2016년 11월 15일 화요일

Program picture

Program picture

With the program picture, a specific movie company rules over production, distribution, the performance single-handed in the times when I was ever said to be the heyday of the Japanese movie, and a movie company grasps a decision right in the work to show in a movie theater in a block booking, and the annual screening schedule lets you do the form shown along the schedule of the movie company and the movie which does it like that, and is shown.

Table of contents

Summary

The definition of the program picture is complicated and may delicately slip off by how to use term in the same way as B movie.

  • I place a work (picture) burying a public annual program (program) in. [1]
  • About the movie which is made to bury a planned program, it becomes the work which is ordinary for a product. [2]
  • I place a long piece work (feature) becoming center, Maine of the program in the performance that came to be used in the United States from the mid-1910s. [3]
  • I place a work made as a side dish rather than Maine under the mass production system from 1950s through 1970s in Japan. [4]

According to "the world movie size encyclopedia," one film was the longest in the United States of the movie days of creation a running time, and it was custom that constituted program (program) where I gathered several works in the performance. Several works (lengthiness of a reel of film or tape thing) came up before long, and they became the attraction of the performance and came to be called feature (feature) film. I point out that it seems to be right here in the origin. However, I state with "a feature", but, with written by Mikiro Kato "cultural history (Nakakou new book) of a movie theater and the audience" writing a form of the movie performance of the times when a nickel odeum reaches the picture palace in detail, the main volume is not used for the word "program picture".

In addition, it "is commonly used by the following explanation in Japan that development that the work which crosses a program in a double feature, the threefold system of the long piece work in the after 50s in one, Japan, and is new every week is released, and fares are replaced calls custom and the work which was made in sequence that it is and maintains a program on this occasion with a program picture" and adds it with [5] while doing it when it comes to an ordinary work as a product with "a movie small encyclopedia" in the case of Japan, and doing it when I let you do a side dish with "a world movie size encyclopedia". I chose you from plural works freely in a cinema complex and, as of 2015, could see it, but naturally it was said that I saw only the work of the specific movie company in a once specific movie theater. The Toei work showed only Toei direct management building and contract building, and both Toho and Shochiku were seen only with direct management building and contract building in the same way, and the work shown there was shown with a double feature by a unit by a unit afterwards for 2-3 weeks for one week for the heyday. Therefore, by a system to produce it in the period when a movie company put up an annual schedule and counted these movies backward from scheduled screening date and was decided, and to show, it was produced on this system and was distributed, and a movie shown in a decided schedule was called with a program picture.

In this case, the Japanese movie does not necessarily have the movie of the form placed as clear B movie like an American film, and the performance side only arrests so the side dish to the last, and a side dish may really remain in the memory of the audience, and therefore a lot of screening of the long knitting double feature may merely call all Japan movies in that time with "a program picture". In that case, it may be spoken as a different definition as follows.

Akira Kobayashi "migratory bird" is the series of the popularity star who can expect profit surely even if Ken Takakura "Abashiri land without a lot number" is not very popular like Junko Fuji "scarlet peony gambler", and, as for what pulled a Japanese movie for a long time, Kazuo Hasegawa "shape of a coin flat next arrest reserve" is to have produced other ambitious works and masterpieces with the profit Chiezo Kataoka "tattoo third-ranking official" Utaemon Ichikawa "direct feudatory of a shogun boredom man" Kanjuro Arashi "pommel horse long-nosed goblin".

History

Double feature performance began in the process when a Japanese movie developed into in the early 1950s [7]. It is because there was a strong request on the movie theater side to perform mainly. And the production company fixed the mass production system of the movie in response to the request, and the competition that the company had a movie theater as an affiliate began, and it became the union card to set a work beside a popular actor. The movie theater side prepares a popular star and demands it so that box office a week goes up it surely, and the production side will continue making it to show a work in response to it every week. This was called a block booking, and a performance form [8] to control plus or minus that I knew it in what I always distributed a movie to not playing with each work between years was Japan, and this and normal screening form was from prewar days.

