ブラックバーンスクア
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| スクア Mk.II | ||
|---|---|---|
 | ||
| Summary | ||
| Use | Dive-bomber | |
| Crew | Two people | |
| Maiden flight | February 9, 1937 | |
| Operational start | October, 1938 | |
| Maker | Blackburn | |
| Dimensions | ||
| Full length | 10.8 m (35 ft 7 in) | |
| Overall width | 14,07 m (46 ft 2 in) | |
| Overall height | 3,81 m (14 ft 2 in) | |
| Wing area | 28,98 m2 (312ft2) | |
| Weight | ||
| Body weight | 2,490kg (5,490 lb) | |
| Maximum takeoff weight | 3,732kg (8,228 lb) | |
| Loading | 128 kg/m2 of (26.4lb/ft2) | |
| Engine | ||
| Engine | Bristol soft-headed Shoo's XII one | |
| Horsepower | 890hp | |
| Flight performance | ||
| The maximum speed | At an altitude of 1,980m 363km/h (225m/h) | |
| Sea surface speed | A maximum of 326.4km/h (204m/h) | |
| Cruising speed | 266km/h (4,570m) | |
| Flying range | 1.223 km (760miles) | |
| Limit altitude | 6,160m | |
| Armament | ||
| Fixed armament | Four 7.7mm Browning automatic pistol fixation-type front machine guns One 7.7mm Lewis turning-type backward shooting machine gun | |
| Bomb | It is one 227kg bomb under the body It is eight 14kg bombs (for the training) under a wing | |
ブラックバーンスクア (British: Blackburn Skua.the will of the jaeger) is the U.K., a single-engine reciprocating double seats carrier-borne bomber of the products made in Blackburn Corporation. It is a dive-bomber first for British navy carrier-based plane and is the body which draws it again, and adopted a leg and a variable-pitch propeller for British navy carrier-based plane for the first time. In addition, I am written as スキュア, but the original pronunciation is near スクア.
スクア is the body which recorded the first shooting down of the enemy plane in British troops of World War II. スクア carried in British carrier arc royal on September 26, 1939 shot down Do 18, and, by these military gains and later use, the recognition of the coming ages called "a fighter" spreads out in スクア, but, actually, this is a mistake. スクア had the performance as the fighter, but this is additional to the last, and the essence of our plane is surely "a dive-bomber". These illustrate by an evaluation to mention later in detail.
Table of contents
Summary
The British Air Ministry published specifications O.27/34 based on a naval request in 1934 and ordered a carrier-based plane based on this from the plane company. It was a dive-bomber that specifications O.27/34 demanded, but the contents were extremely half-done, and it was included in a demand what I doubled and in a priority at first same with a double seats fighter. It is the same as serving as a spy plane for a British carrier plane to serve as a double seats fighter. The carrier-based airplane which could digest early story, all except the falling of a thunderbolt was bought. Because the priority of the navy airplane in the British plane production schedule at the time was deferment most, and what it moved to the production to produce many models experimentally was not able to anticipate this even if I could consider that I was selfish with having no fixed principles, the naval new machine at this point in time couldn't but do it in the multipurpose plane which could do anything. The body produced experimentally according to a similar policy had fairy IIIF which was Osprey of the having taken up the post formerly, the having taken up the post formerly, and I changed it to the horizontal bombing duty with the middle bomblet which these models had in the case of スクア, and dive-bombing was required. In response to this, Blackburn designed the plane called the name B-24 in the company. Avoro, Hawker, Boulton pole, Vickers participated in these specifications as a competing partner, but Blackburn got the ordering of two models in April, 1935.
A first model machine (K5178) flew on February 9, 1937, and this body was invested in an evaluation examination of October of the year. It was difficult to meet tips all round-style demand performance, but I let you match the technique formation of Blackburn at a high level and succeeded in giving you superior swoop operation performance and air battle mobility of the degree that it might be said that it was not bad. In addition, the British navy places an order for 190 six months when this model machine flies ago.
A model machine of the second plane (K5179) flew on May 4, 1938, and the first mass-produced airplanes which I added flew some alteration from a model machine on August 28, 1938 three months later. As for the production of our planes, a subcontractor performed some work to raise production efficiency. In addition, it took it until production for full two years after the British navy placed an order, but this was because ordering was early strangely (even if I leave out that it is a risky bomber), and development was not late. It is a cause for the U.K. to have included a lot of first techniques.
