Four pitches of intention

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Battery (game with farm team of Hanshin Tigers) to give a wide berth

Four pitches of intention (come as soon as possible intentional base on balls, intentional walk) is records to be included in the act that a pitcher gives a batter a base on balls in baseball intentionally.

Four pitches of intention is terms defined in an authorized baseball rule, but are generally called an intentional walk (Kei plays it) in Japan.

Table of contents

Summary

Defenses are usually intended to kill a batter in an out. However, I may give you a base on balls intentionally when the which gives a base on balls, and ends a turn at bat is judged for last laugh in consideration for the personal ability of the batter and the situation of the game when appropriate.

You must comprise later requirements that four pitches of intention is distinguished from a normal base on balls and become the official record, but are expressed with "an intentional walk" or "an intentional walk tendency" when you do not meet all of they requirements when the intention that I am going to do for the base on balls of the defense is felt by the person who saw it.

Four pitches of intention in itself is one of the excellent tactics to blockade a partner not an act equal to the violation of rule, but there are many audiences who boo a pitcher, and give hoots while I perform an intention base on balls in the professional baseball as the performance. Four pitches of intention such as the situation that a fight for victory or defeat of the game itself particularly championship affects is often permitted with a strategy to ensure victory, but the criticism that is very strong for the act to be similar to intention base on balls and it to save the check of the later blow title and a past record (home base at bats) is performed and I load it with the meaning of the protest in one of the batter who noticed what is done to aim at four pitches of intention and swing and miss it on purpose, and there is the player doing it in a strike. Record sabotage created a big sensation, and a commissioner and the chairperson of league have been careful severely.

A rule and record at the time of four pitches of intention

It is said that the catcher must be located in the authorized baseball rule just after the home base until a pitcher starts a throw. When I perform four pitches of intention in particular, it is said that you must not start even one leg from catchers box until a ball leaves the hand of the pitcher, and a balk is inflicted to a pitcher if I violate this. Therefore, the pitcher lets you show that you perform four pitches of intention beforehand with catcher, and it is necessary for the catcher to prepare to cope even if a distantly to some extent away ball is thrown.

• In late years this rule "that the catcher is located in catchers box until a pitcher releases a ball" is not quite protected in the professional baseball of Japan in particular. Even if the umpire often consents tacitly, and a pitcher throws a ball when catcher takes out one leg practically outside a catcher box and holds it, it has few balk and judged example.

When a pitcher is conscious of the fourth pitch ball and threw it out to the catcher who stands up since before having thrown a ball, in the record top, the record that is different from a normal base on balls is done as "four pitches of intention" (the position of the catcher does not matter). For example,

1. The pitcher played, but because a strike did not enter, and ball count became 3 ball 0 strikes, catcher stood up by the fourth pitch throw and the pitcher threw a ball on purpose and gave a batter a base on balls.
2. The pitcher threw three balls to do four pitches of intention, but because the situation changed, I turned for a game and aimed at the strike zone. However, the judgment was a ball, and the throw gave a batter a base on balls, too.

With the case of という two, the former is recorded with "four pitches of intention", but, as for the latter, a normal "base on balls" is recorded.

Even if the batter hits the throw of these four pitches of intention, without hindrance, the example that I hit so that I am mentioned later exists (I refer to the following "example with the throw that aimed at four pitches of intention as a hit").

In addition, I have only to tell it to a ball umpire if I think it to want to do it in four pitches of intention in the international rule of the softball and do not need the throw. It became Japan like an international rule by rule revision of 2013 (you had to throw a ball until revision).

Case to perform four pitches of intention

Because it leads to scoring opportunity to give the offense one or two runners by four pitches of intention, the defense will perform an intention base on balls only when there is a worth merit without the demerit being connected for a direct defeat and if I supplement it. The following cases are typical.

