Bangalore
 | A letter (Indian letter) of ブラーフミー origin is included in this item. The position of the vowel sound sign is disturbed, and a combination letter is divided even if I install a font depending on environment (). |
| Bangalore ಬ ೆಂಗಳೂರು Bangalore | |
 | |
| | |
| Land surveying system: 12°58'12" N 77°33'36" E / 12.97000 degrees N 77.56000 degrees E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Karnataka |
| Administrative section | Bangalore city prefecture () |
| Commissioner | Dr. S. Subramanya |
| Population • Density • Urban area | 8,425,970 [1] (as of 2011) • 11371/km2 • 8,499,399[2] |
| Standard time | IST (UTC +5:30) |
| Area • The height above the sea level | 741 km2 • 920m |
Bangalore (English: Bangalore, Kannada :ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ベンガルール, Bengaluru) is a state capital of southern part, Karnataka, India. Southern Asia eminent world city.
Is located on the south of the Deccan Plateau, Mysore plateau in southwestern Karnataka; altitude is 920m. The city limits population reaches 8,420,000 (2011) and is the third population of India [1]. It is 10,160,000 people, and the urban area population of 2016 forms a metropolis of the country fourth place [3].
Table of contents
Summary
It was about 900 in the Christian era that the name of Bangalore came up for a history, but inhabitants were in state that there was few it in those days. In 1537, the feudal lord of the subordinates of the Vijayanagar kingdom, the Kempe ガウダ first (Kempe Gowda I) built the city castle in mud, and it designed the city that the record as the city was seen, and became a plan city as a local city of the Vijayanagar kingdom; thereafter is with a saw. It became a part of the Mysore kingdom later and prospered later as a capital.
After the Indian Empire founding of a country by the U.K., Bangalore became the center of the colonial rule of south India. When Shinshigai for rule, Bangalore カントンメント (barracks) were established, a Tamil, a person from テルグ, a worker of other north India flowed in for the construction of カントンメント and the urban infrastructure from other districts.
Because there is the climate of Bangalore on the plateau, is calm, and call it coolly with "an Indian garden city" (garden city) in comparison with a city other than India;, according to the people of other districts, big; become attractive. After India became independent in 1947, state heavy industries, aviation, space industry, factory group of the defense industry were put in Bangalore. Furthermore, as for the establishment and the success of the high-tech industry in Bangalore after the economic liberalization in India, it was for a driving force to bring up info-com industry (IT industry) of India. Bangalore comes to occupy 35% of software export of 2004 in India so as to be called "Silicon Valley of India". I am known as the location of university group and the research institute group proud of high education level and boast of literacy rate of the domestic second place, but, as is often the case with the cities becoming gigantic of developing countries, Bangalore fights with the problems of air pollution, a traffic jam, a crime, the slum, too. In addition, a business trip resident office was established next to Delhi in January, 2008 because there were many Japanese residents abroad.
On December 11, 2005, the Karnataka state government showed a policy to change its name in "ベンガルール" (Bengalūru) which adjusted the name of the city to a name by the Kannada. The new name took effect on November 1, 2006, but permission from the Indian Department of the Interior was late, and changing name to "ベンガルール" was authorized in conjunction with a city of other Karnataka on November 1, 2014 [4].
Geography
Bangalore is located in southwest, Karnataka of south India and is located in the center of the Mysore plateau making a part of the Deccan Plateau. The average of the height above the sea level is located at 920m, 12°58'N, 77°34'E. There are few earthquakes to be on the stable earth crust.
The area of the city is 2,190 square kilometers. The Bangalore urban area consists of three talc (in a jurisdiction in between taluk, a prefecture and a village, I have finance and administrative constant authority and am usually translated with counties). It is Bangalore north, Bangalore south, three of アネカル. The north is flat, and, as for the south, a lot of valley and hills are full of ups and downs a little. The topography of the city is flat in the whole except that one ridge goes midmost. Soil of the quality of red laterite and clay is important, and there are many trees of deciduous tree and coconut in the soil.
The big river did not flow, and, in the case of Bangalore construction, the Kempe ガウダ first prepared many lakes into the neighborhood for drinking water. In the early 20th century, Mysore feudal clan kingdom prime minister ミールザー Ismail made a reservoir in the suburbs and pulled water supply and coped with the growth of the city. The Bangalore citizen depends on many dams for drinking water, but the shortage of water becomes serious now when it is summer every year.
