2017년 1월 16일 월요일

Mount Aso

Mount Aso

Vagueness evasion "The Aso Yamadai eruption" is transferred to this item.
  • Please see "Aso Yamadai eruption" about the entertainer of the Okawa encouragement of new industry position.
Mount Aso
20140516 Mount Aso wide area .jpg
Mount Aso aerial photography (May, 2014)
The location Japanese flag Kumamoto, Japan
Position
Japanese map .svg
The highest peak Takaoka (1,592m)
Kind Stratovolcano (active volcano rank A)
Project.svg Project mountain
I display a template

The active volcano where Mount Aso (あそさん) is located in Middle Kyushu of Japan, the Aso, Kumamoto district. It becomes the outer rim of a volcanic crater from the several central cones, and the outer rim of a volcanic crater forms the very large caldera topography (pan type) of to north and south 25km, East-West 18km and one of the world's largest area 380km2 [1].

In 2007, I was chosen as "Aso" by 100 selections of geological features of Japan. I am authorized (2009) in a Japanese Geopark, the world Geopark as "the Aso Geopark" where the area inside and outside the caldera can sense the history of the huge eruption and the live crater bodily in October in 2009. It is taken up as the company of "100 famous mountains in Japan" [2].

Table of contents

Summary

 
A caldera and the Mt. which I saw from the broad perspective peak of the outer rim of a volcanic crater Aso five

Mount Aso is got close to as symbolic existence of "country Kumamoto of the fire" having a large caldera eminent in the world and a magnificent outer rim of a volcanic crater [3]. I approach the crater at the time when volcanic activity is peaceful and can observe it, but activity becomes active, and an entrance of the neighborhood of crater is regulated when a poisonous gas is generated.

Among caldera central cone group of Mount Aso where there was it inside, I call Mt. basis, Takaoka, Mt. Naka-dake, Mt. Kishima, five peaks of Mt. Eboshi which form the core, and almost line up to one line to the east and west with Mt. Aso five (あそごがく) [4]. It is said that the figure to see Mt. Aso five resembles figure = Buddha immediately after his death which Buddha lies from the Aso Valley area of the north side, and the figure which Mt. five floats from the break in the clouds in a popular sea of clouds is liked in particular. Takaoka, a notched mountain are Mt. basis the heap of with the crater located in the center Mt. Aso five Mt. Naka-dake, the highest peak. In nine folds of neighborhood of summit of each mountain, it is in the big warren of the rosebay along with mountain ranges and Unzen, and a slope of Mt. Eboshi can see the face of the mountain dyed pink from the Nango valley in the golden age. I know that it is the mountain which there is for a long time from other mountains, and the Mt. basis is estimated by stratum investigation when there was it before the caldera formation. With the Shirakawa water source known as famous clear water in the south foot of Mount Aso [5].

Mount Aso is appointed in the Aso くじゅう national park around the inside of the outer rim of a volcanic crater and becomes the eminent sightseeing area dotted with a hot spring and sightseeing, recreation spots. When it is summer, many riders come for touring.

As anti-disaster measures at the time of the eruption, nine dugouts are built around the Mt. Naka-dake crater [6].

Topography

 
Topographical map of the Aso caldera
 
Topographical map of the central cone

Mountain

Other than Mt. Naka-dake (1,506m) including Takaoka (1,592.3m) of the highest peak, Mt. basis (1,408m), Mt. Eboshi (1,337m), Mt. Aso five of the Mt. Kishima (1,270m), a mountain of the 1,000m grade including the Mt. death (1,235m) ranges. Second prize triangulation point "Mt. basis" is installed in the ridge of the Mt. basis mountaintop east side third-class triangulation point "Takaoka" on the Takaoka mountaintop first-class triangulation point "west Mt. Eboshi" on the Mt. Eboshi mountaintop [7].

