Various public officials field
A various public officials field (I deal and do not appear) is the paddy field which civil servants were given to allot it for the resources of a public servant salary and the government office expense of the civil servant after the mid-eighth century.
Summary
I was for resources, but, as for the finance of the Law Code system, 庸, 調 to collect from a citizen came to be already troubled mainly by collection dullness of 庸, 調 when I entered the mid-eighth century. Therefore a great seminary, gagaku dormitory, Yin-and-Yang fortune-telling office, court physician dormitory, medical official was provided with a government paddy for rent (in 30 large seminaries as for the medical official as for eight towns, others by ten towns) early on (September 11, 757) on August 23 in the Tenbyohoji era first year, and 射騎田 was installed in the six Imperial Guard divisions each successively two days later. As for the former, as for the etiquette and music, the latter, painful as a name by military arts promotion ("a day biography of an emperor sequel to"). A government paddy for rent was installed in ancient government office in charge of horse breaking or the Ministry of Justice afterwards.
It distributed 1,235 two steps 329 steps into 19 Department of Official Documents eight steps 297 steps, nine original Chikashi two steps 126 steps, 49 civil servants including 33 Court Security Offices seven steps 324 steps with a name to allot for the public servant salaries such as drama charges required from four countries except the Izumi country among "Gankyo era government paddies for official use" set up on area near Kyoto five countries (December 19, 881), two years ago on Gankyo era November 25, 5 in total that this got into full swing. I provided with drama charges of 7 central main civil servants including an emperor's reign official, the Ministry of Home Affairs required, 番上粮料 with rice in April in the next year, and a Prime Minister's license to give an order for what 39 civil servants including a court valets' office, the warehouse keeping division gave you a government paddy for official use and allotted with the income was started, and the distribution to the civil servants of the government paddies for official use such as Gankyo era government paddies for official use advanced afterward. It is known that I ran it by income from a manor, ancient lease system of a farm except that ancient government office in charge of horse breaking did 一部直接耕営 according to "the Engi era type".
It becomes difficult for the financial income central in the background of such a policy to serve the expense of civil servants and the salary of the public servant, and I am considered to have had been going to put the finance of the civil servants except the most important civil servant in the original finance, management system a limit apart from center finance. On the other hand, the civil servants who did not depend on financial dependence from the center with original resources raised self-subsistence in existing mechanism. When the civil servant side did fiscal independence lengthwise and came to treat the various public officials fields such as government paddies for official use as own land and let you make a manor it, it came to be called "various public officials territory" "government office territory". In addition, it is kept in income from a manor in "大和国興福寺雑役免帳" made in (1070) for Enkyu era two years that there were 170 manor paddy fields which delivered odd jobs to Kofuku-ji Temple in the public offices such as the Ministry of Finance.
In addition, most are the examples of the central civil servant, but there is not no it in a local civil servant either, and there is the example which it shoots it, and a field (in each jurisdiction county one town, のち two) and prefecture school charges field (each four countries) was installed in, and, as for the example that a various public officials field is put, the Dazaifu can see the state-owned farm developed around Saikai Highway in the ninth century with a various public officials field installed in the ground attached to the government office.
References
- Yoshihiko Hashimoto "various public officials field" ("history of nation Dictionary 7" (Hirofumi Yoshikawa building, 1986) ISBN 978-4-642-00507-4)
- Nakahiko Okuno "various public officials field" ("peaceful history of the period encyclopedia" (Kadokawa Shoten, 1994) ISBN 978-4-040-31700-7)
- Tsutomu Sakaguchi "various public officials field" ("Japanese ancient history encyclopedia" (Asakura Bookstore, 2005) ISBN 978-4-254-53014-8)
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Various public officials field
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