Sikkim
| Sikkim Nepalese: सिक्किम Chinese: Money of tin Tibetan འབྲས་ལྗོངས་ | |
| | |
| Land surveying system: 27°20'N 88°37'E / 27.33 degrees N 88.62 degrees E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Sikkim |
| Administrative section | 4 |
| Foundation (en) | 1975May 16 |
| State capital | Gangtok |
| The most big city | Gangtok |
| Governor | Baru Miki plastic Sade Shin |
| The prime minister | パワン Kumar Cham phosphorus |
| Population • Density | 607,688 (The 28th place) • 85/km2 |
| Official language | Nepalese、English、Sikkim word、Rep tea word、Phosphorus boo word、Newari、It is around a word、マガール word、Sherpa word、タマン word、スヌワール word |
| Standard time | IST (UTC +5:30) |
| Area | 7,096 km2 |
| ISO country code | IN-SK |
| Official site | sikkim.gov.in |
Coordinate: 27°20'N 88°37'E / 27.33 degrees N 88.62 degrees E Sikkim (Sikkim) are one of the states in northeastern India.
I transcribe it into money of tin in Chinese (kanji) and am located between Nepal and Bhutan of the Himalayas south foot. By the historic process that was Sikkim kingdom once, as for the population minimum, the area, it is in a small state to be the second smallest next to Goa among Indian 28 states.
Table of contents
History
Sikkim kingdom
A rep tea person lived in Sikkim. However, when Tibet was unified in 1642 by ガンデンポタン (the Dalai Lama Administration) which was the government which a Tibetan Buddhism ゲルク group led, a part of the Tibetan (person from のちの ブティヤ) who conformed to the same faction with the learned and virtuous priest of the Tibetan Buddhism ニンマ group opposed to the ゲルク group took refuge in the ground of Sikkim, and I supported プンツォ Nam gel, and the founding of a country did Sikkim kingdom (Nam gel morning). That because was an exiled regime of the Tibetan, Tibet assumes Sikkim a dependency, and consider Sikkim to be own dependency in the Qing dynasty which there was as a dependency in Tibet; was in a complicated situation.
A Chinese quince snatched the whole area pop, and, in 1706, Bhutanese King switched to the current place name. I invaded and attacked, and に ruled the whole area Darjeeling and a Chinese quince pop the Gurkha which came from Nepal in the late 1780s by 1788. Nepal was considered to be U.K. territory Indian Empire Era with a common enemy for U.K. and Sikkim. Suga gourd treaty was concluded, and Darjeeling and a Chinese quince succeeded in の recapture King ツグプ Nam gel of Sikkim in Gurkha war (from 1814 to 1816) that British East India Company invaded and attacked in Nepal (ゴルカ morning) pop.
On the other hand, the U.K. began to explore the trade with Tibet, and it might be said that Sikkim with the Silk Road was ideal as the way station. It checks that Russian Empire going south is going to deepen relations with Tibet; had a meaning.
When 清 of the neighboring country became the Opium War in 1840, 清, Schick war (from 1841 to 1842) was performed between Schick kingdom and Tibet that were in Ladak located the west of the neutral area in those days. However, the first Schick War (from 1845 to 1846) and the second Schick War (from 1848 to 1849) were carried out just after that between the U.K., and the Schick kingdom was ruined, and Jammu and Kashmir feudal clan kingdom was born.
In 1849, in Sikkim, cession was made to make a southern Darjeeling district the U.K. for 35,000 rupees at the time. I felt a menace, and Tibet resisted that there was a domain adjacent to the U.K. in not only the western part but also the eastern part, but British troops repulsed the Tibet forces, and it was established that I did Sikkim with a British protected country between the Qing dynasty in 1861. When the investigation into trade route via Yunnan by France was a chance in 1866, and the U.K., France known as the Yunnan problem, a dispute between China began, the main interest of the U.K. moved to the richer Yunnan area, and, as for this role that local, was demanded, it was in a summer resort of Government General of India, but it was fought by Sikkim expedition () in 1888 for the first time with the Tibet forces, and it was the preliminary skirmish of the British Tibet expedition. A Nepalese [1] emigrated as work force for tea leaves cultivation in large quantities at this time and came to lead population to exceed a person from ブティヤ.