Name Kind Formation time Remarks
Mt. Naka-dake Stratovolcano The highest peak of the central cone. The volcano which is active as of durability at seven craters
Takaoka Stratovolcano [8] Small stratovolcano [8] which appears on eagle ヶ peak volcano
Mt. Eboshi Stratovolcano [8]
The Kusasenri meadow ヶ beach Pumice hill [8] Approximately 27,000 years ago [9] The double crater [10]
Mt. Kishima スコリア hill Approximately 4,000 years ago [11]
Mt. death スコリア hill [8] Approximately 3,600 years ago [12]
The U.S. mound スコリア hill [12] Approximately 3,300 years ago Base approximately 380m in diameter, relative height approximately 80m [10]
Snake ノ tail スコリア hill [11] Approximately 7,300 years ago [11] Most are filled up with the lava flow of the U.S. mound [8]
Mt. Narao Stratovolcano [8] With the northwest opened horseshoe-shaped crater topography [8]
御竈門山 Stratovolcano [8] With the horseshoe-shaped crater which there is in the east-northeast of longer axis 800m [8]
Mt. night peak 火砕丘 [8] The current mountain body equal to the south half part of 火砕丘 [8]
窪 of the pond Tough ring [10] It is older than 10,000 years [10] In the north side of the Mt. night peak [10]
Mt. basis Stratovolcano [8] Approximately 150,000 years ago [8] Is older than other volcanoes of the central cone; a volcano (is older than Aso-3) before the great eruption of Aso-4 [8]

Central cone group

"Mount Aso" may point to the generic name of 5 peaks of the Mt. which is central cone group basis, the Mt. Takaoka, Mt. Naka-dake, Mt. Eboshi, Kishima in a narrow sense. I can learn the summit level in a game of rhyming of "ひごくに" (Higo country) at 1,592 meters of Takaoka. At the active volcano which the crater of Mt. Naka-dake continues smoking now, and sometimes erupts, a road (Mount Aso parkway) goes to the crater west.

  • Mt. Naka-dake crater 2009

  • The central cone group that I looked at from Minamiaso-mura

  • Central cone extended aerial photography

Aso caldera

 
Caldera wall
The details refer to "Aso caldera"

The Aso caldera is the caldera topography formed by four times of huge caldera eruption that occurred 90,000 years before - 300,000 years ago. The size is the second in Japan, and the first place is Kusshiyaro caldera of Hokkaido. In addition, the third place is Aira Caldera in the north of Sakurajima of Kagoshima. Mount Aso stands in the crater lake in a caldera without the sea and can look around the neighboring outer rims of a volcanic crater. The outer rim of a volcanic crater around a caldera is included in the Aso volcano, too and extends to approximately 18 kilometers of east and west, approximately 25 kilometers of north and south. Broad perspective peaks overlooking the calderas are mountains comprised of lava by the volcanic activity before the caldera eruption and pyroclastic flow sediment (溶結凝灰岩) by the caldera eruption.

The caldera basin is divided into two to the north and south by a central cone, and, in the north, the south is called with Nango Valley Aso Valley. In the Aso Valley, the Nango Valley belongs to Takamori-machi, Aso-gun and Minamiaso-mura in Aso-shi. In the Aso Valley, JR Hohi Line which links Oita to Kumamoto goes, and third sector Minamiaso railroad diverging from Tateno Station runs in the Nango valley. Because the topography which the caldera had abundant springs, and was flat spread out, I was suitable for agricultural production and a person lived for a long time and formed a village. The Chinese history book "Sui handwriting" of the seventh century showed the name of "Mount Aso" and was known as the mountain which blew up fire.

Range of the pyroclastic flow plateau

The ejectamenta by the huge caldera eruption 90,000 years ago reaches 384 km3 DRE (appearance volume 600km3 approximately the size of all the heap of Mount Fuji bodies), and it is estimated that the pyroclastic flow covered up half of Kyushu. It becomes the pyroclastic flow plateau in the area where I deposited particularly thick and stays. This plateau is distributed over Middle Kyushu widely and forms a plain to wave in gently. Other than the southeastern part of the neighboring local governments of Takamori-machi, Kumamoto, the whole area in northern Yamato-cho, Kumamoto, northern part of Gokase-cho, Miyazaki and prefecture Takachiho-cho, Nishiusuki-gun, Taketa-shi, Oita of the neighboring prefecture are included in that, too.


