End thing
By the huge disasters such as prevalent contagious diseases or a transcendence-like phenomenon, civilization and the human describe a state to die out (Apocalyptic fiction) or the war that or it is large in one of the fictional subgenres (thing to wait for to learn) with (はめつもの) of the ruin of the end, large-scale natural disaster describe the world after civilization died out, and are explosively (Post-apocalyptic fiction).
Table of contents
General statement
Generally, is considered to be a subgenre of the SF, but establish the big category rather than "スペキュレーティブ fiction" (speculative fiction, speculative novel, contemplation novel) including SF, fantasy, horror; with an end thing; the debater is partly, too.
The fiction of the ruin thing assumes in the middle of a disaster or the direct back the stage and describes the state that a city and society are destroyed in a disaster and war and focuses on a hard fight and the psychology of the survivor. In addition, I do the far-off times when a modern civilized society was completely forgotten in the future or becomes a myth with the stage from an accident, and there is the thing representing the people who envision society and natural environments after the civilization, and live in the world or the thing representing the end (die Inge ground) of the earth and the end of space in itself. Such a fiction has the thing belonging to hard SF, but, if anything, there is the work hitting fantasy or a certain dystopia thing.
The human had a nuclear weapon in the hand, and, as for the genre of the end thing, a global massacre took on a third dimension after World War II, and society came to be interested in a nuclear war and came to win popularity at a stretch. However, the novel which described the end of the civilization in exists at the time when Mary sherry wrote "human being (1826) in the last" in at least early 19th century; backed by a violent change of the U.K. society by the development or the Industrial Revolution of the scientific knowledge in the 19th century the fiction representing ruin, the disaster fiction representing the scenery of the end appears after ruin in sequence. In addition, the end thing gets imagination from the myths which I described various eschatology and end that existed for some time for several thousand years in.
In such a fiction, various subject of concern reflects fear to cover up the times when they were written, expectation to social ruin.
Origin of the theme of the end, the ruin
In the fictional origin of the modern end, ancient implicit literature can look at the origin. There are many thing which described the end of the world and the human being society in a myth and the religion of all parts of the world, things which I foretold and exists. For example, in the Judah kingdom, intention to an accident and the end appeared in Babylon 捕囚後, and prophecy about the end came up in the apocalypse literature by prophets (Book of Daniel in particular). Tell me about the end is highly concerned among the Jews who are suppressed in the State of Jewish genus of the anteroposterior Roman Empire where Christianity is born by a Roman and affects the Christian sudden rise and teaching, and Jesus Christ speaks the end in the Gospel, too.
After Christianity spread through the Roman Empire, among the Christians, the thought that Jesus made the second coming at the time of end of the world continued remaining in the center of the faith. Faith and the eschatology of the last part of Roman Empire have a big influence on the formation of the Christian eschatology. Various implicit literature comes up late in the Roman Empire, but it is well known even today and has some kind of influences on almost all of the work of the end theme in Western civilization because the Apocalypse was adopted in the New Testament in that. I continued still affecting the West society in those days as there were the Apocalypse of books not about Buddhism which were not put in the New Testament including the Apocalypse of ペトロ in written apocalypse literature or the Apocalypse of the gnosticism, and the Apocalypse of ペトロ affected "Divine Comedy" of Dante even if removed from the Bible.
The Middle Ages later, literature of the Apocalypse such as "Apocalypse (Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius) of false メトディウス" of the seventh century was written, and the Islam built new eschatology based on Judaism and Christian eschatology, too. Something like "prophecy of Saint Malachias" said to that it is written about all Pope until the end comes up, but this is considered to be forgery of the 16th century not the Middle Ages. イブン Ann = ナフィース (Ibn al-Nafis) which it is a doctor, a scientist in the thirteenth century, and was a philosopher writes novel "Theologus Autodidactus" in Arabic, but this book which explained Islam eschatology using science of the empiricism is the first science fiction before the modern science, and it is thought with the fiction of the first ruin theme.
In addition, the story of Noah and the Noah's ark of the Old Testament Genesis is one of the "deluge" myths to be seen in the ancient world widely, and the civilization that decayed is a deluge, and a state to perish and new civilization describe hope rebuilt after ruin.
of the end of modern times
It was Mary sherry of the British Gothic novel writer who was an author of "Frankenstein" to have got a head start of the fiction of the ruin after modern times. In "the last human beings who published it in 1826," the last one living for the world where the human died out is described in an epidemic. This novel was described as the first science fiction with the novel of the subgenre beginning of the SF called the end thing, but I bathed in severe criticism in those days and was forgotten and it was in the 1960s and was reevaluated.
Novel "After London" of novel Richard Jefferies (Richard Jefferies) of 1885 is often described as "fiction after the first end". England is attacked with this novel suddenly by an unknown accident and becomes no person, and a few survivors live a life like the Middle Ages. It is a sentence of the setting that a future historian commented on death of the civilization and the next, and, in Chapter 1, return ていく is described nature in England by the cause. The farmland is covered in the forest, and the domestic animal returns to the nature, and grass grows thick in a road and the town, and disgusting London becomes a boggy place of a lake and the poisonousness. After Chapter 2, it is the simple adventure that I did on the stage of the earth and the society which returned for the beginning, but there is the thing which is common to later science fiction in description with the English persuasive power after the ruin. Adventure for a youth to come of age on the stage of New York where a short story of 1937 of the Steven Vincent bene (Stephen Vincent Benét) became the ruins by an accident mystery likewise in (By the Waters of Babylon) in "the bank of the water of the Babylon" is created.
