Four bedrocks
Four ground rules (よっつのきほんげんそく) are the most relevant party line that the Chinese Communist Party must protect in the People's Republic of China [1]. 鄧小平 proposed it in a central theory work meeting in March, 1973 and was specified in the above sentence of the People's Republic of China constitution in 1982 [1].
Table of contents
Summary
鄧小平 and principle
China promoted revolution construction for shifting to the communist society during a short term, but, after a Great Leap Forward policy of the late 1950s, such policy was criticized with an extreme left route in General Meeting of the Central Committee for 3 for 11 quarters of the Chinese Communist Party held at the end of 1978 after a proletarian culture revolution terminated [3]. After the meeting, the party switched it from the radical revolution route to the moderate economic construction route and promoted the "reform and opening up" policy that put an important point for activation of the national economy and the foreign opening [3]. The democratization demand will increase by this policy at the same time, too [4]. "A wall of the democracy" of the autumn of 1978 was a masterpiece, but there were a lot of contents which conflicted with Communist Party autocracy system itself like a claim for "the fifth modernization = political democratization" by Kyosei Gi who was the chief editor of "search" in those days in that [4]. Because 鄧小平 called for opening of the thought positively then, they strengthened 鄧小平待望論 [5]. As the rise of 鄧 became the real thing through General Meeting of the Central Committee for the eleventh 3, the expectation to democratization swelled, too [5]. However, there was right this democratization demand for oppression, containment by a command of 鄧 when March, 1979 began [5]. When 鄧 must adhere to "four bedrocks" for "four modernizations", in the meeting of the total of the Communist China center theory work meeting opened in January, I emphasized it [5]. 鄧 criticized the people who required democratization here with "a counterrevolutionary element, the vicious molecules" which planned socialism, overturn of the Communist Party instruction frankly and insisted when a determined manner was necessary [5]. As for this submission, political consideration taking the party left who holds jitters in democratization, a middle group in appears and disappears, on the other hand, to harden a party base in the process when 鄧自身 pushes aside the Hua Guofeng party president [5]. However, on the other hand, political stability was indispensable, and there was strong recognition that the instruction of the party, stability of the core thought were important in China to push forward economic construction as pragmatic faith of 鄧自身 [5].
The modernization and principle of China
I admitted that I introduced the advantage of the market economy to reform the planned economy system which became stiffening by the thirteenth party convention of 1987, but left it without reaching it until I accepted the shift to a market economy if I defined own economy system as "socialism product economy" [3]. However, in acknowledgment of its being an initial stage of the socialism, I accepted pluralistic sense of values, a possession system at the same time and started reform of the political system. However, turmoil came to often get up between the government which was going to restrain this when a general citizen, intellectual, the democratization demand exercise by the student became exalted as if matching it with the progress of the political reform [3]. The democratization led by the student involved a citizen in Beijing in the spring of 1989 and developed into turmoil to shake a capital [3]. The government gave martial law in June and performed a suppression by the military power (the Tiananmen Square incident) and after that held democratization down by power [3]. Socialist states of the Eastern Europe collapsed in succession in 1989, and the Soviet Union was dismantled in 1991, too [6]. The abandonment of the socialism leads to the negation of the one-party system system, and it is said to be that it learns from a lesson of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union where a switch of the sudden political system invited a civil disorder to that China is still particular about a principle of the socialism now under such a history environment [6]. I point out the total steel of the party agreement as follows in this point [6]. "You adhere to a way of the socialism and adhere to people's democracy autocracy and adhere to instruction of the Chinese Communist Party and four bedrocks to adhere to Marxism-Leninism and Mao-Tse-tung's thought are basics of our nation and maintain four basics firmly in principle in all socialism modernization construction processes and must object to the liberalization of the bourgeois" [6].
The principle and constitution
It is established in 1982 and "the races people of China follow it and are led to the important thought of representative "of cause, Marxism-Leninism, Mao-Tse-tung's thought, 鄧小平理論 of the instruction of the Chinese Communist Party and" three and maintain people's democracy autocracy firmly and maintain a way of the socialism firmly" in the above sentence seventh step fourth sentence and are specified と in People's Republic of China constitution (present Constitution) that passed through 4 degrees correction afterwards [7].
The later development
On the occasion of the Tiananmen Square incident of said article 1989, I was emphasized in particular. In the case of revision of the People's Republic of China Labor Union Law of 2001, it was written clearly that "工会" must adhere to the principle [8]. I emphasized even a commemorative ceremony of the 90th anniversary of Chinese Communist Party foundation of July, 2011 as the principle that Hu Jintao Chinese President should maintain firmly in an important lecture [1].
Footnote
- 84 pages of ^ a b c d Minemura (2011)
- ^ 鄧小平文選第二巻 "adheres to four bedrocks" (March 30, 1979)
- 48 pages of ^ a b c d e f Tanaka (2012)
- 135 pages of ^ a b Amako (2013)
- 136 pages of ^ a b c d e f g Amako (2013)
- 49 pages of ^ a b c d Tanaka (2012)
- 369 pages of ^ Suzuki (2014)
- 243 pages of ^ Suzuki (2012)
Source
- History of country valley intellect others, Shinichi Okuda, long Tomoaki editing "federal law term 250 during the confirmation" (2011) document temple, item (writing charge, Kenji Minemura) of "four bedrocks"
- A written by Hikota Koguchi, Nobuyuki Tanaka "federal law (the second edition) during the present age" (2012) a document temple ("Chapter 2 political system" writing charge, Nobuyuki Tanaka)
- It is Iwanami new book (2013) in the Satoshi Amako "People's Republic of China history" (new publication)
- A written by Masamichi Honma, Masaru Suzuki et al. "introduction to federal law during the present age" (the sixth edition) (2012) 有斐閣 (Chapter 7 "civic life and law" writing charge, Masaru Suzuki)
- A Masanori Shiyake, Miyoko Tsujimura edition "collection of new commentary world constitutions" (the third edition) (2014) Sanseido (Chapter 7 "People's Republic of China constitution" writing charge, Masaru Suzuki)
Allied item
Outside link
- 鄧小平文選第二巻 "adheres to a bedrock of four" (March 30, 1979); [1]
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Four bedrocks
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