Climate

Mount Aso
雨温図 (explanation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
 
 
93
 
2
-5
 
 
130
 
4
-4
 
 
224
 
8
0
 
 
238
 
13
5
 
 
294
 
17
10
 
 
635
 
20
14
 
 
670
 
23
18
 
 
319
 
24
18
 
 
288
 
21
15
 
 
131
 
16
9
 
 
111
 
10
4
 
 
74
 
5
-2
Temperature (° C)
Total precipitation (mm)
The source: The Meteorological Agency

It is Pacific coast climate as well as plains, but I belong to west-coast oceanic climate (Cfb) (dampness climates of Aso city areas warm in most) and resemble the climate of the Pacific coast almost between Hokkaido Southern Hokkaido and North Tohoku region and am intense cold in coolness, the winter season in the summer. Weather observation above the ground has been performed at (1142.3m above sea level of the open field, 32 degrees N 52.8', 131 degrees E 04.4') in Mount Aso of the Mt. Naka-dake west from November, 1931. It became the Mount Aso meteorological observatory in November, 1939, but the meteorological observatory is abolished in October, 2009, and automatic observation is performed as Mount Aso particularly local weather station.

Annual average temperature is 9.9 degrees Celsius, and it is largely lower than an area, and it is a low value in comparison with most cities of the Tohoku district other than Kyushu. Precipitation is annual precipitation, and the heavy rain that it is pouring continues at 3206.2mm and the time in the rainy season very from most particularly June to July, and the rich rainwater quenches the earth, and it is with the groundwater resources of the prefecture.

I hang the winter arrival considerably early for Kyushu in October from the end of September, and the first ice of the season, the first frost of the year is observed [the source required] and I hang it in about the middle from early November and observe the first snow of the year, and it is at full-scale winter in after December. When the temperature is not rare on the day of less than -10 degrees Celsius either, and it is a strong wintry pressure pattern when it is the depth of winters, the mountaintop decreases to around -15 degrees Celsius [13]. It is around 45 days on ice days less than highest temperature 0 degrees Celsius [13]. But in late years there is not the at most more than 100 cm thing in the snow and is not appointed in the heavy snowfall area without becoming the lingering snow unlike a mountain from the Chugoku district and to the east. Even if the coming of spring enters late for Kyushu in April, I may observe a snowfall and the snow. There is never that I observed a tropical day and an extremely hot day in history of observation until now in the summer because it is high if altitude is more than 1,000 meters. It is available again (29.8 degrees Celsius [13] that the record of the highest temperature was observed on August 11, 2016.) as a summer resort. There are many days when minimum temperature becomes less than 20 degrees Celsius in the midsummer in the morning, but there is few it on a 15 degrees Celsius within day.

Climate of the weather station (1142.3m above sea level) particularly local Mount Aso
Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Year
Highest temperature record ° C (° F) 16.0
(60.8)
 16.6
(61.9)
 19.3
(66.7)
 23.8
(74.8)
 26.0
(78.8)
 27.2
(81)
 29.6
(85.3)
 29.8
(85.6)
 28.0
(82.4)
 25.1
(77.2)
 20.7
(69.3)
 15.8
(60.4)
 29.8
(85.6)
Mean highest temperature ° C (° F) 1.7
(35.1)
 3.5
(38.3)
 7.6
(45.7)
 13.1
(55.6)
 17.3
(63.1)
 19.9
(67.8)
 23.0
(73.4)
 23.9
(75)
 21.0
(69.8)
 16.0
(60.8)
 10.4
(50.7)
 4.5
(40.1)
 13.49
(56.28)
Daily mean air temperature ° C (° F) −1.5
(29.3)
 −0.2
(31.6)
 3.4
(38.1)
 8.8
(47.8)
 13.3
(55.9)
 16.7
(62.1)
 20.0
(68)
 20.4
(68.7)
 17.5
(63.5)
 12.1
(53.8)
 6.7
(44.1)
 1.2
(34.2)
 9.9
(49.8)
Mean minimum temperature ° C (° F) −4.6
(23.7)
 −3.6
(25.5)
 −0.4
(31.3)
 4.9
(40.8)
 9.6
(49.3)
 13.9
(57)
 17.7
(63.9)
 18.0
(64.4)
 14.8
(58.6)
 8.8
(47.8)
 3.5
(38.3)
 −2.0
(28.4)
 6.72
(44.08)
Minimum temperature record ° C (° F) −15.4
(4.3)
 −15.9
(3.4)
 −13.1
(8.4)
 −7.6
(18.3)
 −1.0
(30.2)
 5.5
(41.9)
 9.8
(49.6)
 10.5
(50.9)
 4.5
(40.1)
 −4.0
(24.8)
 −7.7
(18.1)
 −13.0
(8.6)
 −15.9
(3.4)
Precipitation mm (inch) 93.2
(3.669)
 130.0
(5.118)
 224.4
(8.835)
 237.7
(9.358)
 294.4
(11.591)
 634.6
(24.984)
 669.7
(26.366)
 318.9
(12.555)
 287.6
(11.323)
 131.3
(5.169)
 111.1
(4.374)
 74.3
(2.925)
 3,206.2
(126.228)
Snowfall cm (inch) 47
(18.5)
 37
(14.6)
 17
(6.7)
 2
(0.8)
 － － － － － － 2
(0.8)
 22
(8.7)
 128
(50.4)
 % The humidity 83 80 78 73 76 84 90 87 85 79 79 81 81
The mean monthly daylight hours 95.3 111.9 132.9 160.6 161.9 114.3 116.8 141.3 126.0 152.6 123.8 113.5 1,550.9
The source: The Meteorological Agency

