Textbook adoption

Textbook adoption (きょうかしょさいたく) is to choose the book (textbook) for an elementary school, a junior high school, a high school, a secondary education school, the subject to use by the class of the school in a special support school.

Table of contents

Summary

An elementary school, a junior high school, a high school, a secondary education school is a special support school "must use the book for the subject that passed through the official approval of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology or a book for the education that Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology has name of the writing" and does the current system with [¹]. Because the textbook of plural kinds is plurally published by the same subject, subject under the textbook authorization system, it is necessary to choose one kind of textbook from that.

In addition, there is not the rule about the textbook for the higher education systems such as universities and belongs to the range of the discretion of each school, teacher about a textbook, presence and the contents of the use teaching materials to use in a class.

Compulsory education

Authority of the textbook adoption

As for the authority of the textbook adoption, in the case of a course, the compulsory education different kind of studies school such as the special support school (beginning class part, medium grade part), it is said to the Board of Education of city and district municipalities installing the school concerned or the metropolis and districts that there is it in a public (village a city and district town or prefectural capital way prefecture) elementary school, junior high school, the secondary education school first half year [²]. In addition, about the national private compulsory education different kind of studies school, I understand the administration when the principal of the school concerned has authority [³].

Adoption district

That, about the adoption area of the textbook, metropolis and districts Board of Education "must set the book adoption district for the subject in the area that merged the area of a city or the county or these areas" [⁴]. An adoption area may be set in a city, a county as a unit, but the adoption area consisting of plural cities and counties may be really established in a lump in the area where is the same a geographical condition or cultural sphere, economic zone (joint adoption); [⁵]. In addition, in the ordinance-designated city, I mediate the city in some adoption districts and may adopt it every district [⁶].

Board of Education

Metropolis and districts Board of Education adopts each subject, textbook which by one kind uses each in a capital way prefecture Prefectural school every field from an authorized textbook. In addition, metropolis and districts Board of Education advises the adoption to city and district municipalities Board of Education. In metropolis and districts Board of Education, I can set up a council for book choice for the subject consisting of people of learning and experience and a person concerned with Board of Education, the staff of a school for the purpose of advice to city and district municipalities Board of Education.

City and district municipalities Board of Education adopts a textbook each every each subject, field about the school to install. In the case of the textbook adoption of city and district municipalities Board of Education, I take an impression, the opinion from the teacher about the textbook of advice and the companies from metropolis and districts Board of Education into account.

Teacher

A teacher does not have the current institutionally direct adoption right. Depending on the local government, the organization which can describe the opinion about the textbook for the Board of Education may be fixed. Specifically, a method such as displaying the sample book of the companies textbook by opinion document presentation that I turn on position school and a textbook exhibition, and installing an opinion suggestion box in the meeting place is taken [the ^{source required}].

Participation of the country

The country does not have the authority of the adoption. In addition, it is minimum and must consider flagging down, independence and self-subsistence when, as a general rule, you should avoid that a country intervenes in textbook adoption in view of legal principles of the participation of the country about the paperwork of a request of the securing of political neutrality of the education, independence, self-subsistence of the local public entity and the local public entity and must participate [⁷].

Necessary instruction advises it or the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology can help in fact to plan appropriate handling of office work [⁸]. In addition, when there are violation of laws and ordinances and duty default in the Board of Education, I perform a demand [⁹] of correction or can do instructions [¹⁰].

Period of the adoption

Adoption is carried out as now in the compulsory education different kind of studies school every four years. The adopted textbook will use the same type of things once for four years.

High school

By the textbook adoption in the high school, there is not the system which is similar to a wide area adoption system unlike a compulsory education different kind of studies school. I adopt a textbook every each school. In addition, adoption is carried out every each year.

The fate of the statutory textbook adoption incarnation in the high school is not specified, but does it when the adoption right is in jurisdiction Board of Education according to the interpretation of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in the case of a public school building.

Problem

The correction of this knob is expected.

Because the range of the adoption district deviates from authority, who is responsible for textbook adoption like statement above in a compulsory education different kind of studies school, I will produce a problem when discussion is not set at an interval between the Board of Education committee in the adoption district. ^[11]

Until 2013, it was prescribed only with [¹²] that "the Board of Education of the cities, towns and villages in the adoption district concerned discussed it as for time, and must adopt the book for the subject that was the same every item" of the joint adoption. There was not the rule about the organization which performed, discussion.

