Peter ヴラーンゲリ
Peter ニコラーエヴィチ ヴラーンゲリ (Russian :ПётрНиколаевичВрангель Peter ニカラーイェヴィチュ ヴラーンギェリ, August 15, 1878 (August 27) - April 25, 1928) is one of the commanders of White Army in the civil war in Russia in barons of Russian Empire. I am known as a commander-in-chief of the White Army power last. I performed a counterrevolution in Russian southern part, Ukraine, the Crimea (クルィーム) area.
Table of contents
Summary
Birth
I was born in コーヴェンスク prefecture ノヴォアレクサーンドロフスク (the suburbs of the current Zara rhinoceros) of Russian Empire territory Lithuania. In the native place of the person of ヴラーンゲリ having the family of the Barthes German, it was a noble of Russian Empire by nature.
Empire
In 1891, I work as the rank and file in the cavalry soldier regiment of the household troops (レーイブ = グヴァールヂヤ). I graduated from mine University of St. Petersburg at Rostov practical course junior high school in 1901 in 1896. From the year, I worked in the household troops cavalry soldier regiment and, in 1902, the following day, appointed it to Second Lieutenant of Horse Guards. In addition, I applied, and fight, the fourth class Saint Anna decoration were conferred on Russo-Japanese War by the second ヴェルフニェウジンスク regiment of the the Baikal Cossack forces. In 1906, I was assigned to the 55th Finland dragoon regiment and participated in the expedition to the Barthes district of the Alexander オルロフ general. I graduated from General Staff Office academy in 1910.
The World War and revolution
I will participate in World War I as a commander of the cavalry division. In October, 1915, I am appointed by the first Nerchinsk regiment commander of the the Baikal Cossack forces. In December, 1916, I participated in a battle as Usu Lee cavalry soldier division second brigadier with the army of the Usu Lee Cossack based in the Usu Lee River. In January, 1917, I was promoted to a major general and acted as acting divisional commander Usu Lee cavalry soldier.
On July 9, 1917, I became divisional commander the seventh cavalry soldier, but I was appointed on the next day by Mayor of combined cavalry soldier army corps. In September of the year, I was appointed by Mayor of third cavalry soldier army corps, but did not take office.
Voluntary army
In the case of the October Revolution that occurred in November, 1917, there was ヴラーンゲリ in Yalta of Crimea. He retired, but made up my mind to return to military duties again to save a national crisis.
I moved to クバーニ in August, 1918 and participated in the voluntary army of the counterrevolution that the General Ann tone Denikin led and cast the body for a battle with Red Army troops.
I participated as a commander of the cavalry division at first, but became the commander of the Caucasus military from January, 1919. I fought in one place after another the other day in テーレク, the southern part including Rostov of Russia and participated in a large-scale battle in ツァリーツィン.
South Russia forces
白衛義勇軍 and the united resistance organization and south Russia forces with the white Don Cossack forces where it was were founded to recover numerical inferiority of White Army on January 8, 1919, and the voluntary army became the unit, too. Including Black Sea fleet, this unified front increased a much White Army organization.
However, the disadvantage was not recovered, and the numerical inferiority of the south Russia forces became gradually decisive. I became impoverished by the battle with the ペトリューラ forces and the revolution revolt forces in Ukraine of Nestor マフノ in Ukraine, and, besides, the Reds commanded by セミョーン ブジョーンヌイ and others added to the force. The Don forces which was the main military power fell down to the Reds on November 12, and the numerical inferiority of the south Russia forces became finally decisive.
It was the commander-in-chief of the voluntary army during until January, 1920 from December, 1919. When Commander in chief アレクサーンドル Kolchak died an unnatural death in January, all Russian real power moved to General Denikin. However, Denikin did not undertake this real power transfer in front of the situation of the White Army disadvantage formally.
New national construction
ヴラーンゲリ caused opposition with Denikin over the guiding principles of the military. ヴラーンゲリ resigned from commandery and left the voluntary army of Denikin with some militaries.
From March 26, 1920 through 27th, Denikin let residual military power retreat from ノヴォロシーイスク to Crimea. On April 2, the General Denikin decided exile and transferred full power in ヴラーンゲリ. I was picked in セヴァストーポリ on April 4 by commander-in-chief of south Russia forces. On the other hand, Denikin led most of the power of the south Russia forces and took refuge in the foreign territory.
On May 11, ヴラーンゲリ changed the military to the name Russian military. ヴラーンゲリ tried new independent republican construction in this ground.