According to the air pollution investigation, the air pollution of the crowded place of the traffic is divided into "it is serious" by "severeness", but, in comparison with アフマダーバード, Delhi, a severely polluted town such as Kolkata, Bangalore and Mumbai are done with moderate pollution.
There is a naan D hill more than 1,300m above see level when I go to 60km to the north and is famous as a summer resort.
Climate
Bangalore is the savanna climate that rainy season and the dry season become clear (division into climatic zones Aw of Koeppen). Because high altitude includes it, an unpleasant heat wave occasionally produces Bangalore in summer, but can usually enjoy calmer climates through one year [5]. Mean minimum temperature is December of 15.4 degrees Celsius in the coldest month, and the mean highest temperature is April of 32.8 degrees Celsius in the hottest month [6]. As for the highest temperature that Bangalore recorded so far, minimum temperature is 7.8 degrees Celsius at 38.9 degrees Celsius (March, 1931) (January, 1884); [7] [8]. The winter temperature hardly falls below 12 degrees Celsius. More than 34–35 ° C hardly exceed the summer temperature. I observe rainfall under the influence of both northeast and southwestern monsoon in Bangalore. Therefore the month with much precipitation is August in September and October [6]. The summer heat is relaxed by a thunderstorm falling considerably frequently. The thunderstorm may occasionally cause a blackout and a local flood. The best of the precipitation is 179mm that I recorded on October 1, 1997 for 24 hours [9].
| Climate of Bangalore | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Year |
| Mean highest temperature ° C (° F) | 26.7 (80.1) | 29.3 (84.7) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.8 (91) | 31.3 (88.3) | 28.7 (83.7) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.1 (80.8) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.5 (81.5) | 26.4 (79.5) | 25.6 (78.1) | 28.56 (83.41) |
| Mean minimum temperature ° C (° F) | 15.8 (60.4) | 16.3 (61.3) | 18.9 (66) | 21.0 (69.8) | 20.7 (69.3) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.0 (66.2) | 18.8 (65.8) | 18.5 (65.3) | 18.2 (64.8) | 17.5 (63.5) | 15.4 (59.7) | 18.30 (64.94) |
| Precipitation mm (inch) | 2.7 (0.106) | 7.2 (0.283) | 4.4 (0.173) | 46.3 (1.823) | 119.6 (4.709) | 80.6 (3.173) | 110.2 (4.339) | 137.0 (5.394) | 194.8 (7.669) | 180.4 (7.102) | 64.5 (2.539) | 22.1 (0.87) | 969.8 (38.18) |
| The mean rain days | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 10.0 | 9.3 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 1.7 | 59.8 |
| The mean monthly daylight hours | 263.5 | 248.6 | 272.8 | 258.0 | 241.8 | 138.0 | 111.6 | 114.7 | 144.0 | 173.6 | 189.0 | 211.8 | 2,367.4 |
| Source 1 WMO [10]: | |||||||||||||
| Source 2 HKO (sun only, 1971–1990)[11]: | |||||||||||||
History
Origin of the name
"Bangalore" is the name made English of city name "ベンガルール" of the Kannada. It is seen in the epitaph of the monument praising a hero called west Gunga "vīra gallu" (the ವೀರಗಲ್ಲು, "stone of the hero") where () built it in the morning in the ninth century that the name of ベンガルール emerges for a record. Of these, in the ground where had the fight for 890 years, was in west Gunga morning until 1004, and, according to the epitaph found in the suburbs of ベグル (Begur), this area was called "a street of the defense" by ベンガヴァル Ulu (Bengaval-uru), old Kannada [12]; [13].
However, it becomes like this by the known place name narration more widely. The King バッラーラ second (I met the throne until Veera Ballala II, 1173 through 1220) of the ホイサラ morning of south India lost its way in the middle of hunting in a forest, and me was helped in the place where I starved and was exhausted by a poor old woman, and the bean which I boiled was served. The King who thanked named Benda カアル Ulu (benda-kaal-uru,ಬೆಂದಕಾಳೂರು) who meant "the-cho of the bean which boiled" in this ground, and it was this later in "ベンガルール" [14]; [15].
Construction of the town
The chola dynasty who came from Tamil Nadu ruled this ground from 1015 through 1116 and was ruled afterwards in the ホイサラ morning when I came into existence in Mysore.
The town of Bangalore of modern times begins in the castle wall city (Pete, ペイテイ) of the mud which the suzerain of the Vijayanagar kingdom, the Kempe ガウダ first built in 1537. He called this town "gandubhūmi" which meant "the town of the hero" at first [15]. Knew this city in two districts, and two main streets were the plan cities that intersected. The successor Kempe ガウダ second constructed four towers to fix a border of Bangalore for [16]. This town was called "Devarāyanagara" or "Kalyānapura" (town of the good omen) for Vijayanagar Era.
