ゼファニヤ book
"ゼファニヤ book" (ゼファニヤ しょ, Zeph. book) is one of "Old Testament" documents. I am comprised of all three chapters. It is classified "later prophets" in 12 Minor Prophets in Christianity in the Judaism. It is located to the ninth in 12 Minor Prophets before "Haggai" after one of "Habakkuk". ゼファニヤ is considered to be the writer traditionally. It was established after late seventh century to it B.C.
ゼファニヤ considered to be the writer "is King of Judah……As for "child ゼファニア, the comb of the comb, in ゲダルヤ, the child of the Amal shop, the Amal shop are said to be child (zephyr 1:1) of ヒズキヤ a child of ゲダルヤ" with an alien of ("a zephyr" and the sketchy description "new combination reason Bible" as follows at "ゼファニヤ book" 1:1) in the times of the reed shop. In addition, there is not the information about the writer in "the Bible". The comb meant Ethiopia in Hebrew, and the family of ゼファニヤ might be appearance of Ethiopia. This may be the cause that criticism to クシュ (Ethiopia) is accomplished in the text. It is thought that this book was written in the late seventh century B.C. if I believe the information called the times of the reed shop (about 609 previous from reign about B.C. 640). On the other hand, in the researcher, I suppose from contents, and there is the thing which estimates the conclusion of this book to be Babylon 捕囚以後. Furthermore, there is the researcher thinking about the possibility that the name of ゼファニヤ done with the writer was only borrowed for the purpose in the rhetoric even if it is after the extinction even if the conclusion of book is last years of Judah kingdom. After Judah kingdom extinction, the possibility that the writer borrowed the name of the prophet of the last years of kingdom is not denied logically, but, on the other hand, the evidence to do this reasoning conclusively is not found.
As main content, it is talked about the countries and the judgment of God for Judah and joy of the later help.
Table of contents
Establishment circumstances
I it at writing time
Because there is the name of the reed shop King (about 609 previous from reign about B.C. 640) if I think that I am reliable saying that the reference about the writer of the beginning part was written for other parts and same periods of this book, the establishment of the book does not sail it up before it. In addition, the writer will be a representative simultaneous with Jeremiah. Some researchers think about establishment time before the Reformation ("description of line king bottom" 23 chapters, so-called "Deuteronomy" reform) by the king reed shop from warning to Judah of "the ゼファニヤ book". This reform was carried out in B.C. 622. When Josiah is young, and "the child and others of "ゼファニヤ book" one chapter eight sections of officials and the King" suggest that regency ruled it, the researcher adopting this opinion understands it. The foreign description of two chapters reflects the situation of the sixth century B.C., too.
From here, it is reasoned as follows. Probably ゼファニヤ will belong to a generation following after the reign of prophet Isaiah and Manasseh told to be violent promptly. ゼファニヤ advised king Josiah on reform to promote Jahvism as one-god belief with Jeremiah, and the King really performed such a reform…….
Other researcher groups find relations with around B.C. 200 from the language of this book and both contents. And I estimate the completion of the book with about B.C. 200 while admitting that the immediate early conclusion of this book dates back before it.
Place of the writing
The writer of "the ゼファニヤ book" draws Jerusalem with notable detailedness. 知悉 does geography in Jerusalem and the state of the town, and the writer may think that I know it as one's experience. It can be reasoned that this book was written in Jerusalem because it is Jerusalem that the prophecy of this book is related directly most.
Purpose of the writing
For the writing purpose of "the ゼファニヤ book", two opinions are opened in connection with the estimate of the writing generation. When I adopt which opinion, as for the first purpose, it is thought that it is to warn in order to change an act to Jerusalem inhabitants of the same period of the writer (in a particularly religious meaning).
At first when I think that most of these books were established in last years of Judah kingdom, the purpose of the writer lets people of Judah bring back to Yahwism, and it is thought that it is to let you have and escape from anger of God and do it. The extinction びの accomplishment prophesied here is usually interpreted as the Jerusalem fall by the Babylon.