Therefore, on April 9, 2014, the country performed law revision to oblige it to the setting of the adoption district meeting [¹³]; [¹⁴]. This is applied by adoption of 2014.

A procedure, the method of discussion and the joint adoption is not prescribed in fact. In addition, it is unchanged that each Board of Education still has authority of the textbook adoption as it was written in the summary. Therefore, when one Board of Education adopts the textbook which is different from discussion in violation of a rule of the joint adoption, the textbook which the Board of Education concerned adopted in the public school building concerned is used, and illegal の problem remains concerning the free distribution of textbooks measures method.

History

The textbook of the compulsory education until the middle of Meiji era became the official approval system after the times of the authorization system. The adoption by the prefectures unit was carried out in the times of the official approval system. In addition to the government, Ministry of Education at the time having planned becoming it textbook Kunisada, it became the background that a textbook political scandal case was found out in 1902, and a textbook was made Kunisada from 1903 through 1945. Because there was not a choice other than one kind of government-designated textbook which the Ministry of Education published as for the times of the government-designated textbook, there was no room for the textbook adoption.

The national-designated textbook system was abolished taking advantage of reform after the World War II end of the war and switched it to the textbook authorization system in 1949. The adoption right of the textbook was in each school until 1962 and chose a use textbook after I researched each textbook, and the teacher of each school compared it.

However, in 1963, the authority of the textbook adoption will move to the Board of Education according to the rule of the free distribution of textbooks measures method by the realization of the free distribution of textbooks system. On the other hand, there is the way of thinking that an on-site teacher should have authority of the textbook adoption toward firmly. For example, in "an opinion (the second) about the promotion of the deregulation of administrative reform Committee announced on December 16, 1996," it is suggested that I improve a reduction すること, adoption method about an improvement opinion to textbook adoption in the future in the adoption をおこなえるようにすること, adoption area by the school unit. 　

Footnote

1. It is School Education Act Article 34 about a rule in ^ Elementary School. I apply this rule mutatis mutandis in Article 49, Article 62, Article 70, Article 82 about the other schools class.
2. The ^ grounds laws and ordinances are considered to be local education administrative law Article 23 6 (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology "summary 6 of the textbook system".a method of the textbook adoption); (temporary measures method Article 7 first q.v. about the issue of textbook). In the theory, they do these texts when only the thing which established it about business formalities, and the legal grounds to insist on "the adoption right of the Board of Education" are seen in the opinion that there is not in fact [the ^{source required}].
3. ^ Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology "summary 6 of the textbook system." Method of the textbook adoption
4. ^ free distribution of textbooks measures method Article 12 Clause 1
5. In ^, e.g., Shiga, I constitute one adoption ward (Shiga second adoption ward) in six cities including Kusatsu-shi and Moriyama-shi. In addition, in Mie, I constitute one adoption ward (the whole Mie group adoption ward) in two 2 counties including Tsu-shi. (at 2005)
6. In ^, e.g., Osaka-shi, I mediate the city in 8 adoption districts and adopt it (at 2010). In addition, I adopted it every each 18 administrative sections ward in Yokohama-shi until 2009 (I change it to the all the cities 1 adoption area after 2010).
7. ^ Fundamental Law of Education Article 14 Clause 2, Article 16 Clause 1, Local Government Act Article 1, 2 of Article 245
8. 4 Clause 1 of ^ Local Government Act Article 245, local education administrative law Article 48
9. 5 Clause 1 Clause 4 of ^ Local Government Act Article 245, local education administrative law Article 49
10. ^ district education administrative law Article 50
11. About ^ Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology "process of the textbook adoption in the Yaeyama, Okinawa adoption district"
12. ^ free distribution of textbooks measures method Article 13 Clause 4
13. ^ House of Councilors bill information
14. ^ Nihon Keizai Shimbun "revised free distribution of textbooks measures law an establishment district same adoption imposition" (2014/4/9 10:39)

Allied item

• Textbook
• Book for the subject
• Book official approval (textbook screening) for the subject
• Authorized textbook
• The issue of textbook
• The issue of Yaeyama textbook

Outside link

• Thing (textbook) - Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology about in primary, middle and high schools school education
• Summary - Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the textbook system
• Association of corporate judicial person whole country textbook supply

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