Spectrocolorimetry

Spectrum colorimeter

Spectrocolorimetry (British: Spectrophotometry) is the quantitative study technique of the electromagnetic spectrum in the physics. Coverage is smaller than the spectrum method and handles a visible ray, near-ultraviolet radiation, near-infrared light. In addition, the resolution spectrum technique is not included at time, too.

By the spectrocolorimetry, I use spectrum colorimeter or 分光測色器 (spectrophotometer). The spectrum colorimeter measures strength of (if I say exactly together with a wavelength of the light) together with a color with kind of the photometer. There are various types of things to a spectrum colorimeter. For an important difference, there are the range of the wavelength to be able to handle, a difference of the measurement technique using, a difference of the technique to dismantle light to a spectrum, a kind of the measurement subject categorically. In addition, it is the characteristic that is important to the bandwidth of the spectrum and the linear range.

The typical use of the spectrum colorimeter includes the measurement (absorptiometer) of the absorptivity, but is designed to measure dispersion reflectance and the mirror surface reflection rate.

The use of the spectrum colorimeter is not limited to physics. I am used well in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, the molecular biology [¹].

Table of contents

Design

The spectrum colorimeter is classified roughly into a single beam method and a double beam method. The double beam-type spectrum colorimeter measures the ratio of the intensity of light in two light path, and the single beam-type spectrum colorimeter measures absolute luminosity. It is easy, and the ratio measurement is more stable, but dynamic range is wide, and an advantage to be able to be downsized more is to the single beam-type apparatus.

The spectrum colorimeter uses the monochromator for a spectrum analysis from old days, but there is the thing using the optical sensor array for. There is what's called getting spectrum information using technique quickly Fourier transform red outside spectrum to a particularly infrared spectrum colorimeter.

The spectrum colorimeter (absorptiometer in particular) measures a ratio of light that penetrated a sample quantitatively. In the spectrum colorimeter, I make the light of the source of light the light of the specific wavelength in monochromator. I expose a sample to this light and measure the light that transmitted. I measure strength of the light that transmitted with photosensors such as the photodiode, and the transmissivity of the wavelength is calculated.

When I use the spectrum colorimeter (absorptiometer), the following things are taking place.

1. The light of the source of light penetrates a sample.
2. The sample absorbs light.
3. A detector detects quantity of the light absorbed by a sample.
4. A detector digitizes quantity of the light.
5. The numerical value may be illustrated directly and I am sent to the computer and may be operated more.

Many spectrum colorimeters need calibration called "zeroing". As for the value of other samples, it is to the relative value with the value to become the standard (zero) by becoming the standard of the absorbance, and setting the standard value with (white paper called the standard paper) [²].

Spectrum colorimeter of ultraviolet rays and the visible light

The most common spectrum colorimeter has the apparatus which can handle the near-infrared light at the same time for ultraviolet rays and a visible ray.

The spectrum colorimeter treating a visible ray from 400nm to 700nm is used for colorimetry (colorimetry) in particular. An ink manufacturer, a printer, a textile manufacturer need data by the colorimetry (identification of the color). Generally, I measure a spectrum range of the visible light every 20 nanometers and make a spectral reflectance curve. Using this curve, I check whether a new coloring agent becomes the required color.

The spectrum colorimeter for the general visible light cannot detect whether the sample has the fluorescence. When more than one of the printer's inks are fluorescent, I cannot manage the color of the printed matter. About the coloring agent with the fluorescence, I use bi-spectral fluorescence spectrum colorimeter. The spectrum colorimeter of the visible light has d/8 (diffuse illumination, 8 degrees light receiving method) and 45/0 (45 degrees ring illumination, perpendicular light receiving method). The scientist uses this machine to measure the quantity of the compound in the sample. When a lot of compounds are included, a lot of light is absorbed. Lambert Beer's law holds good as far as it is small, and linear relations are managed between the density of sample and absorption of the light.

The sample is put in cuvet generally. It is glass and is made of synthetic resin and, by the range that I want to measure, uses the cuvet of the product made in quartz properly.

"Ultraviolet, visible far-red share Kobo refers, too"

赤外線分光測色

As for the spectrum colorimeter treating infrared rays mainly, the thing which is considerably technically different from the others is required. It may be said that the optical sensor for infrared rays is different from other wavelengths as one of the factors, but there is the problem that every object having heat emits the infrared rays of the wavelength more than 5μm in particular.

In addition, there are the circumstances not to be able to commonize structure because there is the property that glass or plastic penetrating visible light absorb infrared rays. Ideal optical materials include salt, and this does not absorb many infrared rays. I grind it with a potassium bromide and form a pellet whether you pick up the sample of 赤外線分光測色 with two disks of the potassium bromide. When I assume a water solution a sample, I form a cell of insoluble argentic chloride.

I refer to "the infrared spectroscopy"

Spectroradiometer

The spectroradiometer (Spectroradiometer) handles visible light like a spectrum colorimeter and measures the spectrum density of the sample.

1. The light of the source of light reflects in a sample and penetrates a sample.
2. I detect the borrowed light and transmitted light and measure it reflects it or how much light transmitted and digitize it.

Allied item

• Absorptiometry
• Atomic absorption
• Colorimeter
• Spectrum radiometry

Footnote

1. ^ Rendina, George. Experimental Methods in Modern Biochemistry W. B. Saunders Company: It is pp. Philadelphia, PA. 1976 46-55
2. ^ Ibid, pp. 46-55

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