When ヴィジャナガル kingdom collapsed, Bangalore caught the invasion of muller terkingdom followed by Mogul Empire. Because emperor アウラングゼーブ of Mogul Empire made the ruler of the Mysore kingdom in 1687 and lent Bangalore to King of オデヤ dynasty (Wodeyar), チッカ デーヴァ raja for 300,000 rupees, this ground was put under the control of Mysore [17]. General high dull Alley of the Mysore military took sovereignty away from the Krishna rajahship second. Yes, dull Alley became the virtual ruler of the Mysore kingdom, and the ティプー sultanship called "a tiger of Mysore" succeeded it in sons after the death and I built a palace in Bangalore and in this way maintained it.
Rule in the U.K.
When ティプー sultanship would have slaying death in the fourth U.K. Mysore war of 1799, Bangalore was governed by the U.K. East India Company once. Although I returned a castle wall city to Mysore, I built the new city (カントンメント) on the side, and the British possessed the judicial power. When U.K. territory India spreads, Bangalore will be included in the Madras district (Madras Presidency). The Mysore kingdom moved the capital in Bangalore from ancient city Mysore in 1831 [18]. Furthermore, the railroad opening to traffic with Madras (Chennai) of 1864, the telephone opening to traffic accelerated city expansion.
In the 19th century, Bangalore presented the shape of the twins city. The perception Nada person who spoke Kannada lived in the castle wall city, and a British and a Tamil lived in カントンメント [19]. Bubonic plague was all the rage in 1898, and the inhabitants decreased sharply, and a request of relief and the doctor dispatch with the phone line barely saved a city. In 1906, Bangalore became the town where electricity spread for the first time in India by the construction of the hydroelectric power station. In 1927, various events were carried out in commemoration of reign 25 years of the King of feudal clan Krishna rajahship fourth, but at this chance Bangalore will have another name of "the Indian garden city" because a park was built along with hospitals.
Bangalore after the independence
After independence of 1947, the range of the Mysore kingdom became the Mysore state, and Bangalore became the state capital. Business to reorganize a state according to a language began in 1956, and the Mysore state was reorganized by form to standardize a Kannada area and was changed the name to Karnataka in 1973. At the time of the Mysore state establishment, the education spread to people who spoke Kannada and finding employment to the public institution were pushed forward and the population inflow from the Kannada area began in the late 1940s and enlarged the city more. It was in the big city of a population of 1,200,000 people and the Indian sixth place in 1961 [16], and the population increased by the factory establishment of a car company and the plane company more.
A real estate boom was caused from 1980s through 1990s in Bangalore, and investment centered from the whole country, and the bungalow of the colonial style changed a figure into a high-rise apartment in succession. In addition, the advances of a bank and the multinational enterprise including the fast food occurred successively, too. The inflow and the redevelopment of capital, population, the culture from such an inside and outside the country caused an identity crisis of the local language and culture. Woman group others woke up an opposition movement in the Miss World contest final open in 1996 in Bangalore and developed for a riot, and a store of Kentucky Fried Chicken was attacked in the same year by the farmer group, and objection to Western culture occurred successively. The city government pushed forward a stadium and high-quality condominium construction in correspondence with the globalization of the city, but it follows that this isolates destruction and them of the poor local house and community in the poorer residential area of the suburbs. In addition, the dotcom bubble, the information technology boom from the end of 1990s increased the software industrial employment, but other industrial employment rather decreases. In the early 2000s, India's first ゲーテッドコミュニティ aiming at a difference of the poverty and wealth and improvement of the inferior house environment consisting of the incomplete infrastructure maintenance appeared [20].
Population composition
City limits, an urban area are approximately 8,500,000 and the India third place, the world 27th place more than 8 million together, and the rate of population growth outruns Delhi with approximately 3.9% with 46.68%, yearly average in ten years from 2001 through 2011, and, in an investigation of 2011, the population of Bangalore is force of the top in India major cities. The Bangalore kid is called Bangaloreans or Bangalorites. A Kannada speaker occupies 38%, but there are many other Tamil Nadu, Kerala, people from south India states including Andhra Pradesh, too. Kannada is an official language, but can communicate in Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, too. English is common language among the white-collars.