History of volcano

 
The first crater of Mt. Naka-dake

By the activity that the activity 350,000 years ago is reported for approximately 6 million years [14] but is newer as for most activity than approximately 850,000 years ago [14]. On the other hand, the active volcano and ejectamenta are snake ノ tails Corea hill, Akamizu lava, Mt. Kishima (approximately 4,000 years ago) and Mt. death (approximately 3,600 years ago), U.S. mound (approximately 3,300 years ago) and Mt. Naka-dake in the past 10000 years [15].

After activity of the central cone group after the caldera eruption played a key role in the caldera formative period to repeat last caldera volcano active point Aso volcanic group before the caldera formation, caldera eruption, I am divided into caldera volcano season and three by a style of the activity [14]. In addition, it features an explosive eruption and can find Koya tail feather root lava [16], but there is little activity to let the lava flow begin to flow.

Last Aso volcanic group

 
Waterfall of Koga flowing through the lava cliff of last Aso volcano

There was the relatively small activity of the volcanic group that formed current outer rims of a volcanic crater more than 300,000 years ago [14]. In addition, these volcanic groups are buried under the caldera [17].

Caldera formative period

There was four times of large-scale eruption (Aso1-4) by 90,000 years for approximately 270,000 years. Because I gushed a large quantity of lapilli and volcanic ashes, pyroclastic flow let you arrive at it widely, and a pyroclastic flow plateau and a huge hollow (caldera) were formed around the crater.

  • It is [18], spout quantity 32 DRE km3[19] Aso1 approximately 266,000 years ago.
  • It is [18], spout quantity 32 DRE km3[19] Aso2 approximately 141,000 years ago.
  • It is [20], spout quantity 96 DRE km3[19] Aso3 approximately 130,000 years ago.
  • It is spout quantity 384 DRE km3[19] Aso4 approximately 90,000 years ago.

A scale greatly broke out most, and the quantity went over approximately 600 cube km [21], and [22], the pyroclastic flow covered Middle Kyushu, and went over the sea, and the fourth eruption (Aso 4 tephra: Aso4) reached it in that to Yamaguchi Akiyoshi-dai [23], and the volcanic ashes reached it to Sea of Japan bottom of the sea, Hokkaido [24]. I am confirmed in the Korean Peninsula [25]. It may be said that this eruption happened in approximately 90,000 years ago was "ultra pre-knee-style eruption" (collapse eruption). They can identify the generation if they find Aso 3 tephra [20], the stratum made of volcanic ashes of the Aso 4 tephra, and botany, the archeology are used as important index sediment in various research fields.

後 caldera volcano season

 
An expanse of Aso 4 pyroclastic flow and the Aso 4 tephra. The pyroclastic flow of Kyushu reach the whole area, and the volcanic ashes almost deposit more than 15cm in a wide area of South Hokkaido from Kyushu.

The volcano where Takaoka, Mt. Naka-dake, Mt. Eboshi of the central cone group, the Mt. Kishima were active after huge caldera eruption of the said article fourth. Mt. Naka-dake carries out an active activity now. It is estimated that the Mt. basis is older than the fourth huge caldera eruption. Nagaoka and others (2004)[26] who studied the activity of the 後 caldera volcano classified activity in some stages.