Mercury IX engine (840hp) made in Bristol Cars Partnership was going to be used for an engine of スクア (this was put on a model machine). However, par Shoo XII engine (890hp) made in the company will be equipped with because it was decided this engine moves slightly (the body of the engine manufacturer), and to be taken first priority by a nim bomber. However, it is said that this engine had more difficult points than Mercury.
In スクア, deployment was started in October, 1938 in substitution for a nim rod (wings of a biplane fighter: single seat) made in Hawker Corporation and Osprey (wings of a biplane battle spy plane: double seats). It was the 800th squadron and the 803rd squadron to have been located, and all were 艦載部隊 of arc royal first. Then, I updated the 801st squadron of carrier フューリアス in this. スクア was received in the 806th squadron right before World War II broke out and delivered approximately 150 planes which were most of the ordering to until the outbreak of war. I delivered almost all to the end in 1939.
スクア of the 800th squadron which was 艦載部隊 of arc royal struck German submarine U-30 on September 14, 1939. On September 26, the same year, スクア of the 803rd squadron of arc royal 艦載部隊 shoots down Do18 flying boat in the same way. This is considered to be German military plane first shooting down of British troops in World War II. The beginning of outbreak of war did not readily come at an opportunity to perform an original duty until a lot of actions as the fighter entered mainly in 1940.
In the first place a dive-bombing sighting device had not been put to practical use before the war in the スクア equipment corps, and the training of the dive-bombing was not the thing which was effective because of too much a performed thing for the time being. It was to already enter the fruit ahead of a retirement in 1941 that a dive-bombing sighting device was comprised and, using till then normal gunsight, I relied in experience and the perception of the crew and carried it out by force.
It is caused by this that all of bombing operation using スクア aimed at a hostile craft anchoring in the harbor. Because I was not able to revise 照準後落量 depending on the plot of the descent origin (called the X point) and the speed of the hostile craft because there was not a dive-bombing sighting device, a pilot memorized a land mark as an X point and zeroed 照準後落量 by aiming at a standstill aim and was able to expect a finally practical hit rate by squeezing descending correction operation to a minimum. In addition, the procurement of 500lb 半徹甲爆弾 hardly advanced until a Great War outbreak, and there was not the bomb which was usable for an anti-warship attack during 1939.
16 スクア carried out dive-bombing in light cruiser Konigsberg of the Germany navy which was coming alongside the pier in the quay to repair the damage by the war with the land battery temporarily in Bergen Port located in the southwestern part of Norway on April 10, 1940 and attacked and sank this. These military gains move to the 800th, 803 flying corps of arc royal 艦載 (but the sortie is not from arc royal and is from the hat stone base in Orkney Islands). Although throwing down, 接敵高度 did not maintain the same about this attack because ability of the crew, establishment of the tactics were not enough, I counted three direct hits, near hit three among 16 throw bullets and arrested our quay where it was moored at five where I came off, and the hit precision was high. In addition, this is the first example that large water battleship was attacked and sunk by the bomb from a plane despite bombing to standstill target.
スクア of the 801st squadron participates in the Battle of performed Dunkerque as a fighter at the end of May. In addition, I struck German battle cruiser シャルンホルスト where Tron Haym had the 800th squadron on June 13, but eight of 15 sorties were lost without succeeding like Bergen at this time, and, only as for one dead shot, it was misfire, too.
The 800th squadron and the 803rd squadron attacked battleship Richelieu for Dakar offing sea fight carried out in fight in one place after another, September, 1940 as an arc royal carrier-based plane afterwards on participation, 24th (but there is not the dead shot, and and only a near hit loses three for exchange).
It was スクア which fought hard to a German partner from the beginning of fight, but there was the performance lack in 1940, and a change already began and the fighter duty put the bombing duty on the full mer fighter made in fairy Corporation between the number and moved to アヴェンジャー (tarpon) torpedo bomber made in the barracuda bomber which similarly was made in fairy Corporation and the United States. It is said to the actual fighting participation in the front line of スクア that February 9, 1941 is the last. I was used as a target towing machine and a training machine and completely disappeared afterwards in March, 1945.