1. When I narrow the choice of the offense, and the defense tactics becomes clear. It is the most common case performing four pitches of intention. "The runner second," it is used "the runner third base" at the age of "runner 2.3 fort" (and sometimes in the case of the runner 1.3 fort). Originally the defense can do the runner who was on the fort in a state of the force by sending the runner to the first base (I refer to a force play), and it is said to the fort that it becomes easy to protect it if I let you face the next batter and hit the batted ball of the grounder to only do a most moving passage ball, and to be able to take the out. 1 loss are used many in the scene which is not permitted, too. There is the case that consecutive, two people do for an intention base on balls when only one makes it four pitches of intention at the age of the runner third base, and, as for the former, as for 2 losses including the game middle stage, the latter is often adopted in the scene of the pinch of the good-bye game when I want to avoid it. I call that I fill all forts by four pitches of intention "the measures with the bases full" in particular.
2. When the next batter is easier to deal with for a pitcher. For example, with the case which expect it in giving a cleanup (batter strongest generally) four pitches of intention, and taking the out in the fifth batters or give the eighth batter an intention base on balls, and faces the ninth batter (generally the ability for blow is low in Central League where a designated hitter system is not adopted because generally a pitcher is the ninth batter) (a pinch hitter is often sent by the game end game in a tie score and the behind, but a pinch hitter does not often appear that the starting pitcher cooks it and throws it more than 5 innings if lead you by a narrow margin even if is effective at the early stages, and is the end game). The good balance of right and left of the batter is often considered to be considered that a left hander is advantageous to a right hander, the left batter for the right batter.
3. When it is the situation that is dangerous so that it is connected directly with a score to throw out a ball of the strike zone to a batter. For example, when ball count leads, and a pitcher cannot afford to give up a strike by an all energy throw, I give up the game with the batter and may do four pitches of intention. For example, the case that ball count made 3 ball 0 strikes corresponds to one (in the case of full bases, it is excluded) of that the runner is at the third base by no outs or dying.
4. When it affects a record, a title. When the position player (the excellent player who or is past) of the defense holds a record or I am in the high rank by individual batting leaders, I perform an intention base on balls for the batter who is going to overtake it and prevent you from improving a record and results.

Four pitches of intention plan chosen among a tactical point of view purely (to Clause 3) may be performed routinely and is recognized as one of the tactics widely. In addition, it is determined whether you really perform four pitches of intention by a combination of situation to Clause 3. On the other hand, the intentional base on balls (Clause 4) about record, fight for title is a pro and con, and there are affirmation, the opinion to accept saying "the partner who the name remains in the history of baseball if supervision and the sympathy act of the coach that want to let you catch a title catch a title, and was not able to catch up with the life after the annual salary shop before rather it is in such a situation to be incorrigible because it sounds either is bad", but, on the other hand, targets of criticism and the impeachment do not rarely include which "a rule does not violate it" as an "unfair means "self-righteous act on the professional baseball side that ignored the thought of the fan expecting a fair title fight" unworthy of an athlete". In addition, it is often what is performed in the form that the victory or defeat of a flow and the team of the game ignored that such an act is a throwaway match exclusively and is performed, and there is the opinion "that it is the same as a fix, a defeat act and should punish strictly". ^{[Who is it?]}

Method of four pitches of intention

It is necessary for the pitcher to give up a ball and a judged throw intentionally to perform four pitches of intention.

For four pitches of general intention, the pitcher throws a ball in order to avoid the situation that to throw a ball and the ball ball is hit by force judged to be a ball clearly in the place enough away from a batter. For preparations for catching, the catcher waits for a throw for the posture that I started. In many cases, the pitcher throws a ball gently so that catcher does not make a passed ball. The catcher moves to the position that deviated from the home base as needed and catches it. A batter is given a base on balls by repeating this four times, and four pitches of intention is recorded.

When a pitcher takes it off definitely without catcher taking the posture of four pitches of intention, I am called a base on balls showing a slight intentional walk, but may be expressed when I perform it for a game to some extent saying "I do not play forcibly".

Example

Miscellaneous contents are enumerated by this gnarl. It is necessary to be eliminated rearranging whether you incorporate the gnarl which only enumerated matters by items as the text. (November, 2012)

The position and baseball team name is a thing at the time of all.