I failed in White Army getting the support of the farmer who occupied southern part Russia and most which became the sphere of influence of the population of Ukraine till then. The farmers who had been oppressed as a serf by an empire were afraid that former preparations returned by victory of White Army again. Actually, the most of the Commander White Army were imperial government groups and schemed revival of Russian Empire. In contrast, ヴラーンゲリ proposed the policy that was different from a conventional imperial government group including the land reform to distribute land between a farmer like a model and the nation which I did. I in this way hoped that recovery of the power was done with support of farmers. The Soviet Union denied the personal possession of the land which the farmer saw entirely, and the Soviet Union had regarded a farmer with hostility again, and it was thought that the conciliation to a farmer was useful for Russia of ヴラーンゲリ.
In addition, I got the approval of the デ fact from France and I planned expansion of rebuilding and the government mechanism of the military and wrestled for the economical development of the national area and tried it to overthrow a Russian communist. The first-rater of a product made in U.K. and the product made in France was introduced into armaments. In addition, I requisitioned most of the war vessel which there was at the port of Sevastopol from the south Russia forces era in White Army. These war vessels included the new star warship of some lower than battleship and many old type warships by the position warship of the former Russian Empire Navy Black Sea fleet which became the Red Army troops fleet after an Ukrainian country fleet after October Revolution.
Defeat and exile
However, the Russian forces will be made to stand for the crisis of the life and death in an instant when all power of Red Army troops is turned to Crimea by Poland Soviet Union war, end of the Ukraine Soviet Union war.
Lacked in revival to ask for defeat of the Soviet Union power in the Poland Soviet Union war, and ヴラーンゲリ charged for the north.
However, the force of Red Army troops does not decline, and the Russian military will lose half of the military power by battle with Red Army troops in north ターヴリヤ (the northern part of Crimea), Pele co-op = チョーンガル strategy. I made up my mind that ヴラーンゲリ missed remaining power in the Russian foreign territory and rebuilt preparations. ヴラーンゲリ gave freedom of choice for the citizen who came according to all commanders, soldiers and them. In other words, they followed exile of invisible ヴラーンゲリ of the destination or were approached by the choice that remained on the land as of the acceptance by occupation by the Soviet Union power.
On November 14, ヴラーンゲリ left the residual military power on a fleet. The left war vessel and plane, vehicle were destroyed. But some fleets were captured just before a start on a voyage by Red Army troops. Most of people arrested in Crimea were executed for a while afterwards by the に Reds.
The group which succeeded in the ヴラーンゲリ and others secession took refuge in Yugoslavia via Turkish chair tongue bourgeois, Bizerte of Tunisia. The fleet was requisitioned on the way in Bizerte on December 29 by the French Government. I was dismantled without being returned to Russia with the all the warships afterwards.
Exile life and death
I continued anti-Soviet Union activity and established association of Russian entire army in 1924 and organized most of the people concerned with White Army taking refuge in afterwards. Cause, they of this organization continued partisan activity for the Soviet Union.
In 1928, I died suddenly by unexpected illness in Brussels, Belgium. Suspicion is worn to the brothers of his butler who disappeared before a little of his death. Including a family, there are a lot of people believing that he was poisoned. It is believed that the brothers of the butler were spies of the Soviet Union. The funeral service was held in Serbia, and, as for the corpse of Peter ヴラーンゲリ which was an original believer, it was filled up by the Eastern Orthodox Church church graveyard of Belgrade.
"White Army" of Berlin was a magazine («Белоедело» ビェーライェ ヂェーラ), and "note" («Записки» ザピースキ) which became the reminiscences of ヴラーンゲリ in a year of the death was announced.
Evaluation
The monument which praised his achievements later was erected in Serbian スレムスキ カルロヴツィ (en) by overseas Russian Orthodox Church.
For White Army power, ヴラーンゲリ was the last charismatic leader. However, there is the feeling that his charisma was inferior to ミハイール アレクセーエフ and ラーヴル Kornilov, predecessors of Ann tone Denikin and others him. ヴラーンゲリ is a commander of the White Army last, and in late years the movement of the restoration cannot but say that the evaluation that is lower than strong Denikin and others is done because I became the commander of the defeated army. However, it was never inferior in his achievements, and it is said that the time when I held his real power was late. The activity of White Army should have been able to continue without the movement of the Denikin and others who was hostile to him more effectively and, according to a supporter of ヴラーンゲリ, should not underestimate the achievements of ヴラーンゲリ which contributed to the development of the クルィーム district. In addition, ヴラーンゲリ showed the ability in length and breadth in the organization activity after the exile, and therefore it was considered as a dangerous person from Kremlin.
Therefore, I was full of it with other White Army commanders for ヴラーンゲリ for Soviet Union Era, and only a negative low evaluation has been given. After Soviet Union collapse, his restoration is carried out while the review of the history is carried out, but the evaluation still remains low.
Allied item
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Peter ヴラーンゲリ
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