On the other hand, when I think that the construction of this book became the current figure after Judah kingdom extinction, the intention of the writer draws Babylon 捕囚 as punishment of God and I have and give present status warning and am supposed when to promote it not to repeat the again same disaster. It is not known whether シンクレティシズム (mixture of the religion) which "ゼファニヤ book" one chapter draws in this time became the problem in Judea.
The subject and constitution
"The ゼファニヤ book" is divided into three chapters in the Masora text. In some translation of coming ages, I may be separated by four chapters. By a chapter and verse charge account and an entry of the new combination reason, I show the constitution as follows.
| Chapter and verse | Entry |
|---|---|
| 1:1 | (the beginning) |
| From 1:2 to 2:4 | Dies Irae of the master |
| 2:1-15 | Extinction of the nation |
| 3:1-20 | A crime and compensation of Jerusalem |
Like "new sacred straw festoon associate reason revised edition" (NRSV), I may perform the division that is more careful than this, and the reader wants to be noted in each end itself being controversial again.
"The ゼファニヤ book" comprises both extinction びの prophecy and prophecy of the relief in spite of being a short book and fixes the appearance of the typical Prophets. "The ゼファニヤ book" includes the description rich most minutely of "the great day of the master" in Day of Wrath of God among "the Old Testament" and writes down this Dies Irae about a settlement and the relief with people who survived.
"All inhabitants (1:4) of top and Jerusalem of Judah" is shown as an object receiving anger of God in 12 sections from one chapter two sections and is said to be it when I approach it on "the Day of the Lord" on Dies Irae. I am shown what anger of God is from 13 sections to be concrete. "The ゼファニヤ book" is full of the quotation from other points of "the Old Testament" and the borrowing of the usage, and it is asked about the writer having got close to "the Bible". Is in particular three sections from one chapter two sections; both of an article of the creation of "the Genesis" and the article of the flood of Noah of the writer seem to be taken into consideration. (1:2) and the order of cover all things in nature declaring it that Yahweh "sweeps away from an aspect of the ground" in three sections from one chapter two sections are arranged by a turn ("Genesis" 1:20-27) that is just reverse to the Creation. In addition, in spite of the anger of the master, it resembles to it with a flood of Noah that a constant person stays.
In addition, "the ゼファニヤ book" has connection with "Deuteronomy". As for the description of the person admiring the paganism of six sections from "ゼファニヤ book" one chapter four sections, God and Israeli people are related to the article that confirmed a contract again before entering Canaan in "Deuteronomy". It is to start writing an admonition and the situation of the 叛 きとして same period, "I do not worship other God" in Moses' Ten Commandments, and not only I perform "the warning from God to estrangement and it" that are the subject of the prophecy literature public, but also the "ゼファニヤ book" writer looks back toward law and the whole Israeli history.
In addition, of course the influence in the subject, the usage from other prophecy literature is accepted, and, to "a ゼファニヤ book," an important concept is shared with other Prophets among the documents like "the Day of the Lord".
The Yahweh in "a ゼファニヤ book" is drawn as only God not God who already competes with God of other paganism. The faith that God may use a citizen of foreign country for as a tool for the punishment to one's people was extremely novel, but, for ancient orient, this idea is recognized to "a ゼファニヤ book". In addition, an idea that rule of the Yahweh extends to not only the Israeli but also all other nations emerges to "a ゼファニヤ book".
References
- Berlin, Adele. Zephaniah: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. The Anchor Bible Volume 25A. Toronto: Doubleday, 1994.
- Easton's Bible Dictionary, 1897.
- Faulhaber, M. "Sophonias (Zephaniah). " Catholic Encyclopedia. Transcribed by Thomas M. Barrett. 2003.
- Hirsch, Emil G. & Ira Maurice Price. "Zephaniah." JewishEncyclopedia.com. 2002.
- LaSor, William Sanford et al. Old Testament Survey: the Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1996.
- Sweeney, Marvin A. Zephaniah: A Commentary. Ed. Paul D. Hanson. Minneapolis, Fortress Press, 2003.
Footnote, source
Allied item
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia ゼファニヤ book
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