Example with the throw that aimed at four pitches of intention as a hit

• Shigeo Nagashima (giant) of 1960 hits the throw that the three times aimed at four pitches of intention only with 1 season and does it for a hit.
• I perform a home run of the throw that Junichi Kashiwabara (Nippon Meat Packers) aimed at four pitches of intention by game with Seibu on July 19, 1981. The pitcher is Tamotsu Nagai.
• On June 2, 1990, Warren Cromartie (giant) hit the throw that aimed at a clearly intentional base on balls with a Hiroshima war and did it for a good-bye timely hit and got victory. The pitcher is Akihito Kaneishi.
• On June 12, 1999, Tsuyoshi Shinjo (Hanshin) saw that a ball of Yutaka Makihara oneself (giant) who was going to give up four pitches of intention was thrown near the strike zone and hit this and did it with a good-bye timely hit to break third-base outfield. I stood outside of a person reason, the skill and batters box, and an intentional walk ball that a pitcher got an illusion and threw to the outer course guided it to the strike zone as nearby. I sound out these measures to Manager Katsuya Nomura beforehand at a bench, and it is said that the green light was really started by a coach after having entered the turn at bat. By the way, the hitting coach of Hanshin at the time was Junichi Kashiwabara mentioned above.
• On June 22, 2006, Miguel of Florida Marlins gets a rash, and the lah hits the throw that aimed at four pitches of intention with game with Baltimore Orioles and does it for a hit. The pitcher is Todd Williams.

The example that four pitches of intention became a wild pitch, the passed ball

• Because Masaichi Kaneda (Japanese National Railways) threw an intention base on balls for pinch hitter, Hideo Fujimoto of the giant in 剛速球 in the extension bottom of the 13th inning on August 9, 1952, it becomes the wild pitch and loses in the bottom of the ninth inning.
• Four pitches of intention to Yoshikazu Takagi becomes the wild pitch in an ocean war of the opening game, and, on April 3, 1982, Shigeru Kobayashi (Hanshin) loses in the bottom of the ninth inning.

Other example

• In the first Japan Series sixth game held in 1950, Tadashi Wakabayashi who pitched as the second person everyday pitcher in the scene where every day led four points of Shochiku did Yoshiyuki Iwamoto of Shochiku which had already hit two home runs with the game for an intention base on balls from no outs full bases. I held down the inning to two points of pushing out and the sacrifice fly by the intentional walk every day, and daily life was one point, and, as for this game, good-bye won, and it was in the first championship team in the Japan Series after all.
• When I made my debut as the fifth batter in the professional the first-year opening game, on March 26, 1955, Kihachi Enomoto (every day) received four pitches of intention to four at bats of eyes of the game.
• 1968年5月11日、長嶋茂雄は中日戦で敬遠策に対して抗議の意図でバットを持たずに打席に入った（打撃を行うことは当然できないが、ルール上は問題ない）。しかし、中日の投手・山中巽はそれでも敬遠四球を与えた。
• 駒田徳広は高校（桜井商業高校）時代に強打者として恐れられ、イニング先頭打者や満塁の場面で故意四球にされたことがある。
• 1992年の第74回全国高等学校野球選手権大会で、松井秀喜（星稜高校）は、明徳義塾高校との試合で5打席連続の故意四球を受けた（松井秀喜5打席連続敬遠）。このことは高校野球の教育的見地なども絡んで、大きな社会的議論を巻き起こした（ただし捕手が座った状態での四球だったため、公式記録では「故意四球」ではなく単なる「四球」である）。
• 1998年のメジャーリーグにおいて、バリー・ボンズに対してアリゾナ・ダイヤモンドバックスが2点差の二死満塁から故意四球を与えた。
• 2003年9月20日、アレックス・カブレラ（西武）が延長11回裏一死二塁の場面での故意四球に対し、本来と逆の左打席に立った（それでも対戦相手の近鉄バッテリーは故意四球を与えた）。これは2打席連続となった故意四球への抗議である。なおカブレラはバットを逆に持って打席に入り、故意四球を受けたことがある。また同年6月24日には2打席連続で無走者から故意四球を受けている。

