M1897 75mm field gun
M1897 75mm field gun (Buddha: Canon de 75 modèle 1897) is a field gun of diameter 75mm that France adopted in 1897.
M1897 is often called "Schneider M1897", but direct have nothing to do with M1912 75mm field gun and the M1914 75mm field gun which Schneider Corporation designed because a French state-run weapon arsenal produces it, and Schneider Corporation does not participate in development. In M1912 and M1914, a cannonball and a cartridge for M1897 were available, and it was smaller and lighter than M1897, but structure was complicated.
Table of contents
Summary
It was a big revolution child of the cannon equipped with 液気圧式駐退復座機 for the first time in the world, and blaze speed rose in comparison with an existing cannon drastically. United States or Poland adopted it including France of the production country, and I was used on World War II by World War I.
This one point where the characteristic of the M1897 field gun was equipped with 駐退復座機 is the biggest characteristic. Because it was necessary to return 砲 to the original position every time I bombarded it, and to readjust the aim because 砲 fell down in reaction behind whenever the cannon for the open battle except the previous mortar bombarded it, as for the substantial blaze speed, two per one minute were limits.
However, M1897 prevents that I reduce reaction to suffer from a naval gun mount because only the gun barrel falls down at the time of bombardment behind, and 砲全体 retreats by having carried 駐退復座機. I was able to in this way support heat that was deeper for the infantry unit of the friend because it was not necessary to put back a position of 砲 while I continued bombarding it (unless I change the target), and to readjust an aim, and the blaze speed rose to 15 per one minute.
After this 砲 was developed, the development of the cannon which carried 駐退復座機 in all the countries of the world became popular and developed 液圧駐退, spring return seat-type 駐退復座機 which German croup Corporation designed originally in 1902 five years later and I adopted it to a cannon made in the company and sold line metal Corporation and Japan, the U.K. it. The spring return seat expression did not have an atmospheric pressure return seat expression and a wide margin for the performance, but the cannon made in Germany came to be equipped with 液気圧式駐退復座機 in World War II because the capacity and weight were bulky.
The closedown machine adopts 隔螺式. Because it is a simple crus type about the naval gun mount, the horizontal angle of fire is only by right and left 3 degrees. Because the gun elevation got only around 18 degrees, I could not perform the indirect laying bombardment to bombard the aim that I could not see from a gunman directly and was not able to deny that it was a model before World War I still more.
As for the cannonball, development was original, and only a high-explosive projectile and a shrapnel, shot were prepared, but the poison-gas bomb which filled mustard gas or phosgene gas during World War I came to be used.
Development
In France which thought that croup company of Germany started the development of the field gun which carried 駐退復座機 in 1890, oneself started the development of the field gun with 駐退復座機, too. A trial product was completed in 1894, but maintenance of the atmospheric pressure of the atmospheric pressure-style recuperator posture was difficult and needed improvement. 駐退復座機 which was worthy of practical use in 1896 was completed, and a gun barrel and the naval gun mount which I attached it to were designed. Besides, a sighting device and the manta of the nickel steel sheet to facilitate the use by the open battle were attached and were adopted a regulation on March 28, 1898.
A model equipped with to the naval gun mount which was designed again to be able to take large gun elevation in 1913 just before World War I was developed, and it was equipped, and this was used for a four-wheeled car as a self-run antiaircraft gun (anti-aircraft gun) by a name of "Auto-canon de 75 modèle 1913".
Operational
in France
In World War I outbreak those days, it became the main field gun of the French army. However, M1897 came to be used for the destruction of the machine gun seat by the direct aim and the strength of an army casualties in the trench by the projection of 曳火砲撃 and the poison-gas bomb of the shrapnel mainly when war shifted to trench warfare to destroy the structure of the trench by the 75mm cannonball because it was lacking in power. In addition, I was used as the main battery of the sun sramana charge tank.
After World War I was over, M1897 continues being used for a long time in a French military, and I was repaired by the antitank gun specifications with the split expression naval gun mount, and, as for part, the gun of others exchanges a woodenness wheel for a rubber tire, too. Even invasion of Nazis Germany of 1940 in France was used for German military partner, but I was requisitioned other than the thing that there remained it in the Vichy government forces in the all Germany forces by French defeat.
