Overseas Chinese
According to the definition of the Chinese Communist Party government of the People's Republic of China, the overseas Chinese (today) is a name to point to "the Han race who has Chinese nationality while emigrating to a nation, the area except Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao". I may be used for the Chinese immigrant of the foreign family register acquisitor [1]. (Republic of China (Taiwan) in rivalry with the country is included in saying "China" of the Chinese Communist Party government as "an area" of the country)
I often express "people inheriting culture and business derived from China with the origin of the Chinese food system" with "overseas Chinese" widely commonly in Japan, but am divided closely (later description). In addition, there is "an Indian overseas" for the Indian name of similar circumstances.
Table of contents
Overseas Chinese and Chinese immigrant
I may be confused with a Chinese immigrant, but, with overseas Chinese, the Chinese immigrant is a different concept. When I distinguish these concepts, the overseas Chinese refers to a person keeping the People's Republic of China family register by states such as the dual nationality. [the source required] the overseas Chinese was an important element of the international trade balance of the Republic of China by the remittances from the economic infrastructure to the own country until World War II.
A person having nationality of the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China (Taiwan) is "overseas Chinese", and, in Japan, the thing which acquired Japanese nationality is considered to be "a Chinese immigrant". [The source required]
The formation of the community and advance to the local society
In spite of being minority, the group of the person in the same profession made from community and this formed of a person from same town is completed, and the overseas Chinese often has big influence for local economy, politics. The manager who it leads that the group of people in the same profession is completed, and began business employs a person of the same town, and it depends on what is easy to be repeated to perform the same profession independently before long. Even a political aspect comes to have power when they acquire ability economically, and the Thai Royal Family, Thaksin ex-Prime Minister and the in rack ex-Prime Minister of the younger sister, President origin of Corazon Aquino Philippines, Myanmarese Former Prime Minister Ne Win, the theine Sane ex-President inherit a trait or talent from the overseas Chinese as an example on the politics side.
Instead of not trusting a partner easily, the overseas Chinese is said to trust it thoroughly if I trust it once, and it becomes the background of their solidarity power. They take good care of a friend [2].
Language
Same people help each other, and the hometown where Chinese has a big difference of the dialect, and it is natural for words not to go in the same ministry either, and the dialect knows often forms community.
By the hometown distinction,
| Cantonese | I am from around Guangdong Guangzhou and speak Cantonese |
| Person from Taishan / 四邑人 | I am from Taishan and Jiangmen and speak Taishan word |
| Person from tide state | I speak a language of State of tide in a tide state and a native place around Shantou |
| Hakka person | I am from around plum state and Lufeng, around Haifeng and speak Hakka |
| Person from Hainan | I am from existing Hainan |
| Person from Fujian | I speak Fukienese in Xiamen in southern Fujian, around Quanzhou and a Taiwanese native place |
| Person from Fuzhou | I am from Fuzhou, around Fuqing and speak a language of Fuzhou |
| Person from Xinghua | 莆 I am from around field and speak Xinghua word |
| Person from Ningbo | I am from around Zhejiang Ningbo and speak a language of Ningbo |
| Person from Wenzhou | I am from around Wenzhou and speak a language of Wenzhou |
などが formed the community of the home boy separately. It is common to use the language of the overseas residential area, but, other than a dialect of the hometown, Pekingese and English come to be used in addition to these widely recently, too.
Distribution
Southeast Asia、North America、Japan、The U.K.、AustraliaThere is much などに.
Overseas Chinese of Japan
History
Much overseas Chinese goes over to Japan historically if I take a concept of the overseas Chinese widely. They became a captive by the Mongolian Invasions, but the forgiven south Soong person and others lived in Tojimmachi of Hakata from the Japanese side. In addition, there was the thing which the Chinese of the latter term Japanese pirates which performed an illegal import under the embargo in light 清, and made a fortune crossed in person from Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong a lot of (I can interpret the latter term Japanese pirates as the run of the overseas Chinese) like most of the overseas Chinese in King direct のように Japan.
The foreigner's residence which was a Chinese house district was made in Nagasaki by a policy of seclusion of the Edo era. In 1635, the Edo Shogunate took measures to confine the arrival in port of the Chinese merchant ship to the Nagasaki one Port, but mixed residence in Nagasaki-shi was permitted the Chinese. However, because illegal imports increased, the Chinese residence district would limit it in the Nagasaki city magistrate's office and started the construction of the foreigner's residence in land of Oyaku-en Garden which the Shogunate owned in the great virtue temple town in the suburbs of Nagasaki in 1688 and was completed in the next year. The area had the seating capacity of in approximately 9,400 tsubos and around 2,000 people. The people were surrounded in a wall and a moat, and a guard station was established on the side of Daimon, and comings and goings were watched, but comings and goings were permitted the Chinese in comparison with a Dutchman of Dejima having been watched severely relatively freely.
I refer to the following related stories.