Originally because I showed a movie first and ran a show, I entered the world of the movie, and there was many what started a coming-of-age ceremony for a boy of a samurai family and filmmaking, and grasped real power of the management of the movie company in duties to distribute a movie to before long in the United States. Zoo car of Paramount, Goldwin and Meyer of MGM, the Warner brothers of WB were the examples, but it was not necessarily similar progress in Japan, but it was excitement in which company forming a distribution network well after all, and being independent, and being independent, and distributing the work which I produced, and finding a movie theater. The work of Toei which merged in postwar period, and was established was the relation that Toho distributed first (as for Toyoko Eiga Co., Ltd. Era before it Daiei Motion Picture), and Toei carried out double feature performance for the expansion of the distribution network quickly and stretched out the number of the movie theaters by the blockbuster of "the Toei entertainment version" drastically and came to continue producing two new works every week from here.

On the other hand, verticality structure of production, distribution, the performance collapsed saying that a movie company mentioned the Antitrust Law in "Paramount suit" in the United States in 1948 and parted with the movie theater which the company had as an affiliate, and it was the free booking that could choose a screening work freely, and it was form to play by each movie, and B movie declined, and the movie company came to take the principle of masterpiece before long, but the movie theater side took the principle of mass production to produce a work different every week with a double feature by the block booking system which was strong adversely in Japan, and to show. This is called a program picture in Japan.

Therefore, the double feature that prepared a star in whichever in a long piece not a double feature with the B movie which the running time that the United States had was low-budget briefly, and a star did not appear became common. And even a commonplace work was interesting, and even a short piece was one week with the ambitious work and the masterpiece and the masterpiece during an all screening period even if the production number showed a new work with a double feature with 104 every week a year in Toei of the late 1950s in 52 weeks a year for the golden age of the historical drama and was the work using the new face actor of the supervision that was young even if it was "Chushingura" of the all-star cast there. [9]If I showed a masterpiece and a masterpiece with a special first-run showing exhibition as a foreign film and made a hit, I might continue road show [10] more than one year, but even Manager Akira Kurosawa work was the same in until 2-3 weeks even if the Japan movie was shown in a normal movie theater and had a long it. And there was the case which did 1 bookends screening as a trial from 1964, but the decline of the Japan movie began before long, and the Japanese program picture kept existence for a while by continuing making the work which I accepted in a stable income of the popularity series that I settled in and the time including radical description and yakuza route, the pink route.

in Japan

It was Toei by a Japanese movie from the mid-1950s through mid-60s that I mass-produced movies most strongly, and produced a large number of program pictures. I made second Toei with a circuit as 2 systems from 1960 through 1961, and Hiroshi Okawa thought in the direction that divided a historical drama route and a present age drama route, but the movie theater side called for a historical drama in second Toei, and many products would do an after all similar historical drama, and I came to be made fun with the mass production of inferior goods, and second Toei was abolished at the end of 61. It is said that it was a beginning of fall of the gorgeous Toei historical drama which was just a golden age of Toei [11].

Is the company which Toei makes rapid progress by the filmmaking that did led by a historical drama star in this time very much, and occupied the at one sweep industry leading position; at this time most of the program picture it was the making of the schedule a year that originally functioned. The plan of the historical drama movie of Toei was made in the next procedure at this time after 1,960 years ago. At first they cross an annual program schedule with an average of six a year per person in Chiezo Kataoka, Utaemon Ichikawa, Kinnosuke Nakamura, Hashizo Okawa who were a lead star at the time, Otomo willow Taro and others, and, in Toei in normal that time, New Year holidays and the tray incorporate cicada all-stars in a schedule what put up the lineup that is particularly strong [12] (Golden Week) a year during the period of four of (about Culture Day of November) in a tray, a silver week for Golden Week for New Year holidays in the week when an important point of the performance is put beforehand in an all-star cast, the week of two of the trace. And, as for "this week, as for "this week, the program of the star starring is decided on a bridge storehouse" Kinnosuke". On top of that, an annual production schedule was decided including a run-up. "Who does it?" that is a plan was put up in the rotation of the star in total "what do you not do?" [13]. The historical drama which was more than 80 of them a year was made in the Toei Kyoto studio at the time and produced a year more than 100 movies when there was second Toei. The companies were special handlings, but Toei had supervisors such as Sadatsugu Matsuda, Tomu Uchida, but the supervision works such as Akira Kurosawa of Toho, Yasujiro Ozu, Keisuke Kinoshita of Shochiku were the mass production systems led by the lead star to the last.