United States of America
I introduced 1,900 gates at the time of World War I participation in a war in a hurry from France, and license production was carried out afterwards in the United States. I was used after World War I for a long time, but I was updated to M2A1 105mm howitzer made in the own country which had larger-diameter head range, high versatility for a field gun from 1940 and retired.
The M3 75mm tank destroyer which carried M1897 field gun in the carrier of M3 Halftrack is developed and is used as an early tank expulsion car of U.S. forces at North Africa front and Italian front, Pacific front.
The 75mmM2/M3 tank gun is often considered to be M1897 base, but an antiaircraft gun really descends from the T6 antiaircraft gun which is a model not a direct development type of M1897. In addition, the 75mmM5/M6 tank gun remodeled 75mmM4/T13E1 put on B-25G/H for vehicle installation.
in Poland
It was given as part of military aid at the time of Poland Soviet Union war after the independence by France and was used in a battle with Soviet Union Red Army troops with the M1902 76mm field gun which I requisitioned at the time of separation independence from Russian Empire. I held 1,374 gates at the time of the invasion of 1939 in Poland and used it for the German military and Reds, but it was done 鹵獲 by Germany, and a majority was applied in the Germany forces.
Nazis Germany
In the German military, 鹵獲 did large number of M1897 field guns which Poland and France held in invasion in Poland and a western blitz (invasion, invasion in Netherlands in France). I touched a regulation name of 7.5cm F.K.231(f) to the thing which did 鹵獲 to the thing which did 鹵獲 in Poland in 7.5cm F.K.97(p), France and applied it.
7.5 cm PaK 97/38
In Soviet Union invasion (German ソ war) by the Operation バルバロッサ of 1941, 3.7cm PaK 36 and 5cm PaK 38 which were the main antitank gun of the German military were chosen as a pinch hitter before a number of 7.5cm PaK 40 being prepared to M1897 field gun without a tooth hardly standing for T-34 medium tank and the KV-1 heavy tank of the Soviet Union forces.
M1897 repaired by 7.5cm PaK 97/38 which increased a naval gun mount of 5cm PaK 38 and improvement such as putting it together to secure a horizontal angle of fire could overthrow T-34 from every direction if I used a molding bursting charge bullet, and it was useful early for KV-1 the side and back armor because it was pierceable. However, muzzle velocity was lower than 7.5cm PaK 40 and 7.62cm PaK 36(r), and the power of the hard and strong cannonball was low, and there was not the compatibility of the cannonball, too. Besides, because the naval gun mount which I put together was originally used for a 50mm gun, self-respect was short to take the reaction of the 75mm gun, and shooting precision decreased at the badness of the stability and lowness of 弾速 clearly if more than distance 500m.
Therefore, when the number of 7.5cm PaK 40 gathered enough, I was raised from the Eastern Front and was moved to France and was deployed on the Atlantic wall and was delivered to the allied force of Eastern Europe.
In addition, there was the case deployed in the gunner regiment of the nation grenadier division.
Specifications, performance
Specifications
- Classification: Field gun
- Diameter: 75mm
- The gun barrel head: 2,700mm (36-caliber)
- Weight: 1,544 kg
- The number of the gun crew: Six people
Performance
- An elevation corner: -11 degrees ~+18 °
- A turning corner: Right and left 6 degrees
- Muzzle muzzle velocity: 500m/s
- Effective range: 8,550m (high-explosive projectile) / 6,800m (shrapnel)
- Discharge speed: 15/m (maximum)
Cannonball, charge of gunpowder
- Ammunition:
- A cannonball: 75x350mmR
The operational history
- A development country:
France - A production period: From 1897 to 1940?
- An edition: More than 21,000 gates
Appearance work
Allied item
- Field gun
- The gin-based cocktail which was made in commemoration of victory of French 75 - World War I in Paris. I name the 75mm diameter of the book gun for the name as the symbol that led a French military to the victory.
- Main field gun of each country of World War I period
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia M1897 75mm field gun
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