The number of the total production is 190 ordering and 192 planes of two models. In addition, from process of the above-mentioned engine exchange, I do a par Shoo-based thing with a Mercury-based thing with MkII as スクア Mk.I. However, Mk.I is not really produced, and 190 planes which are an ordering machine are all Mk.II. In addition, Locke develops it as a スクア-based fighter and is fully deployed.
Evaluation
I am given evaluations called "an old fighter" in a book evaluating this body well. However, this body is "a dive-bomber" to the last as mentioned before. In other words, because originally it is not a complete fighter, it is the problem before the old type and has a problem very much to compare it with fighter and Germany fighter Bf109 in 0 sets of warships. It is 99 sets of carrier-borne bombers and Dawn Torres and body which should be compared. It has a problem a little in fact to compare even if it is really these bodies. スクア is because I perform a design partial to fighter performance more than the dive-bomber of other countries.
But it is that the point that is the most different from a fighter-bomber becoming the leading role later is a bomber base. As for the postwar fighter-bomber, strike fighter, a bombing duty is additional, but, in the case of スクア, a battle duty is additional. This difference was big and was connected directly with the overwhelming disadvantage in the anti-fighter war in the actual fighting.
In addition, four front machine guns which it was attached to to act as the fighter are superabundant for a bomber clearly, and it is reliable to wake up a speed drop (but still it is approximately lighter more than 300 kg than デバステーター having the engine of the horsepower). Therefore I cut down on the performance as the bomber that it should be a main occupation to have the performance as the fighter and cannot deny the feeling half-done both for performance. In addition, 7.7mm2 risks its life, and, about the front machine gun, 99 sets of carrier-borne bombers have Dawn Torres of 12.7mm2 in risking the life, but the speed is faster approximately 60km/h than スクア because an engine horsepower is all bigger approximately 400-500HP than スクア. Placement on duty is slower both than スクア, and the improvement of the engine technology of the meantime is remarkable, and a place stopping at the increase of the horsepower is big in fact. スクア continued being used in a front until early 1941 without it was the body equal to 97 sets or 98 sets and the serious improvement being added if I said in a Japanese style.
Evaluation called the old fighter
There are several スクア carrier-borne bombers in the cause that has been added the evaluation called "an old fighter" to, but the evaluation is not right because it is not a pure fighter like the aforesaid. Rather you should comment that you played an active part for an air control duty for a carrier-borne bomber well.
The tendency can grasp this conspicuously when I see a carrier-based plane of arc royal that is the スクア use warship which played an active part most. The carrier-based plane of arc royal becomes 48 swordfish torpedo bombers and スクア 12~24 machine. In other words, so-called fighter is not equipped with. This will have a big place where I depended on fighter performance of スクア (if it was really an "anti-bomber" "pair wings of a biplane fighter", スクア had enough fighter ability). However, the damage was very heavy, and land fighters such as Bf109 and スクア which fought were shown weakness. This is tragedy for スクア which is originally a carrier-borne bomber to have had to perform the British naval anti-fighter duty that does not hold a fighter in a modern warship.
This was because real power was held all by the air force, and the air force could not afford to deploy a modern plane in the navy because I hurried the modernization of the equipment, and naval plane deployment in the U.K. relied in the navy at a multipurpose opportunity such as スクア, or the cause that had fallen into such a situation couldn't but deploy the old type machine that there was little demand even in the air force. In addition, I was negative against riding a fighter reducing a bomber, the number of torpedo bombers because carrier in itself was small.
In addition, most were the exchange with the wings of a biplane fighter such as Hawker nim rod and the Hawker Osprey, but because speed is awfully (as for the deployment of the nim rod 1931) later than スクア, as for the fighter, obsolescence is hard to say to an interception duty in a British warship to be usable and it is a monoplane than such a body and is 優速, and it is thought that スクア which again some fighter performance had was it in a wish, and, in the flying corps updated in スクア, it cannot be said that a fighter duty was deployed as a main purpose.
スクア is first めてづくしの body for the British navy. It was the first dive-bomber and was a first gaining over leg deployment machine and was a first variable-pitch propeller adoption machine. Therefore it was important page 1 in the history of British navy, and the distinguished military service was the leading role in the U.K. navy fleet flying corps (FAA) in the war early days with swordfish if I thought about an activity period and a production number of planes again without it having possibilities to be said that it was poor at all.
Allied item
- Plane - Bomber - List of bombers
- List of Air Ministry Specifications (English version Wikipedia)
Outside link
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia ブラックバーンスクア
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