- A settlement and overseas Chinese
- Hakodate Chinese food hall (I build it in 1910)
Present
Much overseas Chinese exists in Japan, and activity is seen mainly now in the area of economy and the culture entertainment. Ran Otori of the actress, Sadaharu Ou of the baseball, Eikan Kyuu of the economic analyst, Momofuku Ando (Kure 100 fortune, postwar 1:00 period) who is the inventor of instant noodles, Seigen Go (postwar 1:00 period), Shunshin Chin of the novelist of the Go, Futoku Shuu, 富輝兄弟 of the dishs, Judy Ongg (an old man carefully a ball), Agnes H. Chan (Chen beauty age), Deng Lijun (鄧麗君) of the singer are famous.
A Chinese school exists in others, Yokohama, Kobe, Tokyo, Osaka where a Chinatown is formed to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki (Chinatown of Chinatown # Japan). There are others, Kobe overseas Chinese history Museum and 横浜華僑青年会龍獅團, the Japanese overseas Chinese Chinese immigrant society, too.
The Chinese who emigrated to Japan from the change of a Japanese foreign policy and political circumstances of China increased rapidly from the late 1970s, and they increased than 4 times in 20 years. I always call the Chinese who emigrated to Japan after reform and opening up old overseas Chinese the new overseas Chinese in a Chinese and the descendants living in Japan for a long time. Native place area and difference in sense of values cause the friction in both, too.
Overseas Chinese of Southeast Asia
History
I promulgate an embargo plan and took the virtual marine use limit policy by the people, but it is said to Chinese Akiyo that an emigrant to Southeast Asia each place was full of the height of prosperity so as to remain for light の immigrant ship and the record from confusion at the end of change and Akiyo of the Asia region by the arrival in the Age of Geographical Discovery.
Friction with overseas Chinese and the field inhabitants who flowed from the confusion period one after another in Java (existing Indonesia) under the Netherlands rule that took a friendship policy as a Chinese immigrant emigrant (1740) during October for Takashi Inui five years at a light end, and increased and the government occurred, and a riot by the overseas Chinese occurred, and there was a symbolic case such as the overseas Chinese slaughter for disturbance suppressions leaving a grudge between outbreak, Government General of Netherlands under the friendship policy.
I watched the overseas Chinese riots of light は foreign countries calmly, but when it was the times of 清, I punished you to foreign countries overseas Chinese severely for reasons of the commerce top saying "I sentence you to a crime, the artifact of a severed head which the thing which I made the people, and there was abroad knew a theft, and knew an enemy", and a shift, a number of the overseas Chinese to thereby make a voyage to decreased in a virtual emigrant suppression policy.
As for the middle Chinese immigrant fleeing into 清末 of the early 20th century when the political situation became unstable abroad around increase, French possession Indochina mainly British India and British; such as Murray, the Philippines to possess engaged in agriculture, fishery, trade, a building mainly in a colony area. Above all, the overseas Chinese in French possession Indochina supports Kuomintang, and it is said that there became the political influence.
Same town awareness was strong and often lived in the constant area in a group in the emigration, and rice, wood, coal, junk production, a beast bone, correction of literary works engaged in the export of farm products mainly in the area, and, as for the middle Chinese immigrant whom I emigrated to from Fujian, the Chinese immigrant built the mutual cooperation by the native place area in the commerce in the management such as farm products processing factories, Guangdong native place in Vietnamese west Mitsugu and チョロン district.
Present
In Southeast Asia, it is said that there are many sinter south district native places in overseas Chinese from historic process like a Japanese Chinatown. Originally there are many people from Guangdong and Fujian including Hainan Island (existing Hainan), but the people from around Shanghai and Beijing and Republic of China (Taiwan) increase recently, too.
The overseas Chinese population of Southeast Asia increases, but, in Vietnam and Indonesian two countries, overseas Chinese decreases by the friction with war and local people generally in comparison with 1:00. The overseas Chinese of 1,100,000 got away from Vietnam in particular after Sino-Vietnam War of 1975 by a case outside Viet Nam in Indonesia on 30th in September, 1965. However, the overseas Chinese population of Vietnam counts 10 million now in 1,300,000 people, Indonesia, and it is in the influential ethnic group which still occupies the good portion of the country population.
There are a lot of inhabitants of overseas Chinese line in Malaysia.
There is the overseas Chinese in Thailand.
Allied item
Footnote
- ^ Senkaku Islands are Japanese territory and remark = Hong Kong media Representative overseas Chinese Searchina 2010/09/15
- ^ Naoki Ota "being water and the oil that a Japanese and a Chinese are why" or KK bestsellers 2011
References
- A face still strong;, "outlook on five misunderstanding - Japanese social Chinese immigrant," is "weekly publication Orient economy" 5282nd, May, 1995
- The Keiko Wakabayashi "whereabouts of the Chinese population superpower" (in Iwanami Shoten, June, 1994 ISBN 4-00-430341-9)
- A Hiroaki Kani, Yoshinobu Shiha, Chukun Yuu edition "overseas Chinese, Chinese immigrant encyclopedia" (in Hirofumi temple, June, 2002 ISBN 4-335-55080-4)
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