ヌマエラビル

ヌマエラビル
Classification
界 : Animal kingdom Animalia The gate : Annelida Annelida Rope : Existence zone rope Clitellata Eyes : Rostrum leech eyes Rhynchobdellida Course : Gills building department Ozobranchidae The genus : Gills building genus Ozobranchus Kind : ヌマエラビル O. jantseanus
Scientific name
Ozobranchus jantseanus (Oka, 1912) [1]

ヌマエラビル (a marsh gills leech, a scientific name: Ozobranchus jantseanus) is a kind of the animals of the gills building department gills building genus. I am distributed over Jiangsu, Hubei of Japan and Mainland China and am parasitic on a neck and the hands and feet of the tortoise. As for the past, painful in Japanese name as China gills building [²].

Table of contents

Form

A neck and the trunk can distinguish the health clearly [³]. A characteristic big what have the tuft-formed gills of 11 pairs projecting from the side of the body. The length is 10-15mm, and the main part is gray, and a sucker and the neck are colorless. The previous sucker is small and occupies the third metamere from the first. The mouth opens before the center. 後吸盤 is big and, with a plate form, is approximately equal to width of the body. There is the anus on the back.

There is the difference of big things and small things in an annulus in the body and does one metamere in a group by one big things and small things. The gills arise from the flank and are divided into two in a base and are divided into a fine string of 4-7 form in the future. There are twin eyes near the second annulus costal center. The male and female reproduction holes are at the rear end of neck ventral, and both open only a one annulus minute apart.

Habits

I inhabit as an ectoparasite of freshwater tortoises. Two kinds of the Japanese spotted turtle and shield bug become a host in Japan. When a nationwide investigation was carried out, I inhabited for the aforementioned place and was checked the kind (I steal Minami spotted turtle dirt Mimi a terrapin), but was not discovered [⁴]. It was found that they were parasitic to steal Mississippi dirt Mimi, but the clustered eggs were not discovered in this verge afterwards [⁵].

In the example collected in Shimane, it was confirmed at first to be on the carapace, but was discovered in orbit of the head, an intraoral neck of the neighborhood of bill and the soft skin between the forepaw, the posterior forepaw in the others when it investigated it thoroughly [⁶]. Even other sightings are mainly discovered in a part of the soft skin of the bottom of the carapace other than a carapace well. In addition, it is observed that clustered eggs attach to carapaces. Because I am known to live for all life cycles on the host in the another kind of this kind, it is thought that this kind is so [⁷].

Distribution

I am distributed over China and Japan. Is discovered in Chinese Yangtze River first; the type locality Hubei Wuchang [¹]. Asajiro Oka listed it as a new kind. I am discovered in Japan and am written down in Okada other (1965) as distribution of Japan afterwards only with the Honshu central part. In the east, in the west, habitation was confirmed afterwards to Yamaguchi from Chiba, Ishikawa as a result that an investigation was carried out more widely. In addition, I was able to confirm habitation in the northern part in Shikoku, but am not discovered in Kyushu and the South-West Islands. In addition, the similar another kind is not confirmed as an ectoparasite of the freshwater tortoise [⁸].

Low temperature-resistant of the wonder

Understood that this Hill had outstanding low temperature tolerance in 2014 [⁹]; [¹⁰].

After defrosting the shield bug which I cryopreserved at -80 degrees Celsius for half a year, it was that it was found that this leech which was to the back had begun to move that led to the discovery. From this, after doing an experiment to freeze up at -90 degrees Celsius and -196 degrees Celsius about seven kinds of leeches including this leech for 24 hours, only this kind was which temperature, but there was not the thing which was able to live at -90 degrees Celsius with other kinds whereas I survived. From this, this property understands that it is very specific in this seed. When I saved it at -90 degrees Celsius, there was the thing which lived for up to 32 months, and all individuals lived until eight months. I was able to live at such low temperature about the individual just after the incubation. It has only Ramazzottius varieornatus of bear animalcules and Chymomyza costata of the fly eyes insect to be confirmed as a thing indicating such a low temperature tolerance and is only time in the latter in the former for 15 minutes at low temperature experience time by these cases, liquid nitrogen. In addition, I show this in an a kind of dormancy state called the cryptobiosis in these animals, and I produce trehalose working as a cryoprotection material on this occasion, and it is necessary to hang a given period of time, and to be in condition. だが、この種の場合、普通の状態から素早く低温にしてもこの能力を示し、トレハロース生産なども確認されていない。 この間に生理的にこのような変化をするようすもない。 また、この動物の生存している状況で、このような低温に晒される可能性は考えられず、この能力は環境への適応として持っているものではないと考えられる。

逸話

第二次大戦前の旧学校制度の下で京都大学理学部の入学試験は学科別に行われ、その中で動物学教室では人数が少ないこともあり、実物での試問が行われたことがあった。そこでこの種の標本が示されたことがあり、その分類学上の位置を答えることを求められた。宮地の筆は具体的に書いてはいないが、正解者はほぼいなかったようである。実際には標本では身体の収縮も激しく、その構造を理解するのは容易ではなかったらしい。ただ、この動物では房状の鰓が特殊化した構造としてあるが、これを無視すれば基本的構造は明らかにヒルであり、そのような基本的な体制を見抜くのが生物分類の基礎力でもある。それを試すテストであったとのことである^[11]。

出典・脚注

1. ^ ^{a b} 中国科学院动物研究所. "扬子鳃蛭". 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. 2009年4月16日閲覧。
2. ^ 岡田他(1965)、宮地(1963)はこの名を使っている。
3. ^ 以下、記載は岡田他(1965),p.569
4. ^ Yamauchi & Suzuki(2008).p.347)
5. ^ Yamauchi et al. (2012)
6. ^ 山内・伊藤(2001)p.310
7. ^ Yamauchi & Suzuki(2008).p.347)
8. ^ Yamauchi & Suzuki(2008)
9. ^ マイナス196℃にも耐えるヌマエラビル｜マイナビニュース[1]
10. ^ Suzuki et al. (2014)
11. ^ 宮地(1963)p.52-53

参考文献

• 岡田要・内田清之助・内田亭他著、『日本動物図鑑〔上〕』、(1965)、図鑑の北隆館
• 山内健生・伊藤哲也、2001. 島根県で発見されたヌマエラビル Ozobranchus jantseanus （環形動物門：ヒル綱：エラビル科）．ホシザキグリーン財団研究報告 5:309-310
• 宮地伝三郎、『淡水の動物誌』、(1963)、朝日新聞社
• Takeo Yamauchi & Dai Suzuki 2008. Geographical distribution of Ozobranchus jantseanus (Annelida: Hirudinida: Ozobranchidae) in Japan 日本におけるヌマエラビルの地理的分布. Med. Entomol. Zool. 59(4):p.345-349.
• T. Yamauchi, T. Nishibori & D. Suzuki 2012. First Report of Ozobranchus jantseanus (Hirudinida: Ozobrachidae) Parasitizing the Exotic Red-Eared Slider Trachemys scripts eleganz in Japan. Comparative Parasitokogy 79(2):p,348-349.
• D. Suzuki et al. 2014. A Leech Capable of Surviving Exposure to extremely Low Temperatures. PLOS ONE 9(1):p.1-5.

ウィキスピーシーズにヌマエラビルに関する情報があります。

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