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The national flag (from 1877 to 1914) of the Sikkim kingdom? -
The national flag (from 1914 to 1962) of the Sikkim kingdom? -
The national flag (from 1962 to 1967) of the Sikkim kingdom? -
The national flag (from 1967 to 1975) of the Sikkim kingdom?
Basic information of the Sikkim kingdom era
The basic information of the Sikkim kingdom in 1975. [2]
| Population | 194,000 people | Area | 7,107km² | Capital | Gangtok (12,000) |
| Constitution of a race | Nepalese (75%) rep tea person, person from ブティヤ | Language | Nepalese、Rep tea word、Hindi(84% of illiterate rates) | Religion | Hinduism (60%), Buddhism |
| The gross national product (GNP) | 12 million dollars | Per person national income | 60 dollars | Visa | Need |
| The king at the time | Pal den トンドゥプ Nam gel | The prime minister at the time | I.S. チョプラ | Legislation at the time | Six people of the appointment system and 18 people chosen in election, the national council of 24 people in total are in charge. |
Admission and Sikkim birth in India
When an Indian federation becomes independent in 1947, India will succeed to the position in Sikkim of the U.K. Sikkim concluded India Sikkim treaty in 1950 and became the protected country which entrusted diplomacy and defense, communication to India. In addition, based on the treaty, it was prescribed that the Sikkim kingdom pushed forward democratization, and the House of councillor (equivalent to State Council, the legislature) and the establishment of the administrative cabildo (equivalent to Executive Council, the cabinet) were decided.
However, the Sikkim kingdom government carried out allocation according to コミュナル of the councillor Diet decision seat because it was felt uneasy about in a kingdom that Nepal system held initiative when democratization realized it at the population ratio that the Nepal system where population of ブティア rep tea Tibet in support of a kingdom origin flowed into as work force for 25% occupied 75%. In other words, I distributed 6 seats between "it is Nepalese" in "ブティア rep tea system" with 6 seats among all 17 seats and did this with an election seat and established 5 seats to remain with the pro-job by the king. The political party mainly composed of Nepalese inhabitants sat on dissatisfaction in unequal election system, but India supported コミュナル election system in his reign because the eleventh king タシ Nam gel took the pro-India posture.
However, タシ Nam gel passes away in 1963, and the situation changes when Crown Prince pal den トンドゥプ Nam gel (I abbreviate it to "pal den トンドゥプ" as follows) succeeds to the throne. Pal den トンドゥプ sat on dissatisfaction in the present conditions of Sikkim placed under protection of India and supported ブティア rep tea pro-Sikkim Kuomintang (SNP) which supported the Royal Family and switched pro-India route of the タシ Nam gel King to anti-India, party line of the Sikkim independence. Therefore, India came to support the Sikkim members of the Indian National Congress (SNC, 1960 organization) of the Nepalese political party in a pro-India group. The House of councillor election system was revised several times, but the principle of the コミュナル election system did not change. And SNP puts victory to occupy 11 seats among election seat 18 seats in councillor House election in form to hit an upsurge of the anti-seal motion and disorder of step of other parties at last in 1973. However, it depended on a benefit of the コミュナル election system not to mention this victory, and a demonstration and an armed uprising occurred on a national scale because Nepalese political parties such as SNC impeached it with "rigged election". Although I survived a situation for protection of India, as a result, in pal den トンドゥプ which there was not of the power to get confusion under control, in Sikkim, India dependencies more than it before now were made to sign an agreement to strengthen making it it with political parties such as SNC (India Sikkim three persons agreement).
Sikkim legislative assembly () (election seat 30) is founded based on a triangular agreement in substitution for the House of councillor, and election will be carried out in 1974. The Nepalese political party of the pro-seal including SNC is complicated and, just after the tripartite agreement establishment, has already formed a Sikkim meeting group (SC). The simple single-member electorate system of the Indian model had been introduced as a new system and put the landslide victory that dominant SC accounted for 29 seats in population composition, and the SNP fell into 1 only seat. I established the new constitution (1974 Sikkim governance) that rudder レンドゥプ ドルジ of the ブティア rep tea system received will of India in the SC presidents who took office as the prime minister newly and largely limited king authority.
