Hi-tech building
It is the architecture which appeared in the 1970s, and the hi-tech building takes a product, a technique produced by high technology in a building as a design. The hi-tech building was created at the last point as a result of having pushed an idea of the modernism more, to arrive at while technology suddenly developed. You should place it as the end of the modernism between birth of postmodernism, but it was impossible beginning, to demand clear drawing to finish amounting, and the distinction with the architecture became more difficult in other postmodern in the 1980s. Many themes and ideas that came out of hi-tech architecture were absorbed in a building language postmodern.
Table of contents
Background
The hi-tech building was built mainly in Europe and North America. In the war of World War II, a lot of European historic buildings were lost. They should imitate a historic element or, in the recovery process, should demand the example from new modern materials and aesthetics, or architects were pressed for decision.
It was scientific, and, in the 1970s, the technical development gave a big shock in the society. In 1969, the space development race reached by a moon landing of Neil Armstrong at the climax, and the military technology accomplished the excessive development at the same time, too. The people imagined the next future on the extension line of such a development. The surroundings of general people came to be filled with the hi-tech industrial products such as lamp, video screen, headphones and bare frame footing.
Name
It is Joan クロン which is a design journalist, a book of Susanne シュレシン, and "High Tech: The Industrial Style and Source Book for The Home" which Clarkson N Potter published in New York in 1978 is the origin of the name. I describe it what kind of approach you perform for classic industrial products - bookshelf and beaker which a designer, an architect and a resident choose this book among a catalogue using several hundred points of photographs and put in the residential space, a metal deck plate, equipment, the factory of the restaurant, the illumination of the runway of the airport, the thing such as the carpet. I put the preface of this book, and Emilio Ambase who it is an architect, and is a former curator of New York Museum of Modern Art performs positioning in the historic context of this tendency.
As this book is published and wins popularity, the decor comes to be known as "high technology", and the implication of the words will flow into the language at an increasing tempo every day with being yet vague. In 1979, the word high technology comes up in the satire comics of the magazine "the New Yorker" for the first time. For the husband who is far from "high-tech", "you are really middle-tech." a wife with ガミガミ. When magazine "エスクァイア" took it up by six times of serialization, including Macy's New York store, U.S. main retail store has begun to use high technology for decoration of the sash and furniture section. However, the biggest achievement opens in the New York City Lexington Street 64th Avenue in 1977 and will be the home outfitter which put these articles on sale, the thing of the ad hoc house wear earlier than where. This book was published in U.K., France and Japan, but, as for them, an article, the information that I put together is added to the country, the land like an edition in the United States.
Purpose
There is a disillusionment for the modernism architecture in the source of the hi-tech building more or less. As the urban development plan that Le-Corbusier idealized is realized, the city will be filled up with a monotone in a uniform building. The quality of the finish was low and lost originality because I pursued economy. The hi-tech building was going to create new aesthetic sense of values for standard modernism construction. When I discuss aesthetics of the high technology, the author uses the example, it "virtually comes out to speak ill of the parent" in "High Tech: The Industrial Style and Source Book for The Home" mentioned above, but it may be said that this humor expresses the defiance appropriately.
When the word high technology is used referring to a house and public buildings having "the appearance that is technology Cal that bolt - nut and the plumbing were bared" increasing more in the range of the building, I explain クロン and シュレイン. Centre Pompidou of Richard Rogers will be the best example. This work highlights objective one of the hi-tech buildings and pushes out a technical element proudly outside the building. The technological appearance creates the beauty of the building.
In the design of the interior decoration, I make a beaker to use for a chemical experiment a vase and tend to use old industrial products, electric appliance as household articles. This has a purpose to say to use the beauty to have of industrial products. I am planning to say, and such a tendency is connected so that originally conversion does the space that was industry, a place of the production in the residential space. A purpose to say to give everything the industrial products-like appearance is to the hi-tech building.
On the other hand, there is the purpose that it is said to refresh faith that power of the technology leads the world to the better direction to a hi-tech building. It is a remarkable tendency, but, as for this, as for these technically refined plans, most did not lead to realization for the construction plan of Kenzo Tange and others in the 1960s period of the high growth of economy. The hi-tech building aimed for arriving at industry, the industrial new beauty in form accelerated in formed new faith by the development of the technology.
Characteristic
The characteristic of the hi-tech building diverges into many branches, but all can come to a point called the emphasis of the technological element. For example, of the building is technical, and include showing a functional element in outstanding form, regular sequence, the use of the プレファブ material. A wall of the glass and a frame of the steel are seen very well, too.
The technical characteristic is expressed outside proudly, and it sometimes extends to the structure health. The most remarkable example is Centre Pompidou mentioned above, and it is the radical design that the air conditioning duct which is usually concealed by the building inside is seen from the outside. The access means to the building inside also becomes the form to show from the outside, and it is in the shape that the big tube with the escalator invites a view visitor to when to the inside.
Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking, Hong Kong head office building of Norman Foster can see the logical method of the order to adopt the style of the hi-tech building, and to design it not to lose a functional factor besides. Though technology is prominent and appears as a characteristic of the buildings, the design comes from a functional thing thoroughly. I facilitate the access to each floor, and the large open space established inside draws the function as the bank to the maximum. In addition, each element of the building is constructed in good order fantastically, and this satisfies the requirement as the bank logically, too. This is seen in the plane constitution and escalator of each floor equally.
With the hi-tech building, curtain wall and steel frame structure of the glass are used throughout. This should be called the big debt of the modernism architecture and strongly receives influence of Mies van der Rohe in particular. In Sears Tower by the design of SOM, the height of 527.3 meters was enabled by curtain wall and a steel tube pillar of the glass. Most of hi-tech buildings aimed at bold molding. This fine example is Gunter ベーニッシュ and Munich オリンピアシュタディオン by Frei Otto. Originally this structure was the airport that was not used, but it is including sports now in used space for the purpose of varying.
Connection with the postmodern
顕 わになっている structural element and the plumbing merely strip off a material covering these in a normal building in a hi-tech building and are not a thing to be exposed. If the rust is generated, the fireproof coating is necessary for an exposed steel frame to keep strength of the indispensability in the case of the fire. For an insulation and rust prevention, you must find specifications unlike the inside to let you express the facilities material such as a duct and the plumbing outside. In addition, it is certain that these cause the heat bridge outbreak, and measures are necessary. For example, the tower let the facade express a structure body like Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Building mentioned above in a century of Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo that was the work which Norman Foster dealt with in Japan, but the beautiful surface was covered with a panel. In other words, these building languages used for a hi-tech building deviate from functionalism, and they become one decoration. (in disfavor with such a decorativeness, I can consider it to be the factory fetish that in late years the movement that it is said to evaluate the structure body as the function, the beauty of the facilities material is seen in.)
In addition, in modern architecture, is finish of the concrete which is structure materials ranking with a steel frame; drive it, and the concrete is with intentional exposure of the technology called the structure body, too, and hit it, and stand on the same horizon with a hi-tech building at a point, but usually drive it, and do not call it with the hi-tech building referring to a building of the concrete. この点を見ても、ハイテク建築が理論、概念に根ざすものではなく、様式としての性質を色濃くしていることがわかる。
装飾と様式という、モダニズム建築が否定してきた二つの要素を確実に持ち合わせるハイテク建築は、すでにモダニズムの領域から踏み出し、ポストモダンの領域に入り込んでいると見られる。
ハイテク建築の実例
関連項目
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia Hi-tech building
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