The making of script is the star center, too. A scenario is made so that a supporting actor must not attract attention, and the leading role attracts attention. Of the pattern same as for the natural contents is repeated. However, even the movie of "the usual pattern" made a hit. "I am formulated and become the mannerism, but it was extremely this kind of movie that the vision of the strong order that it is never out of order is established, and it is the most stable, and made a profit in the golden age of the Japan movie", and Tadao Sato of the film critic speaks it with [14]. But a turning point comes before long. A historical drama of Manager Akira Kurosawa gave a shock for Toei historical drama.

"Bodyguard" "camellia Sanjuro of Akira Kurosawa," the historical drama movie of other companies such as "seppuku" of Masaki Kobayashi makes a hit, and popularity withers and falls at a stretch when Toei historical drama fades and I produced the group rivalry historical dramas such as "13 assassinators", but will be replaced Ken Takakura, a chivalrous spirit movie of Koji Tsuruta before long without popularity recovering. And the mass production system of Toei is over, too, and a double feature latest exhibition every one week becomes before long every two weeks; in 1964 of Manager Tadashi Imai "Echigo pipe lets be and "the starvation straits" of the Tomu Uchida supervision stand one in 1965 and are shown wisdom tooth" "revenge" with [15]. The mass production system was over, but Toei forms a tough program picture by a historical drama route of the 1950s, and it is said that it enters in the 60s, and the yakuza movie of the chivalrous spirit route was able to succeed well [16].

Footnote

  1. ^ 「日本映画のヒット力～なぜ日本映画は儲かるようになったか～」大高宏雄　著　13P参照
  2. ^ 「映画小事典」田山力哉　著188P参照
  3. ^ 「世界映画大事典」　769P参照　
  4. ^ 「世界映画大事典」770P参照
  5. ^ 「世界映画大事典」770P参照
  6. ^ 「日本映画のヒット力～なぜ日本映画は儲かるようになったか～」大高宏雄　著　14～17P参照
  7. ^ 但し、必ずしも二本立て興行は戦後に行われたことではなく、戦前も行われていた。
  8. ^ 「日本映画は今～スクリンの裏側からの証言～」229P 佐野量一著　TBSブリタニカ　1996年4月発行
  9. ^ スターを揃えて量産体制が取れた東映は毎週2本の新作を作り続けたが、その他の東宝や松竹では東映ほどの量産体制は取れず、例えば黒澤明や木下恵介監督の作品は2週目に入って併映作品を変えたり、過去の名作をリバイバル上映したりしていた。
  10. ^ 日本映画のロードショーは無いが、洋画ロードショー館に日本映画を上映させた例としては1974年の野村芳太郎監督の「砂の器」が最初である。
  11. ^ 「あかんやつら～東映京都撮影所血風録～」春日太一、145～151P 参照
  12. ^ このゴールデンウィークのもとの語源は映画からきた言葉であり、1954年頃に大映がこの期間の映画宣伝で「黄金週間」という表現を使ったことから始まった言葉である。
  13. ^ 「あかんやつら～東映京都撮影所血風録～」春日太一、138～140P参照
  14. ^ 「戦後映画の展開」58～59P参照　
  15. ^ これらの作品は東映だが、一番早かったのは東宝で1964年2月15日に勅使川原宏監督の「砂の女」が一本立て公開で当時話題となった。この翌年に黒澤明監督の「赤ひげ」が同じく一本立て公開されている。
  16. ^ 「日本映画のヒット力～なぜ日本映画は儲かるようになったか～」大高宏雄　著 14P

出典

  • 「世界映画大事典」監修 岩本憲児・高村倉太郎、　編集 岩本憲児・奥村賢・佐藤順昭・宮澤誠一　　(株)日本図書センター　2008年6月発行
  • 「映画小事典」田山力哉　著　ダヴィッド社　1987年9月発行
  • 「日本映画のヒット力～なぜ日本映画は儲かるようになったか～」大高宏雄　著　ランダムハウス講談社　2007年11月発行
  • 「日本映画は今～スクリンの裏側からの証言～」佐野量一 著　TBSブリタニカ　1996年4月発行
  • 「映画館と観客の文化史」加藤幹郎　著　中公新書　2006年7月発行
  • 「あかんやつら～東映京都撮影所血風録～」春日太一　著　文藝春秋社　2013年11月発行
  • 「戦後映画の展開」講座日本映画5　岩波書店　1987年1月発行

関連項目

外部リンク

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