008年5月13日閲覧。
  2. ^ "2006 Community Profiles | Community Highlights for Vancouver (Census Metropolitan Area)". 2008年5月13日閲覧。
  3. ^ 地球の歩き方2011年版など
  4. ^ Demographia: World Urban Areas & Population Projections
  5. ^ "BC Stats 2010" (2011年1月). 2011年10月10日閲覧。
  6. ^ "City Facts 2004 (PDF)". City of Vancouver (2004年). 2006年5月12日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2011年6月9日閲覧。 48.9% have neither English nor French as their first language.
  7. ^ 世界の都市総合力ランキング(GPCI) 2016 森記念財団都市戦略研究所 2016年11月2日閲覧。
  8. ^ "Overnight visitors to Greater Vancouver by volume, monthly and annual basis (PDF)". Vancouver Convention and Visitors Bureau. 2011年6月9日閲覧。
  9. ^ "Port Metro Vancouver Mid-Year Stats Include Bright Spots in a Difficult First Half for 2009". Port Metro Vancouver (2009年7月31日). 2011年6月9日閲覧。
  10. ^ "Industry Profile". BC Film Commission. 2011年6月9日閲覧。
  11. ^ Gasher, Mike (November 2002). Hollywood North: The Feature Film Industry in British Columbia. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0967-2. 
  12. ^ The Voyage of George Vancouver 1791–1795, Volume 1, ed: W. Kaye Lamb, Hakluyt Society, 1984, p.247（英語）
  13. ^ Kathryn, Bernick (1998) (英語). Hidden dimensions: the cultural significance of wetland archaeology. Univ of British Columbia Pr. p. 233. ISBN 978-0774806329. 
  14. ^ "Weather Winners - Warmest Year Round". Environment Canada. 2013年2月23日閲覧。
  15. ^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000". Environment Canada. 2009年5月29日閲覧。
  16. ^ "1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data VANCOUVER INT'L A カナダ環境省". 2014年8月10日閲覧。
  17. ^ "1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data BURNABY SIMON FRASER U カナダ環境省". 2014年8月10日閲覧。
  18. ^ 館報「開港のひろば」 横浜開港資料館、2005年11月2日
  19. ^ Xinhua-Dow Jones International Financial Centers Development Index（2013) 2013年9月15日閲覧。

外部リンク

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