In the national census of 2001, Hinduism mischief 79.37%, a Muslim are values near 13.37% and approximately national religion constitution. In addition, a Christian is 5.79%, and, as for the Jain, 1.05% and these have more ratios than other cities. The ratio of the woman is 47.5% of the population, and literacy rate is 83% and high national second place next to Mumbai.
A ratio of bhangi out of the caste is 14.3% of the city. 6% a few as for the agriculturalist. 10% of inhabitants live in the slum, but this is the ratio that is lower than a city other than developing countries.
Economic
The huge economy of Bangalore pushes up the city to one of the economic center of India. In an investigation of 2001, Bangalore accepted direct overseas investing of 3,700 million dollars and became the Indian third place. It is big that far-sighted politicians of the ミールザー Ismail (Mirza Ismail) who was Prime Minister of Mysore feudal clan kingdom in this in the 1940s hometown maintained a base of the manufacturing industry.
There is not the huge financial combine, but the head office location of the war industry is in Bangalore among other things a state heavy industries company unlike north India. For example, a munition company and the research facility of the armed forces on behalf of ヒンドスターン plane (HAL, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, the India's biggest warplane maker), バーラト heavy electric machinery (I develop BHEL, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, the military precision instrument), バーラト public works machine (I develop BEML, Bharat Earth Movers Limited, the tank), ヒンドスターン machine tool (HMT, Hindustan Machine Tools), India such as national Aerospace Laboratory (National Aerospace Laboratories) were located in Bangalore intensively. In 1972, an Indian space research engine (ISRO, Indian Space Research Organisation) was established in cause Bangalore of the ministry of space. It was the factor that Bangalore played a key role of the IT industry that the venture company which the talented person who left industry such as these military demand and aerospace being eager in information technology, the thing that an excellent higher education system concentrated on as I mentioned it later again, these universities, and lasted for the United States, and played an active part in Silicon Valley came back to the native land, and kept a superior brain alive, and could work was established in this ground (Wipro (Wipro which became, for example, the soft company of the Indian third place, 1980 foundation) similarly in info cis technology (Infosys, 1981 of the India second place foundation)).
In 1984, the Indian government announces the computer industry kind treatment plan including the duty kind treatment of the software import necessary for software making. I authorized the private tech setting. Software industry steps forward an American main precision instrument one after another in Bangalore including Texas Instruments from the late 1980s. The Indian government, state government used a wave of the economic liberalization at the same time and took industrial area creation and the drastic IT promotion plan larger-scale than deregulation, the 1990s for information, software industry and the talented person including the kind treatment of the tax for the advance company.