  • 80,000 years ago: Knee-style eruption pre-on "Takamori stage" beginning in the Aso -4 pyroclastic flow spout direct back, magma steam eruption.
  • Generation ignorance: The times when magma steam eruption featured "the Sakuracho stage", and Lake Old Aso, Lake Kugino existed.
  • It is 30,000 years ago for 50,000 years: Various eruption such as pre-knee type eruption, sub pre-knee type eruption, the bulldog Kano type eruption got up by eruption to bring an ejection full of the changes including descent pumice, スコリア, volcanic ashes, the rock piece in turn on "荻 stage". The activity that gushed Koya tail feather root lava corresponds.
  • It is 15,000 years ago from 30,000 years: Sub pre-knee-style eruption, a pre-knee type erupt from Takaoka and Mt. Naka-dake volcano Old mountain body on "Namino stage".
  • After 15,000 years ago: Small scale Old and more comparative on "one shrine stage" Mt. Naka-dake volcano by bulldog Kano expression eruption from 新期山体 than the activity before it.

Main activity after the history on record

Frequent activity is recorded mainly around Mt. Naka-dake from the about sixth century, and earth and sand spout, an incandescence phenomenon, eruption are observed routinely [27]; [28].

 
Mt. Naka-dake eruption (April, 1953)
 
Mt. Naka-dake (September, 2015) which smokes

The remarkable activity to remain for the record is as follows.

  • The fields go to ruin for a cinder, a fall of ash (Bunei 11 years) in 1274.
  • I produce the new crater (from the Eiroku era first year two years) for 1558 through 1559.
  • It is the damage of farm products for a fall of ash (the Yasunaga year) for 1772 through 1780.
  • Steam erupts (culture 13 years) in 1816. It is one death in a cinder
  • Three worshipers die by eruption of February 26 (the Ansei first year) in 1854.
  • 1872 (1872) by eruption of December 30. Several people of sulfur digging die.
  • I produce the new crater (1884) in the most northern part of the central crater in 1884.
  • It is a fall of ash large quantity, farm products, oxen and horses damage (1929) for 1,929 years.
  • Mount Aso meteorological observatory windowpane is damaged for ending in failure (1932) in 1932. It is 13 injured people near the crater on December 18.
  • The second, the activity of the first crater become active (1933) in 1933. A little less than 1m in diameter incandescence cinder is scattered number 100m with height, the horizontal distance.
  • It is six tourist dead people, injured person more than 90 name in the cinder which spouted out (1953) from the first crater in 1953.
  • Fall of ash sand a large quantity of in the ejection from the crater (1958) first 1958 in the hillside whole area, dead person 12, injured person 28.
  • It is from January to June (1975) for 1,975 years. It is a fall of ash in the previous year around an eruption intermittent continuation, the crater from August. In the earthquake frequent occurrence, the seismic center, the Aso caldera northern part, the most major earthquake are a seismic intensity of 5 at M6.1, Mount Aso meteorological observatory at 23:19 on January 23 in the end of January.
  • It is three dead people, serious wound two, slight wound nine, crater east station building damage (1979) around Mt. Narao for 1,979 years.
  • It is damage to farm products with a fall of ash large quantity (1989) for 1,989 years.
  • 2007 (2007) eruption caution level 1 [29]
  • Seismic activity of crater northwest side around 10km increases after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake temporarily (2011) in 2011.
  • 2014 (2014) eruption caution level 2 [30]
  • I erupt (2015) from the Mt. Naka-dake first crater at 9:43 on September 14 in 2015 [31]. Because a cinder and a procession of the smoke (sky 2,000m) were confirmed; eruption caution level 3 [32].
  • The eruption that is extremely small (2016) at the Mt. Naka-dake first crater for approximately ten hours from about half past 8 a.m. on April 16 for 2,016 years. A crater wall collapses, and I am considered that the earth and sand which collapsed were blown up with volcanic gas and steam by strong shaking of the Kumamoto earthquake (2016) [33].
  • Eruption wants to occur (2016) at about 1:46 a.m. on October 8 in 2016 [34] and saves it and raises an eruption caution level to 3 (climbing a mountain regulation) from 2 (around crater regulation) [35].

