Changsha big fire

Changsha big fire

The Changsha big fire (ちょうさたいか) is an arson case caused in Hunan Changsha at 2:00 a.m. on November 13, 1938 during Japan-China War by the Chinese Nationalist Party forces. I am called the big fire (ぶんせきたいか) in Chinese in a sentence evening. Changsha that was a city of a population of 500,000 was destroyed by fire at the most of the city area by a fire.

As for the purpose, scorched-earth policy (堅壁清野) not to give the Japanese military the thing either and a viewpoint to do are common, but there is the viewpoint aimed for the assassination of the Chou Enlai and others who was a Chinese Communist Party executive in a part because the Japan forces did not attack Changsha at this time [¹].

Table of contents

Background

The Kuomintang forces prepared for destruction of long Shashi for scorched-earth policy [¹]. In addition, in the case of the case, the leader, Chou Enlai of the Chinese Communist Party stayed in Changsha with leaf sword British [²] Guo Moruo [³] and others.

Because Chiang Kai-shek captured 岳州 where the Japanese military is the strategic base along Hangkow, the Guangdong railroad in a short term, I order scorched-earth policy in a hurry and am informed it when 張治中 carried it out [⁴]. In addition, there is the viewpoint that 張 is seized with ambition, and caused a big fire [³].

In the Changsha city which fell into a confusion state by a report of 岳州陥落 [⁵], a rumor that I approached drifts to Changsha the Japanese military, and what was confused in 地方軍警 by this rumor is said to be opportunity of the case and [⁷] that it was [⁶].

I it in the progress of the case

The destruction of the Changsha airport was started on November 12, too [⁷]. The fire of Changsha spread to the whole area in the castle by a strong wind. In doing so, Guo Moruo confirms that he sets fire by an order of 張治中 from a soldier setting fire [³]. The government official of the local government ran, and the uneasiness of inhabitants increased more. Gunboat sand Piper (185 tons of Sandpiper, displacements) that belonged to a British Yangtze River fleet stayed in the neighborhood of facilities of the foreigner for foreign protection to shelter [⁵].

Influence of the case

The fire lasted 3 in the evening on 3rd [⁴], and Changsha that was the city that had the long history became the ruins and lost most of the cultural heritage [⁴]. The fried dead person is said to be [⁶] more than [⁹] or 30,000 more than 20,000 people [⁴] [⁸].

Of the thing that it seemed that the Chou Enlai was burnt to death, but a house during the going to bed was wrapped in raging flame it became clear on November 20 to have barely escaped. The Republic of China central government expended 1 million yuan [¹⁰] as relief costs and dispatched 軍警 and planned the maintenance of the peace and order and, on the other hand, the Director military committee politics Chen truth dispatched 70 members of political maneuver and hit remedial measure processing [⁷]. Three local government officials (Changsha guard commander 鄷 悌, 警備二団団長徐昆 and 警察局長文重孚) were accused, and I was executed by Chiang Kai-shek leadership, but the disposal to 張治中 became light (in addition, 張治中 had the spy scandal of the Soviet Union, too).

Because the Kuomintang forces did not succeed in occupation checks of Guangdong by the Japanese military by the previous scorched-earth policy in the overseas media at the time either, I did it if what could not prevent the attack of the Japan forces by the scorched-earth policy was apparent and pointed out the error of continuing scorched-earth policy.

Footnote

1. ^ ^{a b} alliance ten-day report Vol. 2 33rd December 10 publication (No. 52) end of November, 1938 issue, page 12
2. ^ Chinese Wikipedia article "sentence evening big fire"
3. Written by ^ ^{a b c} Guo Moruo, Toshio Okazaki reason "anti-Japanese movement war reminiscences" ISBN 4122038804
4. For ^ ^{a b c d} "history of modern Chinese 100 years dictionary" Zhejiang people publishing company, 1,987 years, it is page 147
5. On ^ ^{a b} London Times November 14, 1938, it is page 12
6. For ^ ^{a b} "history of 简 light average Kunichika 现 charges 词 celebration" China young man publishing company, 1,985 years, it is page 587
7. ^ ^{a b c} alliance ten-day report Vol. 2 32nd November 30 publication (No. 51) middle of November, 1938 issue, 17-18 pages
8. For ^ "history of Kunichika 100 years dictionary" Hubei people publishing company, 1,985 years, it is page 49
9. For ^ "Chinese Revolution dictionary" 档案出版社, 1,988 years, it is 301 pages of ISBN 7-80019-054-4
10. ^ alliance ten-day report Vol. 2 35th December 30 publication (No. 54) middle of December, 1938 issue, page 14

Allied item

• 堅壁清野, scorched-earth policy
• Yellow River rip case

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