故意四球に関する記録

日本プロ野球

通算記録

順位	選手名	Four pitches of intention	順位	選手名	Four pitches of intention
1	王貞治	427	11	土井正博	106
2	張本勲	228	12	山内一弘	101
3	長嶋茂雄	205	13	イチロー	98
4	野村克也	189		金本知憲
5	門田博光	182	15	A.カブレラ	95
6	落合博満	160	16	山本浩二	94
7	谷繁元信	158	17	大杉勝男	92
8	田淵幸一	125	18	達川光男	88
9	江藤愼一	118	19	中西太	85
10	中村武志	112	20	若松勉	83

• 記録は2016年シーズン終了時点^[1]

シーズン記録

順位	選手名	所属球団	Four pitches of intention	記録年	備考
1	王貞治	読売ジャイアンツ	45	1974年	セ・リーグ記録
2	王貞治	読売ジャイアンツ	41	1966年
3	王貞治	読売ジャイアンツ	38	1973年
4	野村克也	南海ホークス	37	1968年	パ・リーグ記録
5	長嶋茂雄	読売ジャイアンツ	35	1961年
6	川上哲治	読売ジャイアンツ	34	1955年
7	Shigeo Nagashima	読売ジャイアンツ	32	1960年
8	王貞治	読売ジャイアンツ	30	1967年
9	王貞治	読売ジャイアンツ	29	1965年
	A.カブレラ	西武ライオンズ		2002年

• 記録は2016年シーズン終了時点^[2]

メジャーリーグベースボール

通算記録・シーズン記録ともにバリー・ボンズが圧倒している。ボンズの688敬遠のうち、満塁での敬遠は上述の1回だけだが、無走者での敬遠は41度（うち無死無走者の場面での敬遠が5度^[3]）、2ストライクを取られている場面での敬遠が5度（うち0ボール2ストライクからフルカウントになり敬遠されたのが3度）^[4]ある。

通算記録

順位	選手名	Four pitches of intention	順位	選手名	Four pitches of intention
1	バリー・ボンズ	688	11	マニー・ラミレス	216
2	ハンク・アーロン	293	12	トニー・グウィン	203
3	アルバート・プホルス	275	13	マイク・シュミット	201
4	ウィリー・マッコビー	260	14	アーニー・バンクス	198
5	ヴラディミール・ゲレーロ	250	15	ラスティ・スタウブ	193
6	ケン・グリフィー・ジュニア	246	16	ウィリー・メイズ	192
7	ジョージ・ブレット	229	17	カール・ヤストレムスキー	190
8	ウィリー・スタージェル	227	18	チリ・デービス	188
9	エディ・マレー	222		テッド・シモンズ
10	フランク・ロビンソン	218	20	ハロルド・ベインズ	187

• 記録は2014年シーズン終了時点^[5]

シーズン記録

順位	選手名	所属球団	Four pitches of intention	記録年	備考
1	バリー・ボンズ	サンフランシスコ・ジャイアンツ	120	2004年	ナ・リーグ記録
2	バリー・ボンズ	サンフランシスコ・ジャイアンツ	68	2002年
3	バリー・ボンズ	サンフランシスコ・ジャイアンツ	61	2003年
4	ウィリー・マッコビー	サンフランシスコ・ジャイアンツ	45	1969年
5	アルバート・プホルス	セントルイス・カージナルス	44	2009年
6	バリー・ボンズ	サンフランシスコ・ジャイアンツ	43	1993年
				2007年
8	ウィリー・マッコビー	サンフランシスコ・ジャイアンツ	40	1970年
9	バリー・ボンズ	サンフランシスコ・ジャイアンツ	38	2006年
	アルバート・プホルス	セントルイス・カージナルス		2010年

• ア・リーグ記録は33で、テッド・ウィリアムズ（1957年）とジョン・オルルド（1993年）が記録
• 記録は2014年シーズン終了時点^[6]

脚注

1. ^ 歴代最高記録 故意四球 【通算記録】 - NPB公式サイト
2. ^ 歴代最高記録 故意四球 【シーズン記録】 - NPB公式サイト
3. ^ http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/split.cgi?id=bondsba01&year=Career&t=b#bases::none
4. ^ http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/split.cgi?id=bondsba01&year=Career&t=b#count::none
5. ^ 通算記録 (MLB) - Baseball-Reference.com
6. ^ シーズン記録 (MLB) - Baseball-Reference.com

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