Anti-disaster measures

Dugout

 
Dugout

As anti-disaster measures at the time of the eruption, it is built 13 places within the range of 1km of the Mt. Naka-dake crater a dugout [36]. The foxhole is made of steel reinforced concrete firmly and can take 30 people because of one. A large number of cinders poured by eruption happened in October, 1989, but, as for the durability of the dugout, a strong thing is revealed so as not to be broken [37].

Eruption caution level

The Fukuoka district meteorological observatory introduces an eruption caution level from December, 2007. The first crater of Mt. Naka-dake is watched with regular TV monitor. Volcanicity gas density is always measured after April, 2007, and a warning is given by the density of gas [38]. When it becomes the dangerous density, the entrance to the crater neighborhood in the sightseeing purpose is limited. In addition, the eruption caution level in Mount Aso "is estimated as level 1 unlike other volcanoes because eruption does not occur very much even if the crater becomes red-hot" [39].

Sightseeing

 
Mount Aso ropeway and Mt. Eboshi

The tourists from the country of the Asian area increase recently. I was not able to run in it by privately-owned car before to the crater, but a parking lot is maintained recently and can go by privately-owned car to the place called a 1-minute walk to the crater. In addition, the ropeway is maintained, too. There are the plural campgrounds at the foot of a mountain, too, and the horseback riding is carried out in Kusasenri meadow, too. Natural beauty scenery is good, and 詠 is broken in modern-style poetry, and Kusasenri meadow (the Kusasenri meadow ヶ beach) in particular is appointed to the natural beauty spot of the country and a natural monument. There are many things which saw the photograph which photographed Aso from the Aso Valley that it is easy to photograph, but, to photograph from the Nango valley, there is not a white black kite, and the picture is beautiful because it is backlight in the case of the morning sun.

Hot spring

In Mount Aso, the outskirts are blessed with many hot springs because of a huge volcano. I belong to the Aso くじゅう national park, and there is a hot-spring resort of Aso-Uchinomaki Onsen and Aso-Akamizu Onsen in the caldera, and there are one hotel of Tarutama Onsen or Jigoku Onsen around Mt. Eboshi. In Minamioguni-machi of outer ring Yamakita, many hot springs of Kurokawa Onsen, Hagenoyu Onsen gush out and are appointed in the national hot spring recreation area.

Mount Aso ropeway

I refer to "the Mount Aso ropeway"

Legend

Notched head of the Mt. basis

Takaoka, Mt. Naka-dake, Mt. Eboshi, the Mt. Kishima and the Mt. basis of the youngest child competed who could rise earliest. A result, Mt. basis overtook even Takaoka of the eldest son and became highest. しかし、それは鬼たちに阿蘇の国で自由に暴れさせる代わりに、竹田から土を運んで自分の頭に積ませたからだった。 これを知った阿蘇大明神は激怒し、根子岳の頭をピシャリピシャリと何度も叩いた。 そのおかげで根子岳の頭はギザキザになってしまった。

肥後国の猫

肥後国の猫は7歳になると根子岳へ修行に来るという。そして人に化けて迷った旅人をおびき寄せ、散々振る舞った後、寝ている隙に食べるとされている。アニメ「まんが日本昔ばなし」で紹介された時は、温泉のお湯で旅人を猫に変えてしまうとなっている。

火口瀬

大昔の阿蘇は外輪山に切れ目が無く、その中には水がたまって広大なカルデラ湖になっていた。健磐龍命（タケイワタツノミコト、阿蘇大明神）はこの水を無くして田畑を造ろうと考えた。そこで、外輪山の一部を蹴破ることにした。一度目に挑戦した場所はなかなか蹴破れない。というのもその場所は山が二重になっているからで、以後「二重（ふたえ）ノ峠」と呼ばれるようになった。別の場所で再挑戦すると今度は見事に蹴破ることができた。しかし、そのはずみで健磐龍は尻餅をついてしまって「立てぬ!」と叫んだ。以後その場所は「立野（たての）」と呼ばれるようになった。