When Imperial Court bodyguards fired at the demonstrators for the pal den トンドゥプ king abdication on April 9, 1975 and were confused and were out of control, intervention, the royal palace forces were disarmed, and in Dodgers was confined to pal den トンドゥップ to let confusion converge based on a request of the in Dodgers dispatch of troops from the rudder レンドゥプ ドルジ prime minister. The legislative assembly of the next day voted for the Imperial rule abolition and admission to India unanimously, and admission to India was approved by the referendum held on 14th by a majority. The constitution reform bill which assumed Sikkim the 22nd state of India on 15th was submitted to the Indian Diet and passed both Houses on 26th. On May 16, the same year, the President authenticated a constitution reform bill, and the Sikkim kingdom was ruined here and was admitted into India as Sikkim.
Approval of the Indian sovereignty by China
The People's Republic of China Government did not recognize merger of Sikkim by India from the historic process that was a dependency of Tibet where Sikkim was a dependency of 清. Therefore, Sikkim has been described in a map published in China for a long time as an independent nation. When Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao talked together with the Indian Ataru biHarley ヴァージペーイー prime minister in 2003, it was argued about the issue of border of the two countries (China do not accept Sikkim rule of India by Tibet rule of China each India). [3]As a result, China approved Indian sovereignty in Sikkim, and Sikkim was not described in a map published in China as an independent nation. [4]The seal two countries suggested the opening about ナトゥラ mountain pass (Nathu La) and Jellet plastic mountain pass () (Jelep La) between Tibet Sikkim during 2005.
A territory and the Taiwanese Republic of China Government to insist on do not recognize Sikkim rule by India formally now in whole mainland China including Tibet either. Therefore, Sikkim may be described in a map published in Taiwan as an independent nation.
Geography
Among the Himalayas, Kanchejunga (8,586m above sea level) is the Indian highest peak, the third place of the world in an altitude of 280m or more. Most of the land are unsuitable for farming at a slope with many rocks, but there are some terraced fields. 1/3 is the forest. Rivers more than glacier of 80, 100 drift to the mountainous district except high low Nanbu whom population centers on. There are five hot springs, and a lot of sulfur is known as a spa. There is a way leading to Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal.
Four months are snowy, and the climate is covered in the northern part from the subtropical zone to the Frigid Zone in one year. Most live in the warm area that is not beyond 28 degrees C. August is a season of the monsoons from June.
Inhabitants
75% are Nepalese and are the emigrant of the British protected country era. Person from ブティヤ (Tibet system), 7% are aliens from rep tea 15%.
The Nepalese religion is the biggest religion of the state in Hinduism, but religion of a person from ブティヤ and the rep tea person is Tibetan Buddhism mainly. A rep tea person has many Christians, too.
The official language of the state was 3 languages of the Nepalese, Sikkim word, rep tea word in 1977. It was for phosphorus boo word, タマン word, rye word, Newari, マガール word, スヌワール word, sherpa word, 11 languages that added around a word in 1997 [5].
Footnote
- It was the problem like the Bhutanese of ^ Nepal ancestry, but I let I let it say, and forcible democratization succeed, and the power of a rep tea person and the ブティヤ person was lost, and a thing was about to be merged with Nepal to a number of Nepalese people at one time adversely in Sikkim, but remained in India merger by Indian intervention.
- Than Kodansha translator Shoichi Noma for ^ latest world manual 1,975 years for publication.
- ^ "June 24, 2003 a person from diplomatic service 发 Kohito living-in-记 soiree person from answer 记 问" (zh-hans). Middle 华 people's republic diplomatic service. (June 25, 2003)m February 12, 2008 reading.
- It is "each other product 调 整 (zh-hans). in ^ both living-in-边 world 问题" Country 际 point 驱导报. (April 18, 2005)m February 12, 2008 reading.
- ^ Subba, J. R (2008). History, Culture and Customs of Sikkim. Gyan Publishing House. p. 171.
Outside link
Allied item
- It was some Gurkha land - Sikkim kingdoms, but it was occupied by Bhutan, and it was occupied by the Nepalese Gurkha and obtained autonomy after I was incorporated in West Bengal after the merger in India once.
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Sikkim
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