In the south India cities which the IT industry accumulates, Bangalore carries out the greatest contribution for Indian software export in this way to be called "Silicon Valley of India". There are three perfect main industrial areas of the preferential treatment that IT companies begin in the suburbs of Bangalore. It is India software technology park (STPI, Software Technology Parks of India, Bangalore), an international technology park (ITPL, International Technology Park Ltd.), an electronics city (Electronics City). これらの工業団地には整備された道路、優れた情報インフラ、外国人向けの立派な住宅や安心できるサービス業まで揃っている。
エレクトロニクス・シティにはインフォシス、ウィプロといった地元IT企業が本社を置くほか外資系IT企業が進出しているが、バンガロール市街地とエレクトロニクス・シティを結ぶホスール・ロード（Hosur Road）はインド国内を結ぶハイウェイ・国道7号も兼ねているためか、自家用車や長距離トラックで激しく渋滞する。バンガロールのIT産業のトップたちは都市基盤の整備を求めているが、カルナータカ州の農民票に支えられた伝統的で官僚的な政府とはいつも対立している。
バイオテクノロジーもバンガロールの新しい成長分野である。インドの240以上あるバイオテクノロジー企業のうち、100ほどがバンガロールに本社を置いている。そのうち、バイオコン（Biocon）はインドのバイオ産業をリードしており、世界でも20位以内に入る企業である。
また、バンガロール証券取引所は南インド最大の取引所である。
日本とのつながりとしては、日本の本田技研工業の子会社であるホンダ・モーターサイクル・アンド・スクーター・インディアがリージョナルオフィスを構えており、2013年稼働予定で自動二輪車の組み立て工場（インド国内の第三工場、年間生産台数120万台予定）を建設中[21]。
教育
バンガロールの中等学校は州政府立と私立があるが、私立学校はふつう授業に英語を使っている。中等学校を卒業すると、学生は芸術、商業、技術の種類のあるジュニア・カレッジ（プレ・ユニバーシティともいう）に進学する。課程を修了すると、学生は一般大学や専門大学に進む。
エンジニアとして、政治家として高名だったマイソール王国首相（1912年 - 1919年）、モークシャグンダム・ヴィシュヴェーシュヴァライヤ（Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya）はバンガロールの教育を発展させるのに重要な役割を果たした。農業科学大学は彼の指導の下、職業訓練のための学校として開校した。彼はまた、1909年にバンガロールに設立されたインド理科大学院（Indian Institute of Science）設立にも深くかかわっている。
バンガロールはその他インド全国に名を知られた大学所在地であり、たとえばインド経営大学院バンガロール校（IIM-B、Indian Institute of Management Bangalore）、インド国立法科大学（National Law School of India University）、バンガロール薬科大学（Bangalore Medical College）などである。セント・ジョン医科大学（St. John's Medical College）、バンガロール医科大学（Bangalore Medical College）はインドの10大医科大にいつも名を連ねている。
バンガロールのIT産業の求人は、この都市の数多い技術系大学の人材の中から選ばれているのである。
交通
空港
バンガロールの空港は2008年5月11日に開港したベンガルール国際空港である。インドの経済自由化によりインド各地に国内航空会社が誕生し、低価格で売る格安航空会社も数多くバンガロールに就航している。バンガロールにハブを置くエア・デカンはバンガロールからの発着数が一番多い会社である。
以前は、HAL バンガロール空港を利用しており、インドでも4番目に便数の多い国際・国内空港であった。HAL バンガロール空港はインド空港公社が運営するインド国内の他の都市の空港と違い、準国有企業のヒンドスタン航空機会社 (HAL) が所有・管理する空港で、バンガロールの表玄関という民間の空港の機能と、インド空軍の戦闘機の製造・試験拠点という機能が共存していた。
増大する航空需要にもかかわらず、既得権を持つ企業と軍が民間機の増便に抵抗し、HAL社とカルナータカ州政府の間で議論が長引いていた。1991年、バンガロール新国際空港計画案が誕生したが、計画は官僚手続きや関係する会社や州との争いで長引いた。2億8800万ドルの空港予算は2004年ついに承認され、欧米企業などの参入のもと2005年から建設が始まった。2008年5月、ベンガルール国際空港として開港した。日本からの直行便はないため、成田国際空港・関西国際空港などからニューデリーかムンバイ、もしくはバンコク・シンガポール・クアラルンプール・香港等のいずれかの国際空港で乗り継ぎをして当地に入るかたちになる。
鉄道
バンガロールはインド各都市と鉄道で緊密に結ばれている。ラージダーニー急行（Rajdhani Express）のうち、特急列車バンガルール・ラージダーニー急行がニューデリーとの間を結んでいる。またムンバイ、チェンナイ、コルカタ、ハイデラバード、その他カルナータカ州各地の都市とも結ばれている。
市内を結ぶ大量輸送機関としてバンガロール・メトロの整備が進んでおり、2011年10月に最初の区間が開通した。メトロとは言うものの、地下よりも高架の区間が多い鉄道で、今後も延伸・拡大される予定である。
道路
タクシー
黒と黄色の三輪オート・リクシャー（単に「オート」ともいう）はもっとも便利な市内交通手段である。メーターが着いており、3人まで乗客を乗せることができる。4人まで乗客を乗せられるタクシー（シティ・タクシー）はいくつかの会社が運営しており、オート・リキシャよりは値が高い。
バス
バンガロール大都市圏交通公社（BMTC）は3000台を超えるバスを運行し、280万人の通勤客をさばいている。州内外の都市間バスはカルナータカ州道路交通公社(KSRTC)が運行している。
文化
バンガロールはその気候、緑の豊かさ、またラール・バーグ植物園（Lal Bagh）、カボン公園（Cubbon Park）ほか多くの都市公園が整備されていることから「インドの庭園都市」として有名である。ディーパーヴァリー（ದೀಪಾವಳಿ, Deepavali）、『光の祭典』には多くの信者の列ができ、活力のある祭りである。ダサラ（ದಸರ, Dussera）はかつてのマイソール王国を特徴付ける伝統的な祭典でこれもバンガロールの重要な祭りである。