蹴破った場所からは大量の水が流れ出し滝となり、数匹の鹿も流されたことから、以後「数鹿流（すがる）が滝」と呼ばれるようになった。湖水が引いてくると底から巨大なナマズが現れた。ナマズが湖水をせき止めていたため、健磐龍は太刀でナマズを切り、ようやく湖水は流れ去ったという。また、カルデラ湖にいた鯰が流れ着いた場所が現在の嘉島町の鯰という地名になっているともいわれている。

米塚

 
米塚(2007年7月撮影)

米塚（こめづか）は、草千里下にある約100メートルほどの均整のとれた小山。火砕丘である。伝説では健磐龍命が収穫した米を積み上げて作ったとされ、貧しい人達に米を分け与えたことで頂上にくぼみができたとされている。国の名勝及び天然記念物に指定されている。熊本地震 (2016年)により山頂の火口縁などに亀裂が生じた[40]。

的石伝説

阿蘇市的石の地名の語源でもある"的石"は北外輪山のふもとにある石で、その昔阿蘇神社の祭神である健磐龍命（阿蘇大明神）が阿蘇五岳の外れにある往生岳（往生岳は五岳に含まれない）から弓の稽古をする時に的にしたという伝説からこの名がつけられている。ちなみに往生岳山頂から的石までは約7kmほどの距離となっている。

また、往生岳から的石まで射られた矢は、健磐龍命の従者で鬼八という足の速い男が往生岳から的石まで走って取りにいき健磐龍命に渡していた。99回目までは鬼八も的石と往生岳を往復して矢を運んでいたが、100回目に疲れて的石から往生岳めがけ矢を投げ返した。その矢がたまたま健磐龍命の腿に当たり、それに腹を立てた健磐龍命は鬼八を成敗しようとして追った。鬼八は阿蘇中を逃げ回り、更に阿蘇の外まで逃げ、そこで一息ついて8回屁をひったといわれその場所の地名である矢部の語源になったと言われる。

その後も鬼八は健磐龍命に追われ、ついには捕らえられ首をはねられたが、不思議なことに首をはねてもはねてもすぐに首は元通りにくっつく。腕や足をはねてみたがやはりすぐに元通りとなる。そこで健磐龍命は鬼八の体をばらばらに切り、それぞれを離れた場所に埋めた。そうするともう鬼八はよみがえることがなくなったという。

しかしその後、鬼八の怨念は阿蘇の地に早霜を降らせるようになり、稲に大きな被害が出るようになった。そこで健磐龍命は役犬原という場所に霜の宮と名づけた社を建て鬼八の怨霊を鎮めたという。現在でも霜宮神社では幼い女子が59日間火を絶やさずお籠りをするという神事が残っている。

また、高千穂にも"鬼八伝説"が残っている。

阿蘇山が登場する作品

文学

映画、漫画、アニメ、特撮など

ギャラリー

  • 杵島岳スコリア丘

  • 往生岳スコリア丘

  • 米塚スコリア丘

  • 外輪山(カルデラ壁)

  • 草千里ヶ浜火口と烏帽子岳成層火山(中央)