Comfortable ruin
Among the British SF novelists after World War II, the fiction which I described after ruin in was all the rage. The characteristic to be common to these most is called "comfortable ruin" (cosy catastrophe).
Originally a word "comfortable ruin" is the word that the book which gave an outline makes fun of a model of the SF of the ruin at the time among "the parties of 1 billion years", and Brian Oldys of the British SF novelist, commentator used history of SF for. With the outline of the typical ruin thing which he criticized, our civilization collapses, and are in the distantly away safety zone, and, in spite of the hopeless situation to die, a chief character and others survivor looks on by an accident, and a person is fun with the aspect that hunt for the luxury that there remained it in an unmanned city, and there is except a few survivors noisily; had an adventure, and rebuilt the community which was small based on outlook on finally their civilization, and added consideration from the situation that a cause and the civilization that had the ruin took a farsighted view of for the cause that died out. As for writing "Day of the Triffids of British novelist John Wyndham," most of the world population lose its eyesight after a meteor shower and people who did not see a meteor shower including a chief character are social collapse and epidemic, stories to escape to the district while fighting against a man-eating plant, but raise it as a representative when Oldys criticizes these ruin things.
"The comfortable ruin" is talked about as a model of the SF of the end of the U.K. after the war, but the early form is already seen in novel "Caesar's Column" which American politician, novelist イグネイシャス ロヨラ Donnelly (Ignatius L. Donnelly) published by an assumed name of "Edmund Boisgilbert" in 1890. I do it with this novel on the stage of the end of 20th century and civilization describes a state to collapse by the riot that a worker woke up for the oligopoly that covered the world, but the chief character is in the European settlement built in the Ugandan highlands and gets out of trouble. In addition, I described the ruin in the range that I limited more in kind of the disaster novel which is written in about 1900, and was popular, and (e.g., a volcanic eruption destroys London and Thames basin "I wake up the black smog which smoke and the fog of great disaster "〈 Grant Allen 〉, inferno are put together, and suffocates a human being of the Thames valley "The Four Day's Night "〈 Fred M white 〉) is called "comfortable ruin". Because a thing, the chief character whom a range of the ruin is limited to very much get out of trouble as for the "comfort" at a slightly safe place and see ruin, I am it.
of other end
For cold war era, atomic energy was drawn as a symbol of the absolute power, and the end thing of the type that the world reached the end was strongly supported by a nuclear war in particular [1]. ネビル・シュートの小説で映画化もされた『渚にて』（1957年）などのように、近未来の核戦争による絶滅や破滅を描いたものが多く書かれた。 一方で、破滅後の世界で、ミュータント、宇宙人、最終兵器などと戦う、冒険小説的なものも書かれた。 アンドレ・ノートンの『Star Man's Son』（別名 Daybreak 2250、1952年）は、放射能に汚染された大地で、青年がテレパシーを持つ猫の助けを借りながらミュータントたちと戦い、かつての文明の失われた知識を求めてアーサー王の聖杯探しのような旅に出る様を描く。 この小説は後の破滅ものに大きな影響を与え、ほとんど語り直しのような小説が無数に出版される原型となった。
終末もののフィクションでは、未知の疫病や人工の疫病、彗星や隕石の衝突、気候変動や環境破壊、経済破綻や暴動、宇宙人の侵略や超自然的な存在による破壊、機械やロボットの反乱、太陽の膨張、人類の種族としての絶滅など、様々な原因による終末や破滅が描かれる。破滅後を舞台にしたものでは、生存者の苦闘を描くもの、民兵や宗教組織が抑圧的な社会を築いているもの、西洋の中世程度に文明が後退した世界で破滅前の文明の遺物を巡って戦うものなどがある。また、破滅そのものよりも、迫る破滅直前の人心荒廃にテーマを置くものもある。
日本でも1960年代末から1970年代にかけ、高度経済成長と石油ショックがもたらした公害や急激な社会不安などから、終末ものフィクション（SF小説やSF漫画）、終末予言（五島勉の『ノストラダムスの大予言』など）が大流行した。1980年代から1990年代初期にかけては、冷戦の再激化や核事故（特にスリーマイル島原子力発電所事故やチェルノブイリ原子力発電所事故）などを受けて、『北斗の拳』『風の谷のナウシカ』『女神転生シリーズ』『メタルマックスシリーズ』といった、核戦争や核事故などで死に絶えた世紀末前後の世界が舞台として描かれるフィクション作品が増え、『タイムリミット』など世界の終末を示唆する歌曲も登場した。この外にも、異星人による侵略と冷戦の地球外への拡大が融合した『蒼き流星SPTレイズナー』や、人類文明の撲滅を企図する人外の呪術組織を描いた『仮面ライダーBLACK』なども登場した。
1990年代後半になると、『新世紀エヴァンゲリオン』で見られる「世界の終末」と「主人公とヒロインの狭い関係性」を直接的に結び付けるローカル事情が世界の趨勢を左右する「セカイ系」と呼ばれる作品が多数出現している。ただし、これらセカイ系作品では、世界の終末そのものより、自己への承認を求める自意識の問題が前面に押し出されている部分があり、純粋な意味での終末ものは、日本では1990年代後半以降はそれほど流行していない[2]。
脚注
関連項目
外部リンク
- Empty World - A website dedicated to apocalyptic fiction
- Post Apocalyptic Media - A website detailing all mediums involving post-apocalyptic fiction
- Sub-Genre Spotlight: Post-Apocalyptic Science Fiction - an overview of the sub-genreÒ
- Quiet Earth - A website dedicated to post apocalyptic media
- 終末論と世紀末を知るために - エンカルタ百科事典
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia End thing
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