バンガロールはカンナダ語映画産業の中心で、毎年80本ほどのカンナダ語映画が作られる。カンナダ語映画のほとんどはミュージカルで、そのサウンドトラックは市内で人気を博している。カンナダ語映画の人気は新しい流行語、バンガロール・カンナダ語を生んでいる。これは若者文化から生まれたもので、英語や他のインドの言語の影響が強いカンナダ語である。
またバンガロールは食べ物や茶の屋台、インド各地の料理、ベジタリアン料理、中華や西洋料理など食も豊富であり、ベジタリアンが多い国にもかかわらずケンタッキーフライドチキンでさえも食することができる。クラブ、バー、パブが多く、若者の夜遊びの選択肢の多さもインド随一である。欧米のロックバンドがバンガロールにライブに来ることも多い。
スポーツで人気のあるのはクリケットである。バンガロールはナショナル・チームのメンバーなど、インドの多くの有名クリケット選手を生んでいる。子供たちも路上や公園でクリケット遊びに余念がない。最大のスタジアムは1974年完成のM.チンナスワミ・スタジアムである。また、エリートのためのクラブも多く、バンガロール・ゴルフ・クラブのほか、マイソール王やウィンストン・チャーチルも会員だったバンガロール・クラブがある。
姉妹都市
その他
脚注
- ^ a b "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 - Cities having population 1 lakh and above (PDF)" (英語). インド内務省. 2013年8月3日閲覧。
- ^ "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 - Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above (PDF)" (英語). インド内務省. 2013年8月3日閲覧。
- ^ 世界の都市圏人口の順位（2016年4月更新） Demographia 2016年10月29日閲覧。
- ^ ""Bangalore, Mysore, Other Karnataka Cities to be Renamed on 1 November" (2005年5月18日). 2014年10月18日閲覧。
- ^ "Rise in temperature `unusual' for Bangalore". The Hindu. (2005年5月18日) 2007年7月2日閲覧。
- ^ a b "Bangalore". India Meteorological Department, Government of India. 2007年7月8日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年2月7日閲覧。
- ^ Amaresh, Vidyashree (2006年5月10日). "Set up rain gauges in areas prone to flooding". The Hindu 2007年12月22日閲覧。
- ^ Ashwini Y.S. (2006年12月17日). "Bangalore weather back again". Deccan Herald. 2007年12月4日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年12月22日閲覧。
- ^ Sharma, Ravi (2005年11月5日). "Bangalore's woes". The Frontline. 2008年2月5日閲覧。
- ^ "Bangalore". World Meteorological Organisation. 2010年3月21日閲覧。
- ^ "Climatological information for Bangalore, India". Hong Kong Observatory. 2011年5月4日閲覧。
- ^ K. Chandramouli. "The City of Boiled Beans". The Hindu. 2006. The Hindu Group. 25 July 2002
- ^ "Inscription reveals Bangalore is over 1,000 years old". The Hindu. ḷ2006. The Hindu Group. 20 August 2004
- ^ Vijesh Kamath. "Many miles to go from Bangalore to Bengaluru". Deccan Herald. 2007年7月2日閲覧。
- ^ a b "About Bangalore - History". Department of IT and Biotechnology. 2006. Government of Karnataka.
- ^ a b Vagale, Uday Kumar. "Public Space in Bangalore: Present and Future Projections" (PDF, 773 KB) . Digital Libraries and Archives. 2006. Virginia Tech. 27 April 2004.
- ^ S. Srinivas. "The bean city". The Hindu. 2007年7月2日閲覧。
- ^ "Mysore (CAPITAL)". Encyclopedia Britannica. 1911 ed.
- ^ Public Space in Bangalore: Present and Future Projections (Chapter 8, Page 17)
- ^ 「インドのことはインド人に聞け」中島岳志著（講談社）p17
- ^ ホンダ『株主通信』2012年№154p4
外部リンク
- バンガロール・インタラクティブマップ
- バンガロール開発公社
- インド科学大学（IISc）
- Bangalore Mahanagara Palike（バンガロール市公式サイト）
- カルナータカ州観光開発公社(KSTDC) 公式サイト
- バンガロール・サイバー警察
- さまざまな政府サービスへのリンク
- 『My Own Private Bangalore』Krishnanand Kamat のフォトエッセイ
- 『Worlding the City: The Futures of Bangalore』
- Bangalore.org バンガロールの写真と一般情報
- バンガロール日本人会
- Bangalore - Open Directory Project（英語）
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Bangalore
This article is distributed by cc-by-sa or GFDL license in accordance with the provisions of Wikipedia.
In addition, Tranpedia is simply not responsible for any show is only by translating the writings of foreign licenses that are compatible with CC-BY-SA license information.
0 개의 댓글:
댓글 쓰기