脚注

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ 第四紀火山 活火山 阿蘇 産業技術総合研究所 阿蘇火山地質図
  2. ^ 深田久弥 『日本百名山』 新潮社、1964年。、ASIN B000JAFKT2。（改訂1991年。ISBN 4103184051）、（新潮文庫 1978年、ASIN B000J8KTOU。）、（改版2003年。ISBN 4101220026。）
  3. ^ 阿蘇山 国土地理院 (PDF)
  4. ^ 河野義禮、昭和七八年の阿蘇火山活動概況 岩石礦物礦床學 Vol.11 (1934) No.6 P274-282
  5. ^ 島野安雄、名水を訪ねて (3) 熊本県の4名水 地下水学会誌 Vol.30 (1988) No.3 p.177-184_1
  6. ^ 阿蘇山ロープウェー
  7. ^ 国土地理院 基準点成果等閲覧サービス
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 出典 : 日本の火山 阿蘇火山地質図 - 産業技術総合研究所 地質調査総合センター、2016年4月閲覧
  9. ^ 出典 : 阿蘇火山の過去8万年の噴火史と1989年噴火 - 早川由紀夫、井村隆介(1991)、2016年4月閲覧
  10. ^ a b c d e 出典 : 阿蘇のジオサイト紹介以下 - 阿蘇ジオパーク、2016年4月閲覧
  11. ^ a b c 出典 : 日本活火山総覧(第4版)Web掲載版 阿蘇山 (PDF) - 気象庁、2016年4月閲覧
  12. ^ a b 出典 : 阿蘇山[ - 気象庁、2016年4月閲覧
  13. ^ a b c 阿蘇山 観測史上1〜10位の値 The Meteorological Agency
  14. ^ a b c d 古川邦之ほか：阿蘇カルデラ北西壁に分布する先阿蘇火山岩類の地質学・岩石学的研究：先カルデラ火山活動における噴火活動とマグマ供給系 地質学雑誌 Vol.115 (2009) No.12 P658-671
  15. ^ 阿蘇山 気象庁
  16. ^ 流紋岩溶岩流の内部構造 : 阿蘇カルデラ内,高野尾羽根溶岩の例 日本火山学会講演予稿集 2004, 168, 2004-10-19
  17. ^ 長岡信治、奥野充、阿蘇火山中央火口丘群のテフラ層序と爆発的噴火史 地学雑誌 Vol.113 (2004) No.3 P425-429
  18. ^ a b 阿蘇火砕流 熊本県高等学校教育研究会 地学部会
  19. ^ a b c d 阿蘇カルデラ 産総研 (PDF)
  20. ^ a b 下山正一、低平地地下における阿蘇3火砕流堆積物(Aso-3)の年代について 佐賀大学低平地防災研究センター編 低平地研究 Vol.10 p.31-38
  21. ^ 高橋正樹「破局噴火」祥伝社新書126 p68
  22. ^ 噴火による堆積物の見かけの量である噴出量は、火山灰や軽石などの比重が軽い噴出物が多い場合、DRE(マグマ噴出量)より大きな値となる。
  23. ^ 藤井純子ほか、山口県に分布する阿蘇4テフラの古地磁気方位 第四紀研究 Vol.39 (2000) No.3 P227-232
  24. ^ 町田洋ほか、阿蘇 4 火山灰 : 分布の広域性と後期更新世示標層としての意義 日本火山学会 火山. 第2集 30(2), 49-70, 1985-07-01
  25. ^ 国立天文台編：理科年表 平成20年度版(2007年) 丸善 p688 「日本列島およびその周辺地域の第4紀後期広域カルデラ」より
  26. ^ 阿蘇火山中央火口丘群のテフラ層序と爆発的噴火史 地学雑誌 Vol.113 (2004) No.3 P425-429
  27. ^ 大森房吉、阿蘇山噴火概表 地学雑誌 Vol.32 (1920) No.3 P116-124
  28. ^ 阿蘇山 有史以降の火山活動 The Meteorological Agency
  29. ^ 噴火予報(阿蘇山)平成19年12月1日10時16分 気象庁
  30. ^ 噴火警報（火口周辺）(阿蘇山)平成26年8月30日9時40分気象庁
  31. ^ 噴火に関する火山観測報(阿蘇山噴火) 2015年09月14日09時50分発表 気象庁
  32. ^ 阿蘇山 噴火警報（火口周辺）平成27年9月14日10時10分 福岡管区気象台 (気象庁)
  33. ^ "阿蘇山噴火は土砂崩れ噴き上げか 京大火山研が現地調査". 西日本新聞. (2016年4月19日) 
  34. ^ 阿蘇山の活動状況 気象庁
  35. ^ 火山名 阿蘇山 噴火警報（火口周辺） 平成28年10月8日01時55分 福岡管区気象台
  36. ^ 『噴火時等の対応事例』<資料・第二回(平成19年1月10日)配布資料> - 火山情報等に対応した火山防災対策検討会、P19
  37. ^ いのちを守る　熊本・阿蘇山の噴石への備えを取材しました。(14/10/01)
  38. ^ 阿蘇火山西火口規制情報 阿蘇火山防災会議協議会
  39. ^ 鍵山恒臣、阿蘇山 国交省 日本の活火山(17) (PDF)
  40. ^ "阿蘇山の米塚に亀裂". 西日本新聞. (2016年4月20日) 

参考文献

関連項目

  ウィキメディア・コモンズには、阿蘇山に関連するカテゴリがあります。
  ポータル 日本の地理
  プロジェクト 山

外部リンク

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