エリウゲナ
エリウゲナ (Johannes Scotus Eriugena 810 years?-877 year?) is a theologian, a philosopher of the ninth century. I become the Imperial Court principal at the invitation of the Charles second of west Frank Empire and, abreast of study of ancient Greece Rome, carry a part of the Renaissance development for Carlovingian. I insist on agreement of theology and the philosophy and build a general thought system and am placed as a pioneer of the scholasticism. I am called John スコトゥス, John スコトゥス エリウゲナ. By the way, "エリウゲナ" is his nickname in the meaning called the Irishman.
A portrait was used in an Irish five pound note published from 1976.
Table of contents
Life
Pre-half life
エリウゲナ from Ireland was the person who was unusually familiar with Greek in West Europe at the time. Therefore I played an active part in translation of the Greek writing and became famous. In about 845, I am invited as the Charles second (a bald head king) of west Frank Empire and will take the birch in Imperial Court school [1]. The Imperial Court school won fame under エリウゲナ, and many students gathered. As for the episode which William of Malmesbury conveys, it is to a thing indicating a viewpoint in the Imperial Court of エリウゲナ. It is the following stories. King visited in エリウゲナ once. "("Quid distat inter sottum et Scottum?") エリウゲナ answered how much things the differences between エリウゲナ and drinker would be". "Is a one table share." (meaning to hardly change "Mensa tantum ") [the source required]
エリウゲナ stayed in Frank Empire for 30 years and dealt with developing upbringing. It was asked the Emperor of Eastern Empire Mikhail third in about 858 and worked on translation and an explanatory note to Latin of false Dio snail Usu アレオパギタ. This is a beginning, and it will have a big influence on theology of Europe of afterward that Dio Nishio's was introduced by Europe.
Achievements and writing of エリウゲナ
His achievements complied with Augustine and Dio snail male, a flow of the Greek Church Father and Neoplatonism. The main achievements are the accepted doctrine about the sacred body, translation into Latin of the false Dio Nishio's. His study dated back to Plato and made the opportunity that brought back the argument on universality in the Middle Ages. The argument on universality is discussed in a theology debate of the Middle Ages most flourishingly and will contribute to development of the scholasticism.
The first writing of エリウゲナ is accepted doctrine about the sacred body which did not come in history. エリウゲナ is here, and, according to the guess, it is said that a sacred body insisted on simple symbol and commemorative にすぎないを. Berengar of Tours insists on the same thing later, and this is impeached. It is said that Berengarius was made to bake an article of this エリウゲナ in front of the public as punishment. However, there is not the state that a question was held in legitimacy of エリウゲナ from a representative at the same time. On the contrary, エリウゲナ refutes the doubleness predestination that monk Gottschalk advocated in response to a request of the archbishop Kinch marl of Lance as legitimate Fidei Defensor. It is "planned idea" which what was written down for this refutation still remains ("De divina praedestinatione"). However, a question mark has been rather added to legitimacy of, believing because the tone was extreme. The tone of エリウゲナ is extremely inferential and assumes philosophy and theological identification a basic posture. Accepted doctrine and how to catch about the reason Church Fathers in particular show this clearly. At first a problem was pointed out, and, as for this writing, it was done condemnation in a consistory of ヴァレンス of 855 years and the Langless consistory of 859 years by フロリウス and プルデンティウス. Therefore the methodology of エリウゲナ was criticized until "the invention of the devil".
The second writing of エリウゲナ is Latin translation of the writing of false Duo snail Usu アレオパギタ. This depends on a request of the Charles second and comes in the present age. However, pantheism characteristics to have of the writing of アレオパギタ will lose reputation of エリウゲナ again. The Pope Nicolaus first was angry that such translation was given without one's permission and gave the Charles second an order for Rome summons of エリウゲナ and demanded discharge from the Imperial Court.
エリウゲナ stands out among philosophers of the Middle Ages. Freeness of the contemplation and the logic in the world understanding and the boldness of dialectics deserve in particular attention. I may feel some resistance in placing him as a pioneer of the scholasticism said generally when I think so. However, his achievements are to have joined ancient philosophy to rather date back to Plato together to scholasticism of the Middle Ages. It needs a consideration in エリウゲナ that philosophy was the positioning called theological foundations. Words of エリウゲナ are just quoted about philosophy and the relations of the religion repeatedly by theologians of the Middle Ages. However, I will know thing coming from it for the first thing, the source and a thought, religion and authority, that I thought with the second thing with philosophy and reason him if I examine thought of エリウゲナ closely well.
"Natural division theory"
Furthermore, the thing which you must not leave by writing of エリウゲナ is "natural division theory" ("De divisione naturae"). He divides nature into following four in this.
- Nature (God) to create without being created
- Nature (good, truth, eternity, idea, existence) to be created, and to create
- Nature (the world, the human being world) to be created, and not to create
- Nature (the completion of God and cover all things in nature becoming one is in a state.) not to create without being created
Therefore エリウゲナ regarded an inner space and the material world as an existence, shift part to become the joint between people. The methodology was very theoretical and made full use of a syllogism. However, cover all things in nature were considered same as pantheism as for the conclusion that I had the same property for the style that was a mystery with God [2]. Therefore "the natural division theory" is impeached in a sense consistory of 1225 by the Pope Honorius third and it is in the times of Gregory VIII of 1585, and it is finally for five separate volumes and is published.
Latter half student
I hardly understand the half life after him. He is invited to Oxford for 882 years by Alfred the Great and becomes the abbot of マームスベリー while tell me there, and the story that resulted in death by the wound that I was stabbed in by a student is hardly groundless. Probably I would mess with the tradition of the person of other same name. Rather one thinking that エリウゲナ spent a life in France is logical. In fact, I do not understand him to having been a clergyman. But, in エリウゲナ where I make a scholar if I think about a background in the times at the time and was invited to as a teacher, thinking that probably it was a monk in clergymen is natural. [The source required]
Footnote
Allied documents
- シロニス "thought of エリウゲナ and Neoplatonism of the Middle Ages" (wound sentence company, Sophia University "Middle Ages thought Institute study library")
- Etienne Gilson "the Middle Ages history of philosophy" (エンデルレ bookstore, 1949)
- D, A v Harnack "history of doctrine essentials" (Yasuo Yamada, reason, 1997)
This article is taken from the Japanese Wikipedia エリウゲナ
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